不锈钢的连铸技术

本文介绍了不锈钢连铸的一些工艺技术上的主要难点、特点，概述了不锈钢连铸发展的历史及未来发展趋势     

Influencing Factors on Center Segregation in Continuously Cast Pipeline Steel Slabs

The factors which influence center segregation of continuously cast slabs are obtained through analyzing the database of macrostructrue. It indicates that center segregation becomes severer with the increasing content of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur; Center segregation will be reduced obviously if the content of manganese is higher than 1.5% and the ratio of Mn/S is higher than 300; High degree of superheat , high casting speed and increasing width of slabs will increase the degree of center segregation. Since center segregation below class B has little effect on the property of steel, hence, in order to low the ratio of center segregation of class B-1.0 down to 10%, several control strategies are presented as follows: the contents of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur must be focalized in lower range of steel grade demanded, but manganese upper operating range control. The referenced contents of the elements in molten steel are required like this: [C]<0.07%,[P]<0.01%,[S]<0.005%,[Mn]>1.5%,[Mn]/[S]>300; The degree of superheat should be lower than 24℃ and the casting speed should be defined to 1.0-1.1 m·min-1. At the same time, proper secondary cooling system of water distribution should be developed and the precision of continuous caster should be also improved.     

轻压下技术在板坯连铸生产中的应用现状

 阐述了轻压下技术的机理、作用形式、发展过程、理论研究等,并对梅钢板坯连铸2号机(使用轻压下工艺)和1号机(未使用轻压下工艺)的产品进行了对比,结果表明,使用了轻压下工艺之后,铸坯的中心偏析、疏松、裂纹等缺陷得到了明显的改善,因此轻压下工艺对于改善铸坯的中心偏析、疏松等缺陷有良好的效果。良好的操控界面、强化凝固过程的控制技术、不同钢种临界应变物性的研究是轻压下未来的重点发展方向。     

Computational Analysis of Precipitation during Continuous Casting of Microalloyed Steel

In this paper, the kinetics of TiN, V(C,N)) and AlN precipitation in microalloyed steel during continuous casting is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The precipitate phase fraction, mean radius, number density and composition are simulated with the thermo‐kinetic software MatCalc and compared with experimental results obtained from transmission electron microscopy analysis. A new methodology for modelling precipitation in cast steel is proposed, which consists of two parts: First, a Scheil – Gulliver simulation, which is carried out to obtain information on the amount of microsegregation during solidification. Then, based on this information, two precipitation kinetics simulations are performed: One with the chemical composition representative for the solute‐poor core of the secondary dendrite arms, the other with the composition of the residual liquid at a fraction of 5%, corresponding to the segregated solute‐rich interdendritic regions. The results of the computer simulations using the new methodology are in good agreement with experimental observation.     

Micro‐Segregation Behavior of Solute Elements in the Mushy Zone of Continuous Casting Wide‐Thick Slab

Based on the assumption that the transverse cross‐section of dendrites is a regular hexagon, a coupled macro‐heat transfer and solute diffusion model was developed to describe micro‐segregation behavior of solute elements in the mushy zone during wide‐thick slab continuous casting. The heat transfer model and the micro‐segregation model were validated by the industrial tests and the experiment measurements in literatures, respectively. The results show that the cooling rate decreases from 51.1°C s^?1 at the surface to 0.13°C s^?1 at the center of the wide‐thick slab of peritectic steel continuous casting. The effective cooling rate equaling to 1.78°C s^?1 mainly depends on mold cooling and varies little with casting speed. The micro‐segregation behavior of solute elements in the mushy zone depends on back diffusion ability and local equilibrium at interfaces. Compared with other elements in the steel, phosphorus, and sulfur elements exhibit a much higher segregation ratio at the end of the solidification and are more significantly affected by the initial carbon content.     

连铸过程DC04钢中夹杂物的研究

介绍了某钢厂LD－RH－CC工艺条件下生产的DC04冷轧深冲钢在连铸过程中夹杂物的变化情况。DC04钢从中间包到铸坯夹杂物总量从13.14 mg/(10 kg)降低到9.06 mg/(10 kg),其中大型夹杂物从5.16 mg/(10 kg)降低到2.67 mg/(10 kg);从中间包到铸坯显微夹杂物数量从7.56个/mm2降低到5.63个/mm2。中间包和铸坯中小于10 µm的夹杂物占显微夹杂物比例在93%和97%以上。大型夹杂物主要是硅酸盐和铝酸盐复合夹杂。在研究的基础上提出了控制夹杂物的措施,对该钢厂冷轧深冲钢的生产有一定的指导意义。     

转炉冶炼连铸45~#钢工艺的研究和实践

合肥钢铁集团有限公司第二炼钢厂针对45~#钢的特性,找出适合该厂条件的转炉冶炼-连铸45~#钢的工艺线路,提高45~#钢铸坯和钢材质量。     

浅谈水平连铸TP2紫铜管坯的工艺制度

水平连铸TP2紫铜管是铸轧法生产优质空调管坯的第一步工艺,其产品质量的好坏对最终空调管坯起决定作用。严格地按照工艺制度进行生产是为获得质量优良、稳定的铸造管坯的前提条件,水平连铸TP2铜管工艺制度主要包括铸造温度,铸造速度、冷却强度三方面,本文将对水平连铸铜管坯铸造生产过程中的三项工艺制度进行探讨。     

