卫星通信技术的新发展

就当前卫星通信技术的若干热点作了一些概括和综述。首先,介绍了宽带卫星通信系统的有关概念和发展现状,提出了需解决的主要技术问题,给出了典型应用;然后,在介绍卫星移动通信的国内外发展现状的基础上,研究了系统的特点及需要突破的关键技术;最后,介绍了空间通信网的基本概念,给出了网络组成及功能,分析了需要解决的若干新技术。     

An efficient MAC protocol with cooperative retransmission in mobile ad hoc networks

In emerging wireless networks, cooperative retransmission is employed to replace packet retransmission between a pair of sender and receiver with poor channel condition. A cooperative MAC protocol which utilizes such benefit is proposed in this paper to improve the network performance in mobile ad hoc networks. In the proposed protocol, relay nodes between sender and receiver are used if the sender cannot communicate with the receiver reliably. Furthermore, the receiver may also stop forwarding the received data frame if the frame is received by the next‐hop receiver on the route to the final destination node. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms previous works in terms of increased transmission reliability and reduced delay time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of amplify forward and decode forward cooperative strategies for body surface communications in UWB Body Area Networks

Body area networks (BAN) are being developed for telemonitoring of patients. Ultra wideband (UWB) is the most preferred choice for the physical layer of the BAN as it provides high data rate at low power consumption along with a simple transceiver structure. But because of high fading characteristics of the human body channel, the range of UWB will be limited, and a reliable communication cannot be guaranteed. In that case, cooperative communications may be applied to BAN for improving system performance and link quality. The paper proposes a novel approach by applying amplify and forward, and decode and forward cooperative relaying strategies with maximal ratio combining for BAN. The performance of single relay AF and DF relaying have been compared with direct transmission. Further, the efficacy of the proposed strategies has been validated by transmitting electrocardiogram signals and magnetic resonance imaging images. Simulations and validations have been carried out on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers designated CM3 channel model for BAN designed from real time measurements data. A signal‐to‐noise ratio gain of at least 3 dB is clearly observed from simulation results. Thus, transmit power requirement can be minimized, which in turn improves the battery life of body sensor nodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The simulation modelling and performance analysis of low earth orbit satellite communication networks for personal communications

This paper extends previous research efforts related to the simulation performance modelling and analysis of satellite communication networks. Specifically, the use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks for personal communications is examined. Six different satellite constellation configurations are investigated in a packet‐switched operating environment. Performance metrics examined are the end‐to‐end packet delay and the utilization of satellite channels in the dynamic environment. Realistic and accurate models of the physical satellite network and its terrestrial transmitters require that numerous operating characteristics and assumptions be specified. These are based on proposed design requirements of commercial systems, such as Iridium. Via the use of simulation, we show the relative delay and utilization performance of differing satellite network architectures. From these simulation models, mathematical metamodels are derived for the system delays. These innovative models are used to predict the delay performance of different network architectures not previously simulated. Comparison of these metamodels with simulation results show that metamodels provide an accurate means for performance prediction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

协作通信技术在卫星移动通信中的应用

卫星移动通信自逐渐发展以来,便因其覆盖范围广、地域限制弱、信号容量大等特点被广泛应用于通信网络当中,成为全球通信网络中不可或缺的有效信息传输手段之一,在军用领域和民用领域发挥着重要作用。但由于卫星移动通信的信道受多径效应、阴影效应以及多普勒效应的影响,严重的影响信号传输的有效性,因此必须采用相关的通信技术克服这一问题。协作通信技术作为提高通信质量的有效手段,因此研究其在卫星移动通信中的应用逐渐成为热门话题。     

An efficient MAC protocol for cooperative diversity in mobile ad hoc networks

Cooperative diversity is proposed to combat the detrimental effects of channel fading. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of cooperative diversity in interference limited ad hoc networks. The negative effects due to relay blocking on the network throughput are investigated. We show that the relay blocking problem is mainly dependent on the relay selection criterion. To overcome this problem, we propose a new cooperative diversity technique based on a modified IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. The throughput performance of the proposed MAC protocol is analyzed using a random structured network where nodes are assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas. In our simulations, we consider both single‐ and multiple‐relay scenarios over fading channels. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Maximum lifetime broadcast communications in cooperative multihop wireless ad hoc networks: Centralized and distributed approaches

We investigate the problem of broadcast routing in energy constrained stationary wireless ad hoc networks with an aim to maximizing the network lifetime measured as the number of successive broadcast sessions that can be supported. We propose an energy-aware spanning tree construction scheme supporting a broadcast request, considering three different signal transmission schemes in the physical layer: (a) point-to-point, (b) point-to-multipoint, and (c) multipoint-to-point. First we present a centralized algorithm that requires global topology information. Next, we extend this to design an approximate distributed algorithm, assuming the availability of k-hop neighborhood information at each node, with k as a parameter. We prove that the centralized scheme has time complexity polynomial in the number of nodes and the distributed scheme has a message complexity that is linear in the number of nodes. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate significant improvement in network lifetime following our centralized scheme compared to existing prominent non-cooperative broadcasting schemes proposed to solve the same lifetime maximization problem in wireless ad hoc networks. Due to lack of global topology information, the distributed solution does not produce as much advantage as the centralized solution. However, we demonstrate that with increasing value of k, the performance of the distributed scheme also improves significantly.     

