均相法合成丝光沸石/β沸石混晶材料的研究

以铝酸钠为铝源、硅溶胶为硅源、四乙基氢氧化胺为模板剂,通过调节β沸石晶化条件用均相法合成了丝光沸石／β沸石混晶材料。对混晶材料进行了XRD,SEM,NH3-TPD和BET表征,利用脉冲微反装置考察了在混晶材料上的甲苯烷基化反应性能。结果表明,混晶材料中存在的β沸石、丝光沸石不是呈纯粹的物理混合状态;混晶材料的孔道结构与机械混合物、β沸石、丝光沸石有所不同。由于混晶材料的高温脱附峰峰温比β沸石、机械混合物的峰温分别低6℃和10℃,而强酸酸量分别比β沸石、机械混合物大3％和7％,所以混晶材料与机械混合物、丝光沸石、β沸石相比,有较好的甲苯烷基化反应性能。以混晶材料催化的甲苯烷基化反应产物中的二甲苯收率较β沸石、机械混合物和丝光沸石为催化剂分别高27.2％,25.4％和13.6％。     

ZSM-5/丝光沸石混晶分子筛的合成、表征及性能研究

采用水热晶化法直接合成了ZSM-5／丝光沸石混晶分子筛。采用X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光度仪、吸附仪等对其结构进行了表征，还在脉冲微反和轻瓦斯油微反上评价了其裂化、异构化活性。结果表明，混晶分子筛适宜的合成条件：物料组成n(Al2O3)：n(SiO2)：n(H2O)为1：(20～50)：(700～2000)，pH为11．5～13，反应温度(T)175℃．反应时间(f)60～96h；混晶分子筛和ZSM-5与丝光沸石的机械混合分子筛在形貌和微观结构上有差别，混晶分子筛的裂化、异构化活性优于机械混合分子筛。     

小晶粒ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成及其二甲苯液相异构化性能

ZSM-5沸石分子筛是一种含有机胺离子的高硅铝比的铝硅酸盐晶体。它具有许多独特的催化性能,可应用于异构化、烷基化、歧化、芳构化、选择性裂化、油品改质等反应过程。尤其对二甲苯异构化、乙烯和苯的烷基化、甲苯歧化等反应,ZSM-5沸石具有优异的活性、选择性和稳定性,因此在国外已应用于工业生产。我们曾用乙胺、异丙胺或正丁胺作有机胺原料,添加晶种,在静止或慢速搅拌下晶化,得到 ZSM-5沸石,并对其催化活性进行     

丝光沸石合成技术进展

<正> 一、前言工业上常用的沸石分子筛有 A-、X-、Y-型、ZSM-5、毛沸石和丝光沸石等几种。丝光沸石作为吸附剂,广泛用于气体或液体混合物,包括酸性组份、碱性组份的分离过程;催化方面,用于催化裂化,正构烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃异构化,烷基化,歧化与烷基转     

正己胺导向合成长片状ZSM-5分子筛及其甲苯歧化反应性能

在正己胺体系下,采用晶种辅助法合成了系列高硅ZSM-5分子筛,通过XRD、ICP、SEM、NH_3-TPD和N_2吸附-脱附等方法对分子筛进行了表征,考察了不同形貌的ZSM-5分子筛与传统丝光沸石的甲苯歧化反应性能。与丝光沸石相比,ZSM-5分子筛在抑制C_9~+重芳烃副产物的生成上具有明显优势,是潜在的高二甲苯收率的甲苯歧化催化剂。此外,ZSM-5分子筛的形貌对甲苯歧化反应性能及产物分布有明显的影响。长片状ZSM-5分子筛(2μm×100 nm×20 nm)具有典型的短b轴结构,能有效提高(010)孔道方向的扩散性能,抑制二甲苯深度反应生成C_9~+重芳烃。相同反应条件下,与硅铝比相近的块状ZSM-5分子筛相比,长片状ZSM-5分子筛的初始甲苯转化率由46.6%提高到50.0%,产物中二甲苯含量由21.4%(w)提高到23.0%(w),且稳定性较好。     

