Transparente Elektroden aus Silber

Transparent electrodes made of silver Thin coatings of silver are used in heat control windows. They have a high conductivity and a high transmittance, especially in the visible range of the spectrum. The transmittance decreases in the near infrared, which can be compensated by gains due to an efficient utilisation of interferences. Silver coatings can be produced at low cost. Especially, it is possible to deposit them also on flexible foils. By additional dielectric layers, further demands can be fulfilled, without an impairment of the conductivity. Examples are the prevention of barriers, the adjustment of the work function or the stabilisation against subsequent processes. By this, silver electrodes are of specific interest for organic light emitting diodes or solar cells.     

Transparente leitfähige Elektroden

Transparent conductive oxides and alternative transparent electrodes for organic photovoltaics and OLEDs Organic, photoactive devices, such as OLEDs or organic solar cells, currently use indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent electrode. Whereas ITO is industry‐proven for many years and shows very good electrical and optical properties, its application for lowcost and flexible devices might not be optimal. For such applications innovative technologies such as networkbased metal nanowire or carbon nanotube electrodes, graphene, conductive polymers, metal thin‐films and alternative transparent conductive oxides emerge. Although some of these technologies are rather experimental and far from application, some of them have the potential to replace ITO in selected applications.     

Transparente Barriereschichten auf flexiblen Polymersubstraten

Transparent permeation barrier layers on flexible polymer substrates This paper reviews different vacuum based technologies for manufacturing transparent permeation barrier layers and layer stacks on flexible polymer substrates. With plasma assisted reactive evaporation, a cost‐efficient, highly productive process for food packaging applications is presented. Reactive dual magnetron sputtering is a technology for the deposition of oxide layers with a very low water vapor and oxygen transmission rate at a reasonable deposition rate. Many groups suggest multilayer stacks for the encapsulation of flexible electronic devices. In this paper, an all‐in‐vacuum inline concept for manufacturing such multilayers is presented. It is based on the combination of reactively sputtered barrier layers with interlayers grown by using a magnetron based PECVD process (Magnetron‐PECVD). Both, process parameters, such as deposition rate and process pressure, and important layer properties, such as morphology and the water vapor and oxygen transmission rate are compared for the different single and multi layer technologies.     

Puls Magnetron Sputtern von optischen Mehrlagenschichten auf Kunststofffolien

Plastic foils coated with thin layers or layer stacks gain more and more importance in different kinds of industrial applications. Sputtering is preferred in all cases in which an excellent uniformity and reproducibility is required. It is necessary to apply the Dual Magnetron Sputtering Technology (DMS) for an effective deposition of optical layer stacks on large areas. These stacks consist in most cases of electrically insulating single layers. The industrial like pilot sputter roll coater FOSA 600 at FEP site in Dresden was installed in order to meet the growing demand of research and development service in this field. The main present applications for sputtered layers on foils are presented. Additionally the potential of optical filter systems on plastic foils are discussed. These kind of products can be made in the FOSA 600 as small scale production.     

Transparente Kratzschutzbeschichtungen für Kunststoff

Transparent scratch resistant coatings on plastics Today automotive glazing must show more and more functional properties and fulfill demands like low weight, easy assembling and demounting, high design flexibility and recycling properties. The increase of the glazed area as well as the integration of additional function into the glazing causes an increase of the total car weight, resulting in higher fuel consumption and therefore disadvantages concerning environment and resources. The substitution of ceramic glass by more lightweight transparent polymer materials like polycarbonate is a way to reduce the total weight of the car. As the resistance of polycarbonate against mechanical and chemical attack is limited, the surface must be protected by a transparent coating, for example based on silicon dioxide. Plasmapolymerization is a process well suited for the deposition of such coatings. This paper shows the state of the art of automotive glazing, describes innovative means for improving the surface properties of polycarbonate and demonstrates the potential of the process for the protection of searchlight lenses.     

p‐TCOs für Transparente Elektronik

p‐type TCOs for use in transparent electronics In this article, a new type of semiconducting material is introduced. Transparent conducting thin films are already established in our everydaylife. But the type of these so‐called ?TCOs”? is dominated by electron transport, that means they are n‐type. To get transparent p‐n‐junctions and therefore transparent electronics, the missing part is a transparent p‐type material. Researchers all over the world have found different approach to produce this new generation of materials. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) in Braunschweig it is now possible to produce these kind of thin films as well.     

