微量碲对38MnVS6钢中MnS夹杂物塑性变形的影响

摘要：为探究微量碲改质对钢中硫化物塑性变形的影响机制,对38MnVS6非调质钢中MnS夹杂物进行了微量碲改质工业试验,并探讨了碲对钢中MnS夹杂物的改质机制和塑性变形行为的影响。结果表明,微量碲改质能明显降低试验钢铸坯中硫化物的长宽比,碲改质后不同变形量的轧材中硫化物评级亦有所改善;钢中碲主要固溶于MnS,形成Mn(S,Te)固溶夹杂物,当碲浓度达到析出过饱和度时,以MnTe形式析出于MnS表面并形成MnS MnTe夹杂物;碲良好的硫化物形态调控效果是由于形成显微硬度更高、相对塑性更低的Mn(S,Te)夹杂物;而夹杂物在大变形量轧制条件下的真应变增幅减小导致碲改质后试样中夹杂物的相对塑性反而有所增加;长条状硫化物夹杂在轧制时可能发生先碎化再经历Ostwald熟化的过程。     

碲处理控制Y15易切削钢中MnS夹杂物形貌

 为了研究碲对钢中MnS夹杂物形貌的影响,针对Y15高硫易切削钢,利用SEM-EDS扫面电镜,结合FactSage热力学计算,分析了不同碲质量分数对钢中MnS夹杂物形貌、尺寸、长宽比的影响,同时探讨了稀散金属碲对MnS夹杂物形貌控制的机理。研究结果表明,钢液中加碲后,在MnS夹杂物的外环形成了碲、锰、铁的复合相。钢中加碲后MnS夹杂物的形貌和分布大幅度改变,当碲硫比为0.05时,链状MnS夹杂物大幅度减少,球状MnS夹杂物数量增加;当碲硫比增加到0.2时,链状MnS夹杂物基本消失;当碲硫比增加到0.5时,MnS夹杂物形貌的变化不再明显。钢中加碲显著降低了MnS夹杂物的长宽比,控制MnS夹杂物长宽比最合适的碲硫比为0.2。FactSage计算结果表明,MnTe的生成温度为1 900 ℃,在MnS的析出温度下,MnTe是作为液态夹杂物存在的。在凝固过程中,MnTe和MnS发生固溶现象,由于MnTe为液态,两者形成的固溶体会趋于球形生长。     

碲处理含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe夹杂物的演变

通过实验室加热试验和热力学计算研究了碲处理含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe夹杂物的演变,得出含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe类夹杂物变化的规律与机理。随着钢中碲含量和Te/S质量比的升高,MnS-MnTe类夹杂物的平均直径增大,平均长径比降低。加热处理后,钢中MnS和MnTe充分生长和析出,碲处理对MnS夹杂物的改性效果相比起热处理前更为明显。随着钢中Te/S质量比的增大,夹杂物的平均直径更大、数密度更低、面积分数更高。随着钢中Te/S质量比的升高,MnS-MnTe类夹杂物中树枝状的Ⅱ类比例降低,球形的I类和块状的Ⅲ类比例升高。在当前试验条件下,当钢中Te/S质量比达到0.33时,钢中MnS开始析出温度低于钢液开始凝固温度,有利于抑制共晶反应中在晶界处Ⅱ类MnS的生成。当Te/S质量比大于1.35后,钢中出现较多球形的纯MnTe夹杂物。     

碲处理含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe夹杂物的演变

通过实验室加热试验和热力学计算研究了碲处理含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe夹杂物的演变,得出含硫钢加热过程中MnS-MnTe类夹杂物变化的规律与机理。随着钢中碲含量和Te/S质量比的升高,MnS-MnTe类夹杂物的平均直径增大,平均长径比降低。加热处理后,钢中MnS和MnTe充分生长和析出,碲处理对MnS夹杂物的改性效果相比起热处理前更为明显。随着钢中Te/S质量比的增大,夹杂物的平均直径更大、数密度更低、面积分数更高。随着钢中Te/S质量比的升高,MnS-MnTe类夹杂物中树枝状的Ⅱ类比例降低,球形的I类和块状的Ⅲ类比例升高。在当前试验条件下,当钢中Te/S质量比达到0.33时,钢中MnS开始析出温度低于钢液开始凝固温度,有利于抑制共晶反应中在晶界处Ⅱ类MnS的生成。当Te/S质量比大于1.35后,钢中出现较多球形的纯MnTe夹杂物。     

