聚砜-纤维素复合超滤膜材料的制备与表征

以聚砜为原材料,通过向铸膜液中混入纤维素微纳晶体,采用浸没沉淀相转化工艺制备了纤维素填充聚砜基复合超滤膜材料。通过正交试验分析了各因素对产品性能的影响并得出了制备复合超滤膜的最优条件:当聚砜质量分数为18%,添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K30)为0.3%,纤维素微纳晶体加入量为聚砜质量的15%,空气中溶剂蒸发时间为10s,然后在凝胶浴水中凝胶成形。并测定复合超滤膜的水通量、截留率、平均孔径、孔隙率、强度等一系列性能,膜的水通量为152.72L/(m²·h),截留率为93.98%,孔隙率为63.22%,平均孔径为46.03nm,膜具有良好的综合性能。     

应用膜分离技术处理压榨碱液中半纤维素的试验研究

研究了超滤膜对碱浸渍压榨液中半纤维素的截贸率及影响截留率的因素、影响超认识 半纤维素含变化的因素、超滤膜的生产能力、超滤过程的工艺条件、ＰＳ超滤膜耐碱性能。试验结果：聚砜中空纤维超滤膜能有效地截贸碱浸渍液中的半纤维素;超滤液中半纤维素浓度为１１～１２％,超滤膜对碱没有截留作用;可明显节约黄化过程ＣＳ２用量,并提高了粘胶过滤性能;超滤膜耐碱性能可满足试验条件要求。     

高截留能力中空纤维超滤膜研制

本文以聚砜为膜材料 ,通过相转换法制备中空纤维超滤膜 ,研究了制备聚砜超滤膜的制膜条件和制膜液组成对膜性能的影响。所制成中空超滤器水通量大于 35 0L/hr·atm ,截留分子量在 3千左右。     

聚砜中空纤维超滤膜制备条件的考察

考察了膜液温度，内外凝胶温度和膜液出喷丝头的剪切速度对聚砜中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响。结果表明，保持其它条件一定时，膜液温度升高或凝胶温度降低时，最终膜孔径变小，并用制膜体系三元相图进行了分析，当膜液出喷丝头的剪切速度达到某一极限值时（不同膜液体系，此极限值不同），获得了压密性能优良的聚砜中空纤维超滤膜。     

高性能聚砜中空纤维纳滤膜基膜的研制

采用干-湿法工艺制备聚砜基膜,研究了聚砜铸膜液中聚砜含量、添加剂种类、溶剂组成及含量和凝固浴温度对膜性能的影响。研究结果表明,铸膜液中聚砜含量和添加剂含量对膜性能影响较大;使用混合溶剂可有效改善膜的孔结构和提高聚砜基膜的性能;控制凝胶浴温度可以得到较高性能的基膜。通过选择最佳铸膜液组成及工艺条件,可以制备较高性能的基膜。     

聚砜超滤膜的制备及结构性能研究

实验以低分子量的PEG作为添加剂制备聚砜超滤膜,通过不同低分子量和不同含量的PEG加入,改变了膜结构性能。制膜液由聚砜(PSf)/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)/聚乙二醇(PEG)组成。通过水通量、截留率和电镜图来评价添加剂对膜的性能结构影响。     

微纳纤维素与聚砜共混体系相容性的研究

通过微纳纤维素一聚砜制膜液的水通量、截留率、黏度的测定、相分离结构分析及凝胶特性分析等,研究其共混体系的相容性.研究结果表明,一定共混比例下,微纳纤维素在聚砜制膜液中分散均匀,黏度曲线呈非线性,该共混体系为部分相容体系.当聚砜质量分数18%,添加剂为PVP K30,添加质量分数为0.3%,蒸发时间为10 s,凝胶浴为水的制膜条件下,微纳纤维素质量分数为5.%时,复合超滤膜水通量最高可达235.27 L/(m²·h),截留率达95.35%.随着凝胶浴温度升高,复合超滤膜膜孔的梯度变好.     

聚砜超滤膜表面辐照改性研究

实验以聚砜为膜材料,聚乙二醇（PEG）为添加剂,采用浸入沉淀相转化法制备聚砜平板超滤膜,然后对实验制备的聚砜膜进行紫外辐照改性,考察了辐照对聚砜膜结构和性能的影响,研究了膜辐照前后断裂强度的变化,通过表面接触角测定仪、红外分析仪（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、改性膜的水通量和截留性能等方法来表征膜辐照前后的结构和性能变化,聚砜超滤膜经紫外辐照改性取得了良好的效果。     

纤维素/聚砜复合超滤膜表征与凝胶特性

通过向聚砜铸膜液中加入微纳纤维素,以浸没沉淀相转化工艺制备微纳纤维素/聚砜复合膜材料,并对复合膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、平均孔径进行测定.采用扫描电子显微镜对膜孔结构进行观察,利用浊点滴定实验得到的三元相图对其凝胶特性进行了研究.结果表明随着微纳纤维素加入量的增大,复合膜水通量逐渐增大、截留率保持在较高的水平,孔隙率逐渐增大,平均孔径略有增加.微纳纤维素的存在,改变了铸膜液的分相途径和浊点的组成,从而影响了膜孔结构和复合膜性能.     