基于Y型沸石的解聚制备ZSM-5/Y沸石催化材料

以工业NaY沸石在碱性环境下解聚形成的硅、铝物种作为ZSM-5沸石生长的部分原料,通过补加适宜的硅物种和模板剂等,成功得到了具有核-壳结构的ZSM-5/Y沸石催化材料。采用XRD、FT-IR、NH3-TPD、SEM、EDS等对合成的材料进行表征,并以异丙苯和正庚烷的催化裂化反应评价了该复合材料作为裂解催化剂的催化活性,并与对应的机械混合物比较。结果表明,ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物的形成是一个由Y型沸石向ZSM-5沸石转变的过程,后合成的ZSM-5沸石包裹Y型沸石进行生长,形成以多晶Y型沸石为核,ZSM-5沸石为壳的复合物。ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物与对应的机械混合物的性质存在显著差异,并非两种沸石的简单加和。与对应的机械混合物相比,ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物催化正庚烷裂化反应的正庚烷转化率更高,低碳烃,特别是乙烯和丙烯的选择性更高;催化异丙苯裂化时,异丙苯转化率较低,壳层的孔道结构是其主要影响因素。     

以分子筛催化剂催化的C4烷基化反应研究进展

阐述了分子筛催化剂催化的异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应的研究进展。分子筛催化剂主要包括X、Y型分子筛、β-分子筛、ZSM-5、MCM-22、丝光沸石等。讨论了分子筛催化剂的组成、制备条件、烷基化反应条件等因素对反应的选择性和转化率的影响。     

分子筛催化芳烃烷基化脱烯烃的研究

以分子筛为主要活性组分,与一定比例的γ氧化铝载体混合后制成脱烯烃催化剂,以取代污染严重的白土来脱除芳烃中微量烯烃。考察了β型分子筛、Y型分子筛、X型分子筛、丝光沸石分子筛、ZSM-5分子筛的孔径结构、钠含量、酸性对烷基化催化性能的影响,并研究了添加助剂对分子筛催化活性和寿命的影响。结果表明,分子筛经过处理制得的催化剂脱烯烃效果相对白土寿命提高10h,反应3h时的烯烃转化率较白土提高了40．5%。     

国外文摘

改性ZSM-5沸石催化剂上甲苯-甲醇 选择性烷基化 用元素周期表中的第Ⅱ主族及第Ⅷ族的二价金属元素改性H-ZSM-5沸石。用Mg、Sr、Ba、Co和Ni的金属前体浸渍氧化铝粘合剂含量为35％的H-ZSM-5使沸石得以改性。改性催化剂的结构用XRD(X射线衍射)及FTIR技术表征。用铵的温程解吸研究了沸石不同酸中心的分布及强度。测量裂化正己烷探测分子的速度常数,确认了活性布朗斯特酸中心。间二甲苯及乙基苯探测分子的标准测试反应监测了引起改性ZSM-5开孔大小减小的变化。研究了甲苯与甲醇在改性ZSM-5催化剂上选择性烷基化成对二甲苯,还考察了温度、空速(WHSV)及甲醇/     

以乙二胺为模板剂合成Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛

以乙二胺为模板剂,采用两步晶化法,在先合成ZSM-5分子筛的基础上合成出具有双微孔结构的Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛,考察了原料配比和溶液pH对合成产物的影响;采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和NH3程序升温脱附法对Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛进行了表征,并与Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物进行了比较;研究了Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,当n(S iO2)∶n(A l2O3)=20~30,pH=12.0~12.5时,可合成出Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛;Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛的结构和性能明显不同于Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物;在650℃时,Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的乙烯和丙烯选择性达40.72%,苯和甲苯选择性达27.46%。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.