碲处理改善汽车曲轴用非调质钢38MnVS6硫化物形貌的研究

为研究碲元素对汽车曲轴用非调质钢38MnVS6硫化物形貌的影响,在冶炼过程中喂入70 m的Mn-Te线,加入0.012%Te,通过金相显微镜及扫描电镜对Φ380 mm连铸圆坯及Φ105 mm热轧圆钢的非金属夹杂物进行研究。研究发现,硫化物的形态在连铸坯横向与纵向的形态相同;MnS与MnTe形成共晶化合物,MnTe的存在改变了MnS的析出形态,可以使硫化物形态向短杆甚至椭球态转变,整体长度尺寸变小,平均长度由45μm缩短为15μm;加入0.012%Te后,MnTe与MnS两种夹杂物发生固溶,轧材夹杂物与铸坯相似,而未Te处理的圆钢硫化物随轧制的方向被明显的拉长。     

硫系、碲系、铅系易切削钢组织及硫化物对比分析

易切削钢中的夹杂物和组织是影响其切削性能的重要因素,为开发环保型无铅易切削钢,并探究其与含铅易切削钢中组织及硫化物的差异,采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对1215MS(硫系)、1215Te(碲系)及12L14(铅系)易切削钢中基体组织和硫化物夹杂进行了对比观察与统计分析,结合非水溶液电解法分析了Pb、Te两种元素对钢中夹杂物形貌的影响。结果表明:3种易切削钢基体中组织均为铁素体、珠光体;碲能降低MnS夹杂物长宽比,其长宽比在1~3之间的比例为57%,高于硫系易切削钢1215MS的40%以及铅系易切削钢12L14的33%;碲在易切削钢中生成MnTe,使轧制后的MnS的形貌趋于球状、椭球状、纺锤状,改质作用显著,而铅在易切削钢中以铅单质存在,对硫化物的改质效果有限。     

Evolution of MnS inclusions in Ti-bearing X80 pipeline steel

Studies show that manganese sulfide(MnS)inclusions in pipeline steel affect the lateral performance of steel in its rolling deformation,as well as the hydrogen-induced cracking and sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance performance.To inhibit the precipitation of MnS and its effect on pipeline steel,a quenching experiment and a diffusion couple experiment,which investigated the evolution of MnS inclusions in Ti-bearing X80 pipeline steel,were conducted.The experimental results show that the transformation of the MnS inclusions during solidification is as follows:MnS→titanium sulfide(TiS)→Ti_4C_2S_2.The transition temperatures of MnS to TiS and TiS to Ti_4C_2S_2 are 1 673 and 1 273 K,respectively,and the overall size of the sulfide decreased as well.Thermodynamic calculation results confirm that the transition temperatures of MnS to TiS and TiS to Ti_4C_2S_2 are 1 623 and 1 203 K,respectively.When the sulfur content in the X80 pipeline steel is 0.001 5%,all the sulfur in the steel can be converted into Ti_4C_2S_2 with a titanium content of more than 0.02%.     

碲处理对15-5PH钢中硫化物夹杂改性的作用

155PH沉淀硬化不锈钢具有优良的机械加工性能,而钢中夹杂物可以对其性能造成显著影响.在加工时,长条状的硫化物夹杂往往会导致含硫钢的横向性能下降,呈现出明显的各向异性,进而导致材料因断裂而失效.为了研究碲处理对钢中硫化物形貌的影响,利用高温试验、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)及统计方法,研究了碲处理对15-5PH钢...     

碲处理对20CrMnTi齿轮钢中MnS夹杂物改性效果

 为了研究碲处理对钢中MnS夹杂物形貌的影响,利用SEM-EDS扫描电镜,研究了20CrMnTi钢中添加高纯碲粉后MnS夹杂物的改性效果。试验结果表明,碲处理使钢中夹杂物的平均长宽比由3.17降至1.83,球化效果较为明显;当碲硫比控制在0.33时,不同硫含量的钢中夹杂物形貌有明显差异,硫质量分数为0.21%的钢中,形成了MnS镶嵌在碲化物中的大型夹杂,而在硫质量分数为0.11%的钢中,形成了碲化物包裹MnS的复合夹杂;当碲硫比为3.21时,发现钢中出现了单独存在的高碲相,MnS外层的碲化物层也较厚,改性率仅为8.75%,这表明高碲硫比并不能提高硫化物改性的数量。     