Improving mobile ad hoc network routing with satellite out‐of‐band signaling

Routing in mobile ad hoc networks is a complex task due to the mobility of the nodes and the constraints linked to a wireless multihop network (e.g., limited bandwidth, collisions, and bit errors). These adverse conditions impair not only data traffic but also routing signaling traffic, which feeds route computation. In this contribution, we propose to use satellite communications to help in the distribution of mobile ad hoc network routing signaling. The optimized link‐state routing (OLSR) is chosen among several routing protocols to be extended with satellite‐based signaling, yielding a version we call OLSR hybrid signaling (OLSR‐H). This new scheme is evaluated through simulations and yields improvements of approximately 10% in the data delivery ratio compared with a regular OLSR. This evaluation is conducted using two different network topology models, one being fit for representing forest firefighting operations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asynchronous diversity receiving scheme and analysis on cooperative relay networks简

The transmission antennas of cooperative systems are spatially distributed on multiple nodes, so the received signal can be asynchronous due to propagation delays. A receiving scheme for cooperative relay networks is proposed, multiple asynchronous signals are reconstructed at the receiver by forward and backward interference cancellation, which can obtain gains of cooperative transmission diversity with obvious delay and with no requiring timing synchronization or orthogonal channelization between relays. Analysis and simulation show that the bit error rate（BER） of the proposed scheme is similar to Alamouti code, and the scheme has the diversity order of orthogonal transmission scheme accompanied by minimal BER losses. It is demonstrated that the performance can be further improved by adding an error correcting code（ECC）.     

基于过时信道状态信息的机会协作性能研究

机会中继是协作通信系统中提高频谱效率和节省功率消耗的常用方法.在通信过程中,信道估计时刻和实际中继传输信息时刻存在一定的延时,其产生的过时信道状态信息（Outdated CSI）会严重地影响协作通信系统的性能.分别从考虑直传链路和不考虑直传链路两方面,分析了过时信道状态信息对机会协作分集系统中断概率的影响.仿真结果表明,系统性能随着相关系数ρ的减小而变差,并且随着中继节点数目的增加而提高.     

卫星通信的近期发展与前景展望

从分析卫星通信的特点入手,综述了卫星通信的卫星平台、可用频率资源和主要相关技术的发展状况,概述了典型的卫星通信系统的性能特点,介绍了卫星通信的应用及产业化发展情况,并展望了发展前景。     

COMETS experiments for advanced mobile satellite communications and advanced satellite broadcasting

The Communications and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite (COMETS) was developed to evaluate Ka‐band (31/21GHz) and millimetre‐wave (47/44 GHz) advanced mobile satellite communications systems, 21GHz advanced satellite broadcasting systems, and S‐band and Ka‐band inter‐orbit satellite communications systems. COMETS was launched because it was to become the new ‘bridge’ toward advanced satellite communications technologies in the next century, but the launch on 21 February 1998 regretfully failed due to premature shut down of the second stage engine of the H‐II launch rocket. After this accident, the initial low elliptic orbit of COMETS was improved by the apogee engine to a larger elliptic orbit with an apogee altitude of 17711km, a perigee altitude of 473 km, an inclination of 30.1°, and an orbital period of 319 min. Original and modified COMETS experimental plans, countermeasures in earth stations for the orbiting satellite, as well as an overview of the COMETS satellite and ground terminals are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cooperative communications with relay selection for wireless networks: design issues and applications

Relay selection schemes for cooperative communications to achieve full cooperative diversity gains while maintaining spectral and energy efficiency have been extensively studied in a recent research. These schemes select only the best relay from multiple relaying candidates to cooperate with a communication link. In the present paper, we reviewed recently proposed cooperative communication protocols that integrate with relay selection mechanisms. The key design issues for relay selection mechanisms, for example, relaying candidate selection, optimal relay assignment, and cooperative transmission, were identified. We further discussed the challenges of optimal relay assignment in multi‐hop wireless sensor networks and presented the potential applications of cooperative communications with a relay selection in such networks. Future research directions were outlined, for example, the issues of service differentiation and system fairness in cooperative communication systems and the joint use of game theory and adaptive learning techniques in relaying candidate selection and optimal‐relay assignment mechanisms for efficient allocation of network resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动卫星通信信道多普勒频移特性研究