聚砜超滤膜表面辐照改性研究

以聚砜为膜材料,聚乙二醇（PEG）为添加剂,采用浸入沉淀相转化法制备聚砜平板超滤膜,然后对实验制备的聚砜膜进行紫外辐照改性,考察了辐照对聚砜膜结构和性能的影响,研究了膜辐照前后断裂强度的变化,通过表面接触角测定仪、红外分析仪（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、改性膜的纯水通量和截留性能等方法来表征膜辐照前后的结构和性能变化。研究表明,聚砜膜断裂强度经辐照后强度变小,但是降低幅度不大;在乙醇溶液中紫外辐照后,开始纯水通量提高而截留率降低,但降低幅度不大,时间增加到一定时通量又降低,截留率变化也不大;表面接触角随辐照时间的增长而减小,表明改性后膜表面的亲水性得到明显改善;通过FTIR分析证实在聚砜膜表面产生了新的官能团;SEM实验证实反应只发生在聚砜膜的表面而非膜内部。聚砜超滤膜经紫外辐照改性取得了良好的效果。     

Preparation of Nonstoichiometric Silica with Multi-Active Groups and Effect of Its Doping on Polysulfone Membrane Capabilities

Nonstoichiometric silica with multi-active groups particles (NS-MAG particles) were first synthesized, and then added to the porous matrix of PSF to prepare a NS-MAG/PSF composite membrane through a phase inversion process. The optimum preparation conditions of NS-MAG particles were researched and determined. Then the permeation fluxes of NS-MAG/PSF membranes with different doping amount of NS-MAG particles were tested. NS-MAG/PSF membrane, SiO₂/PSF membrane, and PSF membrane were prepared respectively. These membranes were characterized by testing the tensile strength and the permeation flux. The results show that doping NS-MAG particles can better enhance the tensile strength and permeation flux of PSF membrane.     

聚砜非织造布复合膜的制备及其空气过滤性能

为改善非织造布材料的空气过滤性能,采用相转换方法制备了聚砜(PSF)/非织造布复合膜.通过改变PSF、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的质量分数和添加无机亲水纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)的方法,研究了各个参数变化对PSF/非织造布复合膜的影响.对复合膜透气量、过滤效率、孔径等进行了测试分析.结果表明:随着PSF质量分数的增加,复合...     

Polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite membranes for pervaporation separation of ethanol/water solution

Polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber membranes were spun by phase‐inversion method from 29 wt % solids of 29 : 65 : 6 PSF/NMP/glycerol and 29 : 64 : 7 PSF/DMAc/glycol using 93.5 : 6.5 NMP/water and 94.5 : 5.5 DMAc/water as bore fluids, respectively, while the external coagulant was water. Polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared after PSF hollow fiber membranes were coated using different PVA aqueous solutions, which were composed of PVA, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO₉), maleic acid (MAC), and water. Two coating methods (dip coating and vacuum coating) and different heat treatments were discussed. The effects of hollow fiber membrane treatment methods, membrane structures, ethanol solution temperatures, and MAC/PVA ratios on the pervaporation performance of 95 wt % ethanol/water solution were studied. Using the vacuum‐coating method, the suitable MAC/PVA ratio was 0.3 for the preparation of PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane with the sponge‐like membrane structure. Its pervaporation performance was as follows: separation factor (α) was 185 while permeation flux (J) was 30g/m²·h at 50°C. Based on the experimental results, it was found that separation factor (α) of PVA/PSF composite membrane with single finger‐void membrane structure was higher than that with the sponge‐like membrane structure. Therefore, single finger‐void membrane structure as the supported membrane was more suitable than sponge‐like membrane structure for the preparation of PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 247–254, 2005     

Zirconia and titania composite membranes for liquid phase separation: preparation and characterization

Crack-free tubular TiO₂/ZrO₂ composite ceramic membranes on ZrO₂ supports have been successfully synthesized from colloidal titania sols by the sol-gel technique. The pore sizes of the prepared membrane were mainly controlled by the sol properties and the calcination conditions. The influence of different parameters such as additives and solvents on the hydrolysis and polycondensation properties of the sols was studied by DTA–TG and viscosity measurements. The TiO₂/ZrO₂ composite ceramic membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Composite membrane permeability and rejection properties were also investigated. The results proved that the range of composite membrane flux and retention could be controlled by controlling the amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG in titania sol systems was suitable for use as an organic additive to fabricate crack-free composite membranes. The larger the amount of PEG added to the precursor solution, the larger the size and number of pores produced in the prepared membranes when the PEG was completely combusted during heat-treatment. By controlling the amount of PEG added to the precursor solution, TiO₂/ZrO₂ composite ceramic membranes with different pore sizes were prepared, which can be used in photocatalytic membrane reactors and applied in liquid–liquid or liquid–solid separation in future research.     