Morphological Differences of MnS Inclusions in Medium-Carbon Steel with Different Manganese and Sulfur Contents

The morphology of MnS inclusion is one of the key elements influencing the machinability of steel. Herein, it is shown in the thermodynamic analysis results that the interaction coefficient causes a 1.2% deviation for the precipitation of MnS in low-sulfur-content steel (S1), while the deviation is 14% in high-sulfur steel (S2), and the content of C and Si is the main element causing the deviation. The microstructure of medium-carbon steel is mainly pearlite and ferrite. The increase of manganese and sulfur content leads to the decrease of ferrite content and increase of pearlite content. Almost all MnS inclusions in S1 are polyhedral, while S2 contains spherelike, cluster, and polyhedral MnS inclusions. Manganese and sulfur mainly affect the nucleation rate of MnS inclusion, where the number density of MnS in S2 is higher than that in S1, which increases the probability of viscous sintering of MnS inclusions in S2, and form spherelike- and rodlike-polycrystalline MnS particles. Polyhedron inclusions are mostly octahedron, and it is the final equilibrium morphology of sulfide in S1 and S2.     

低碳含碲硫易切削钢的研究与实践

通过合理的化学成分、钢水全氧含量、w(Mn)/w(S)、w(Te)/w(S)及加热温度的设计与控制,成功开发出一种环保型含碲硫1214Te易切削钢,并进行了工艺实践。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪对1214Te盘圆及1215MS盘圆硫化物夹杂进行观察分析发现,1214Te轧材中硫化物夹杂多数呈纺锤形或椭球形, 1215MS轧材中硫化物夹杂多数呈长条状。在相同切削条件下,1214Te轧材的断屑效果优于1215MS轧材,且切削加工后的1214Te轧材表面粗糙度降低。     

中高硫钢中硫化锰夹杂物控制技术

 近年来,随着制造业的不断升级发展,对节能环保的要求越来越高,对于一些用于复杂零部件制造的钢种,为了降低在制造加工过程中的能耗,通常向钢中加入易切削元素(硫、碲、铅)来改善其切削加工性能。添加一定的硫是目前最常用的改善手段。硫在钢中主要以MnS形式存在,其形貌及分布控制水平对钢材力学性能有重要影响。对于中高硫钢,硫化锰属于塑性夹杂,在析出过程中易发生聚集长大,并且容易在轧制过程中沿拉轧方向变形,成为大尺寸长条状,这类大尺寸MnS会严重破坏材料的横向性能。为保证中高硫钢的钢材性能,需要对钢中MnS夹杂的形貌及分布进行控制,目标是避免大尺寸MnS的产生,尽可能得到细小、均匀分布的纺锤状MnS夹杂。MnS夹杂控制是一个系统的问题,必须联系整个工艺流程进行。总结了部分合金元素、工艺参数对MnS夹杂析出的影响规律,并综述了近年来在整个生产流程中的MnS夹杂控制实践,包括精炼过程的改性处理、复合析出控制,凝固过程控制和控轧控冷控制,并指出,对于如非调质易切削钢等中高硫钢中的MnS形貌及分布控制,如何将实验室研究成果落实于工业生产是广大研究者未来共同努力的方向。     

MnS precipitation in association with manganese silicate inclusions in Si/Mn deoxidized steel

When manganese silicate inclusions were formed during cooling from 1600 °C, manganese and sulfur contents in the manganese silicate inclusions were much lower than their equilibrium values within the steel matrix, i.e., the steel matrix was supersaturated with Mn and S against the inclusions. The formation of a Mn-depleted zone around an inclusion and the precipitation of a MnS phase on the inclusion were greatly affected by the thermal history of the steel. Slow cooling helped the formation of both the Mn-depleted zone and the MnS phase on the inclusion, but fast cooling suppressed it. Subsequent isothermal holding at 1200 °C diminished the existing Mn-depleted zone in slow-cooled steel, but created a Mn-depleted zone for fast-cooled steel. The mass transfer within an inclusion was sluggish, and the formation of a MnS phase is due to the local saturation of Mn and S at the outer part of an inclusion. It was suggested that the major factors affecting the formation of the Mn-depleted zone and the MnS phase are the cooling rate, isothermal holding, and the sulfide capacity of the inclusion.     