在分析移动卫星通信信道特性的基础上，研究增加直射分量的多普勒实时频移和多径信号入射角范围及其变化对移动卫星通信信道多普勒频移特性的影响，推导了其不对称多普勒功率谱形式，对其进行了理论分析并给出了仿真结果。     

Improving energy efficiency of incremental relay based cooperative communications in wireless body area networks

In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of an incremental relay based cooperative communication scheme in wireless body area networks (WBANs). We derive analytical expressions for the energy efficiency of direct and cooperative communication schemes taking into account the effect of packet error rate. The following communication scenarios specific to a WBAN are considered: (i) in‐body communication between an implant sensor node and the gateway, and (ii) on‐body communication between a body surface node and the gateway with line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐LOS channels. The results reveal a threshold behavior that separates regions where direct transmission is better from regions where incremental relay cooperation is more useful in terms of energy efficiency. It is observed that, compared with direct communication, incremental relay based cooperative communication schemes improves the energy efficiency significantly. Further, cooperation extends the source‐to‐destination hop length over, which energy efficient communication can be achieved as compared with direct communication. We also observe that, for both direct as well as cooperative transmission schemes in error prone channels, an optimal packet size exists that result in maximum energy efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy-efficient relay selection and optimal relay location in cooperative cellular networks with asymmetric traffic

Energy-efficient communication is an important requirement for mobile relay networks due to the limited battery power of user terminals. This paper considers energy-efficient relaying schemes through selection of mobile relays in cooperative cellular systems with asymmetric traffic. The total energy consumption per information bit of the battery-powered terminals, i. e. , the mobile station(MS)and the relay, is derived in theory. In the joint uplink and downlink relay selection(JUDRS)scheme we proposed, the relay which minimizes the total energy consumption is selected. Additionally, the energy-efficient cooperation regions are investigated, and the optimal relay location is found for cooperative cellular systems with asymmetric traffic. The results reveal that the MS-relay and the relay-base station(BS)channels have different influence over relay selection decisions for optimal energy-efficiency. Information theoretic analysis of the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff(DMT)demonstrates that the proposed scheme achieves full spatial diversity in the quantity of cooperating terminals in this network. Finally, numerical results further confirm a significant energy efficiency gain of the proposed algorithm comparing to the previous best worse channel selection and best harmonic mean selection algorithms.     

A utility-based capacity optimization framework for achieving cooperative diversity in the hierarchical converged heterogeneous wireless networks

A hierarchical convergence mechanism for the heterogeneous wireless communication system via the heterogeneous cooperative relay node is presented in this paper, in which the techniques of cooperative communication and wireless relay are utilized to improve performances of the individual user and the overall converged networks. In order to evaluate the benefits of the proposal, a utility-based capacity optimization framework for achieving the heterogeneous cooperative diversity gain is proposed. The heterogeneous cooperative capacity, relay selection and power allocation theoretical models are derived individually. The joint optimization model for relay selection and power allocation is presented as well. Owing to the computation complexity, the sub-optimal cooperative relay selection algorithm, the sub-optimal power allocation algorithm and the sub-optimal joint algorithm are determined to approach the maximum overall networks' spectrum efficiency. These proposed algorithms are designed in conformance to guarantee the equivalent transmission rates of the different wireless access networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the utility-based capacity model is available for the heterogeneous cooperative wireless communication system, and the proposed algorithms can improve performances by achieving the cooperative gain and taking full advantage of the cross-layer design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无线协作中继技术综述

无线协作中继技术具有低成本、扩大覆盖范围的作用,可以有效提高通信系统的可靠性和传输速率。对无线协作中继技术进行综述,讨论协作中继的基本协议和协作中继的选择方案,并且进行比较分析和仿真验证。     

异步卫星协同通信系统中的双采样差分空时编码方案

针对双卫星中继协作通信系统中存在非符号周期整数倍的时延差问题,提出了一种双采样的差分空时正交频分复用（D-OFDM2）方案。所提方案在卫星信道条件未知的情况下,基于具有时延容忍的 D-OFDM编码,在接收端构造了一种双采样方法。该方法在以符号速率采样的同时,对当前主瓣大于相邻旁瓣的区间内增加一次采样,并将两次采样结果等增益合并。仿真结果表明,在系统时延差为非符号周期整数倍的情况下,该方法较单采样方法能获得更高的接收信噪比,同时改善了系统误码性能。     

Lifetime maximization of cooperative networks with mean channel gain information

ith the ETP.