Extrusion processing of green biocomposites: Compounding,fibrillation efficiency,and fiber dispersion

The efficiency of twin‐screw extrusion process to fibrillate cellulose fibers into micro/nanosize in the same step as the compounding of green bionanocomposites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with 10 wt % fibers was examined. The effect of the processing setup on micro/nanofibrillation and fiber dispersion/distribution in starch was studied using two types of cellulose fibers: bleached wood fibers and TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose fibers. A composite with cellulose nanofibers was prepared to examine the nanofiber distribution and dispersion in the starch and to compare the properties with the composites containing cellulose fibers. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy showed that fibers were not nanofibrillated in the extrusion, but good dispersion and distribution of fibers in the starch matrix was obtained. The addition of cellulose fibers enhanced the mechanical properties of the TPS. Moisture uptake study revealed that the material containing TEMPO‐oxidized fibers had higher moisture absorption than the other composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39981.     

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate-polysulfone blend microfiltration membrane for separation of microbial cells from lactic acid fermentation broth

This work is focused on synthesis and characterization of a polymer blend microfiltration membrane for separation of microbial cells from lactic acid fermentation broth in a continuous process. The membranes were prepared by blending hydrophilic cellulose diacetate (CA) polymer with hydrophobic polysulfone (PSF) polymer in wet phase inversion method. Polymers were blended in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent (70 wt.%) where polyethylene glycol was added as a pore former. The membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, flux and microbial separation capability. The best prepared membrane with PSF/CA weight ratio of 25/75 yielded a pure water flux of 1830 LMH (liter/m² h) and a fermentation broth flux of 1430 LMH at around 1.5 bar TMP (trans-membrane pressure). The membrane was successful in complete retention of microbial cells from the broth in a continuous crossflow membrane module integrated with the fermentor.     

Air separation characteristics with liquid crystalline alkyl cellulose blend thin-film composite membranes

Composite membranes were made of liquid crystalline triheptyl cellulose (THC)/ethyl cellulose (EC) blends as dense thin films and poly(ether sulfone) (PES) or polysulfone (PSF) as porous support layer. The effects of the composite membrane composition and operating conditions on the air separation characteristics of oxygenenriched air (OEA) permeating through the membranes were studied using a constant pressure-variable volume method. The flux (OEA) through the membranes decreases slightly and the oxygen concentration in the OEA permeated increases with increasing THC content in the thin film from 4 to 15 wt.-%. The OEA flux increases significantly with decreasing thin-film thickness or increasing operating temperature and transmembrane pressure difference. The oxygen concentration in the OEA increases with increasing the thin-film thickness or the pressure difference but decreases slightly with increasing the operating temperature. There is no regular variation in the air separation properties by changing the support from PES to PSF. In long-term tests, the air separation properties remained almost constant for as long as 800 h. An OEA flux of 1.0–1.9·10^-3 cm³ (STP)/s·cm² containing 34.8–39.4 vol.-% oxygen can be attained at 30–55°C and 0.41–0.49 MPa pressure difference in a single pass through the membranes. The OEA flux is much higher for the thin-film composite membranes than for the homogeneous dense membranes made of the same materials.     

Characteristics of the nanofiltration composite membranes based on PVA and sodium alginate

Chemically stable nanofiltration (NF) composite membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) (hereafter, these membranes are called PVA/SA composite membranes) were prepared by coating microporous polysulfone (PSF) supports with dilute PVA/SA blend solutions. The PSF supports were pretreated with small monomeric compounds to reduce their pore size and to improve their hydrophilicity before coating with the PVA/SA blend solutions. The concentration of the PVA/SA blend solutions ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 wt %. The membranes prepared in this study were characterized with various methods such as SEM, FTIR, permeation tests, and z‐potential measurements. Especially, chemical stabilities of the membranes were tested, using three aqueous solutions with different pHs such as a HCl solution (pH 1), a K₂CO₃ solution (pH 12.5), and a NaOH solution (pH 13). Their chemical stabilities were compared with that of a polyamide (PA) composite membrane prepared from piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). In this study, it was found that the PVA/SA composite membranes prepared showed not only good chemical stabilities but also good permeation performances in the range from pH 1 to 13. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2471–2479, 2001     

醋酸纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜制备与性能优化

为拓展醋酸纤维素(CA)在可降解包装材料中的应用,采用溶液共混法制备了醋酸纤维素(CA)和壳聚糖(CS)复合膜,研究了CS含量对CA/CS二元复合膜性能的影响。通过观察并分析复合膜的形貌、断面结构、化学键发现,CS能够充分结合膜内外的孔隙结构,两者之间强烈的相互作用增强了复合膜的各项性能。性能测试结果表明,当CS含量为10%时,复合膜的力学性能达到最大,断裂伸长率及抗拉强度分别增加12.37%和38.62 MPa,降解损失率提高了50.14%。同时,抑制了大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,抗菌率最高能够达到73.9%和54.6%。因此,CS在提高CA膜的力学性能和降解性能的同时,还赋予了复合膜优异的抗菌性。