硫含量对重轨钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

摘要：实际生产过程中由于原料和操作控制不精确,钢中硫含量和非金属夹杂物波动较大,严重影响钢的洁净度。为了准确控制重轨钢中硫化锰等非金属夹杂物的尺寸、形态和数量,在实验室开展了硫含量对重轨钢中非金属夹杂物的影响研究。钢中硫质量分数增至70×10-6、110×10-6、140×10-6后随炉冷却,采用全自动夹杂物分析仪对钢中非金属夹杂物进行统计,获得了硫含量与钢中非金属夹杂物成分、尺寸、形态和数量的关系。结果表明,钢中夹杂物大部分为以氧化物为形核核心的复合型MnS;随着硫含量的升高,复合型MnS、MnO-SiO2和MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO型夹杂增多,CaO-SiO2和MgO-CaO-SiO2夹杂减少;夹杂物平均尺寸随硫含量的升高而增大,且不同尺寸的夹杂物均有所增加,尺寸为2~10μm增多最明显;硫质量分数为(70~140)×10-6的钢液凝固过程液相中都能单独析出MnS,且硫含量越高,MnS析出越早,含量越多。     

Effect of sulfur content on non metallic inclusions of heavy rail steel

Due to the inaccurate control of raw materials and operation in the actual production process, the sulfur content and non-metallic inclusions in the steel fluctuate greatly, which seriously affects the cleanliness of steel. To accurately control the size, shape and quantity of non-metallic inclusions such as manganese sulfide in heavy rail steel, the effect of sulfur content on non-metallic inclusions in heavy rail steel was studied in the laboratory. To investigate the changes of the number and morphology of non-metallic inclusions in steel under different sulfur contents, the sulfur content of test steel was increased to 70×10-6, 110×10-6 and 140×10-6, respectively. During the experiment, the test steel was heated and melted in a tubular furnace according to a certain heating rule, and then cooled naturally in the furnace. Subsequently, the non metallic inclusions in steel were scanned by automatic inclusions analyzer, and the relationship between sulfur content and the composition, size, form and quantity of non-metallic inclusions in steel was obtained. The results indicate that most of the inclusions in the steel are composite MnS with oxides as nucleating cores. With the increase of sulfur content, the quantity density of composite MnS, MnO-SiO2 and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO inclusions increase, while the CaO-SiO2 and MgO-CaO-SiO2 inclusions decrease. The average size of inclusions increases with the increase of sulfur content, and the number of inclusions with different sizes also increases, especially for inclusions with sizes of 2-10μm which increase obviously. During solidification, MnS can be separated from molten steel with sulfur content of (70-140)×10-6. In addition, the higher the sulfur content is, the earlier MnS inclusions precipitate and the more the MnS content is.     

高硫硅钢硫化物析出行为及其微观组织和电磁性能变化#br#

为了探究高硫硅钢中的硫化物析出行为及其对钢的微观组织和电磁性能的影响,以便为工业化生产制定更为合理的硫含量控制标准,和采取更为有效措施以减轻炼钢生产的硫含量控制压力,结合0.25 %Si无取向硅钢,采用非水溶液电解提取+扫描电镜/透射电镜观察相结合的方法,研究了质量分数为0.006 8 %,0.010 2 %,0.025 5 %和0.035 3 %的硫含量条件下,钢中硫化物夹杂物的组成和存在形式,及其形貌、种类、尺寸、数量变化,以及相应的热轧、成品试样的微观组织和电磁性能变化。结果表明,随着钢中硫含量的增加,钢中的硫化物逐渐由MnS→MnS+Cu2S→Cu2S转变,数量逐渐增多,尺寸向高、低两个方向发展。相应的,导致了热轧再结晶组织的劣化和抑制了成品晶粒尺寸的长大。随着钢中硫含量的增加,钢的磁感、铁损劣化程度逐渐增大。钢中硫的质量分数平均每增加0.01 %,相应的,涡流损耗、磁滞损耗分别会劣化0.24 W/kg和0.41 W/kg,而磁感会劣化0.009 T。但是,在硫的质量分数为0.010 2 %时,铁损可以低于6.0 W/kg,而在硫的质量分数为0.025 5 %时,磁感可以高于1.75 T。据此,为设计更合理的硫含量控制标准提供了技术参考,在电磁性能满足高端用户市场需求的前提下,可以大幅度降低炼钢生产制造成本和提高炼钢生产效率。     

Te对46MnVS非调质钢中硫化物改质的工业实践

在Φ480 mm铸坯轧至Φ38 mm材的46MnVS钢中含0.0059％ Te(Te/S=0.098)钢MnS夹杂物平均等效直径和平均面积分别较未加Te(0Te)钢增大27％和72％,长宽比为1～3的球状或椭球状夹杂物数量增加了21％,硫化物评级由细系3.0级改质为细系2.0级;Te会固溶于MnS中形成(Mn,Te)S...     