Transparente und leitfähige Veredelung von Kunststoffoberflächen

Deposition Techniques for Transparent Conducting Thin‐Films on Glass and Polymer Substrates We report on thin films deposited at atmospheric pressures on glass and polymer substrates with various techniques. The introduced thin‐film materials show intrinsic properties being suitable for different applications while maintaining the principle properties of the substrates themselves (e. g. shape. rigidity/flexibility, transparency). With the main focus on optical and electronic applications the properties of the deposited films can be adjusted by the choice of coating material (e. g. metal oxide, CNT), the film's shape (compact, particulate) and the deposition process itself. We compare deposition and properties of different TCO‐materials with CNT‐based thin film techniques and demonstrate approaches for the integration of these processes in production lines.     

Hauchvergoldung auf Relaiskontakten

Gold Flashing on Relay Contacts. It is not the colour but the resistance of contacts which determines their efficiency. Since, however, it is an expensive and time-wasting procedure to measure the resistance of every contact, many costomers reject relays whose silver contacts show a brownish-black discolouration, complaining that they have been kept too long in stock. This problem was believed to have been solved by the introduction of gold-flashing as a temporary coating while the contacts are kept in stock. Now the German Post Office's Telecommunications Head Quarters (Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt der Deutschen Bundespost) in Darmstadt have found indications which raise some suspecions as to the damaging side-effects of gold-flashing. For this reason, a working committee of the VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers), group 1.6?Contact behaviour and switching processes”?, undertook its own investigations. The results were revealed during a platform-discussion on the 3rd October, 1973 in the Technical College at Karlsruhe and are given here in the form of edited speeches and a summary of the discussion.     

Hochreflektierende Beschichtungen auf Kunststoffoptiken

Metallized polymer substrates offering highest reflectance are not yet state of the art. Coating organic substrate materials is still a task that is connected with multiple problems. Insufficient adhesion of coatings on polymer substrates represents one of the main difficulties. We could show by experiment that aluminium and silver layers indicate good coating adhesion on many different polymers if they are deposited by vacuum evaporation considering certain process parameters. High reflectance values and a good climatic stability of the metal coated polymer parts are other important challenges to plastic mirrors. By performing roughness measurements on the different polymer samples and by comparing reflection values obtained after coating these samples the impact of the polymers surface quality on the reflectance after metal coating has been investigated. Particularly high reflectance above 97% was realized with a protected silver mirror as well as with dielectric enhanced aluminium. Applying these layer systems excellent reflection properties has been obtained on several plastic substrates comparable to those on glass mirrors. Furthermore the dielectric layers used for reflection enhancement showed the ability to protect the aluminium coating against climatic influences.     

Bahnkorrektur auf Ellipsenbahnen

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Mit Hilfe der erweiterten Hillschen Gleichungen für Ellipsenbahnen mit kleiner Exzentrizität wird eine Methode zur Bahnkorrektur von Satelliten angegeben. Zu...     

Nachruf auf Owsei Temkin

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nachruf auf Mauritz Dittrich

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Optische Interferenzfilter auf Polymerfolien

Optical interference filter on polymer films - Spectral channel separation in 3-D projections by wavelength division multiplexing In this work the preparation of optical interference filters on polymer foils for spectral channel separation for 3D projections is presented. The suitability of various polymer substrates for this purpose was investigated by measurements of the layer adhesion and the optical haze. Optimization of the energy input during the coating process and of the optical layer design offered a possibility to coat optical interference layer systems for spectral channel separation on PET polymer foil. It was possible to build working 3D glasses. Furthermore the application of gradient filters for the compensation of the spectral shift due to different incident angles and the processing of the coated filter foils were discussed.