IF钢板坯连铸工艺优化

 通过下渣检测系统、FC结晶器、塞棒吹氩、全程保护浇注、炼钢—精炼—连铸节点控制、IF钢洁净度判定等连铸工艺的应用和优化,解决了塞棒失控、结晶器液面波动、浸入式水口堵塞、漏钢预报系统误报等问题。在板坯连铸IF钢时,取得了月均夹杂物质量分数达0.22%,增氮合格率大于等于85%,连浇炉数大于等于6炉等良好效果。     

Flow of Steel in Mold Region During Continuous Casting

 The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to study the fluid flow phenomena that occurred during continuous casting, using a water model with dimensions of 1 840 mm×280 mm. Two types of solidified shells, ie, the smooth type and the coarse type, were used to characterize the dendrite in order to simulate different liquid solid interfacial conditions. The influence of the nozzle angle and the immersion depth of nozzle, as well as the casting speed on the flow behavior was investigated quantitatively. The results were as follows: (1) There are two large recirculations above and below the fluid jet in the mold, respectively, under the smooth interface condition. However, in the case of the dendrite solidified shell, it was found that the flow velocity of the fluid decreased and more smaller vortices appeared in the upper region of the mold. (2) The angle and the immersion depth of nozzle are two important factors affecting the flow pattern, and they are also capable of bringing about the change in the flow direction. (3) The higher the casting speed, the higher are the jet stream and the impacting point on the narrow face. However, the high casting speed causes serious fluctuation of the meniscus, and correspondingly leads to various defects.     

轴承钢大方坯连铸工艺研究

针对合金大方坯连铸机生产轴承钢时存在的质量问题，在低铝洁净钢试验基础上，进行了钢液过热度、拉速及二次冷却强度对轴承钢连铸坯质量影响的研究及此钢与模铸轴承钢的质量对比试验。结果表明，采用钡合金处理钢液、低过热度，低拉速和弱冷却连铸工艺可使连铸轴承钢的疲劳寿命满足优质轴承的考核寿命要求。     

42CrMo合金结构钢大方坯连铸工艺研究与应用

攀钢采用大方坯连铸工艺生产42CrMo合金结构钢取得明显效果。简介了它所采取的转炉冶炼、LF＋RH精炼、连铸的技术方案以及试验结果。生产实践证明,铸坯表面质量良好,成分偏析度可控制在0.96～1.03,中心疏松和中心偏析均不大于1.0级,w(T.O)≤15×10-6,w(H)≤1.8×10-6。     

W9高速钢的电磁连续铸造研究

 研究了W9高速钢的电磁连续铸造工艺和铸坯的凝固组织特征,并与普通的模铸高速钢中共晶碳化物的类型和分布情况进行了比较,测定了在不同制备条件下高速钢莱氏体网的厚度和凝固冷却速度。结果表明：电磁连续铸造得到的高速钢铸坯表面光滑、振痕轻微、外观形状规整、内部组织致密无缺陷,莱氏体网明显变薄,晶粒明显细化;M2C和MC型碳化物的析出量增多,M6C型碳化物的析出量减少,合金碳化物变得细小、均匀和弥散;铸坯边部的凝固冷却速度为3.4×104 K/s,r/2处为6.5×103 K/s,心部为3.9×102 K/s,冶金质量明显优于普通模铸。     

不锈钢连铸生产中工艺因素对S EMS效率的影响

铸流电磁搅拌（S EMS）的应用是提高铁素体不锈钢产品表面质量的重要保证,但却存在诸多工艺、设备因素影响着S EMS的使用效果,使不锈钢生产厂无法得到稳定且可满足要求的板坯等轴晶率。宝钢股份不锈钢分公司在电磁搅拌冶金效果的工艺影响因素方面做了研究,初步阐述了其内在联系和机理,为铁素体不锈钢连铸生产提供了工艺方向。     

消除合金结构钢连铸过程中夹渣的研究

采用先进的测试技术,并结合现场生产试验,查清了连铸坯产生夹渣的主要原因是浸入式水口穿裂、插入深度浅、结晶器电磁搅拌强度过大,造成结晶器卷渣.其次是钢包下渣卷入钢水中,钢中氢含量高与大颗粒夹杂形成渣气孔,钙处理加入Si-Ca量大,钙侵蚀耐火材料形成mCaO·nAl2O3未上浮留在钢中.为此,采用提高耐火材料质量及合理烘烤制度,降低结晶器搅拌电流,增加浸入式水口插入深度≥120 mm,提高钢的纯净度,降低氢含量,钙处理加入Si-Ca量控制在0.25～0.35 kg/t,使合金结构钢连铸坯低倍夹渣完全消除,确保了合金结构钢铸坯的内部质量.     

结合射钉实验与数值模拟对凝固进程精确预测研究

结合大方批连铸机设备和工艺特点与要求,采用射钉法测量不同工艺条件下40CrA和GCr15两个钢种的铸坯凝固坯壳厚度,并将测量结果与数值模拟结果进行了综合验证。结果表明,结合射钉实验和数值模拟能更精确跟踪铸坯的凝固进程,为轻压下工艺提供可靠的凝固信息。     

轻压下技术在连铸中的应用

介绍了轻压下技术的冶金原理，讨论实际应用过程中几个重要工艺参数的确定，并针对连铸坯中心偏析的控制效果与传统连铸工艺进行了比较。