钢中氮含量对含硫齿轮钢硫化物影响的试验

某钢厂齿轮钢20CrMnTi(质量分数/%:0.17~0.23C,0.17~0.37Si,0.80~1.00Mn,0.025~0.035S,0.004~0.08Ti,1.10~1.25Cr)的生产工艺流程为90 t LD-LF-RH-CCM-150 mm×150 mm方坯连铸。通过热力学计算得到钢中的MnS和TiN均在液相线和固相线之间析出。试验研究钢中含不同氮含量情况下,钢中硫化物和氮化钛具有相互结合的变性效果。试验结果表明,当钢中氮质量分数约为0.005 5%时,TiN优先于MnS析出,钢中更多的硫化物夹杂以氮化钛为形核核心,形成硫化锰和氮化钛复合夹杂物,从而改善A类夹杂物尺寸和形貌,A类夹杂物呈短小、均匀分散分布态势,按GB/T 10561评定达到1.5级。     

FeS-MnS phase relationships in the presence of excess iron

The FeS-MnS system is reexamined, both with and without excess iron. When excess iron is present, as is true for sulfide inclusions within steel, the pseudobinary reveals a peritectic rather than the previously assumed eutectic invariant. The maximum solubility limits (997 ± 3°C, or 1270 K) in the two solid phases are: a) 7.5 wt pct MnS in FeS, and b) 73.5 wt pct FeS in MnS. The peritectic liquid contains 66 wt pct Fe, ∼34 wt pct S, and ∼0.4 wt pct Mn. The two solid sulfide phases are nearly stoichiometric in the presence of excess iron; the Fe-richer sulfide is metal-deficient in the absence of a metallic iron phase. Based on this study, it is possible to be more specific than heretofore about the Fe-FeS-MnS-Mn region of the Fe-Mn-S ternary. In addition to the presence of a peritectic, it was concluded that the miscibility gap does not cross the univariant line between primary metal and (Mn,Fe)S phases. The peritectic liquid and the Mn-richer solid sulfide equilibrate with a metal containing ≤ 0.36 wt pct Mn. These data help explain the Mn/s ratios required to avoid hot-shortness in regular and resulfurized plain-carbon steels. G. S. MANN, formerly Graduate Student This is a part of the dissertation submitted by G. S. Mann for his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan     

A Coupled Thermodynamic Model for Prediction of Inclusions Precipitation during Solidification of Heat-resistant Steel Containing Cerium

A coupled thermodynamic model of inclusions precipitation both in liquid and solid phase and microsegregation of solute elements during solidification of heat-resistant steel containing cerium was established.Then the model was validated by the SEM analysis of the industrial products.The type and amount of inclusions in solidification structure of 253 MA heat-resistant steel were predicted by the model,and the valuable results for the inclusions controlling in 253 MA steel were obtained.When the cerium addition increases,the types of inclusions transform from SiO2 and MnS to Ce2O3 and Ce2O2S in 253 MA steel and the precipitation temperature of SiO2 and MnS decreases.The inclusions CeS and CeN convert to Ce2O3 and Ce2O2S as the oxygen content increases and Ce2O3 and CeN convert to Ce2O2 S,Ce3S4,and MnS as the sulfur content increases.The formation temperature of SiO2 increases when the oxygen content increases and the MnS precipitation temperature increases when the sulfur content increases.There is only a small quantity of inclusions containing cerium in 253 MA steel with high cleanliness,i.e.,low oxygen and sulfur contents.By contrast,a mass of SiO2,MnS and Ce2O2 S are formed in steel when the oxygen and sulfur contents are high enough.The condition that MnS precipitates in 253 MA steel is 1.2 w[O]+w[S]0.01%and SiO2 precipitates when 2 w[O]+w[S]0.017%(w[S]0.005%)and w[O]0.006%(w[S]0.005%).