以德治国思想对中国传统文化的继承与超越

文章指出：以德治国的提出是社会主义市场经济健康发展的客观需要。它继承了中国传统文化的精华，又超越了中国传统文化的局限，从而使以德治国思想与依法治国思想有机结合了起来。     

浅谈“以学生为中心”推进教学改革

推进教学改革必须改革传统教学模式,改变以教师为中心、以教材为中心和以课堂为中心的"三中心"教学制度,建立"以学生为中心"的教学模式。     

历史教学中“以学生为本”的探索与实践

课堂是教学活动的主渠道,也是培养学生创造能力的主战场,教师只有抓住课堂教学这个重要的环节,真正地让学生成为课堂教学的主体,才会使学生的创造能力得到培养。那么,在历史教学中为何坚持以"学生为本"?如何坚持"以学生为本"?就此进行论述。     

注重辅导员工作中的“以德治班”的管理

高等学校辅导员作为一个班级的组织者、指导者和促进者和管理者,作为学校对学生进行政治思想教育教育工作和管理工作的重要助手和骨干力量,是德育工作的主要实施者,“以德治班”是当今高校辅导员工作中的主旋律。     

浅谈如何“以生为本”，做好班级管理工作

“以人为本”是一种适应未来管理发展趋势的科学理念,“以人为本”应用在班主任班级管理工作中便是以生为本。以生为本的教育理念倡导师生平等,尊重学生之间的共性和个性差异。对班主任的工作提出了新的要求,班主任工作应该怎样在继承和发扬优良传统的基础上,按照以生为本的要求,做好学生管理共组是班主任一直在探索的问题。这里,笔者结合多年的班主任班级管理经验,基于“以生为本”的视角,对班主任管理班级做出一些思考,提出几点建议。     

浅谈“以用户为中心”的产品设计原则

设计的目的在于努力通过设计活动来提高人们的生活质量,为人们带来便利,促进整个人类社会的进化。以用户为中心的设计强调把人的因素放在首位。本文通过分析以用户为中心的设计原则的具体要求从而提出实施的方法与手段,并考虑执行过程中的影响因素,寻求以用户为中心的设计原则在产品设计中的合理定位。     

中国金属导体“以铝节铜”前景

“以铝节铜”是国际性趋势,进程各国有所不同,但只能是渐进式的。我国铝和铝合金在电力电缆上的应用与国外有较大差距,铝合金在架空线路上的应用尚有较大提升空间。铜包铝导体的应用有所发展,有关标准正在报批或制订之中,有待在使用中进一步考验,但回收时的铜、铝分离尚未找到具有技术经济效果的方法。铝包钢线近些年市场旺盛,生产日趋成熟,铝漆包线的生产近些年已有增长,通信领域的“光进铜退”将毫无悬念地继续推进。飞机上的“以铝节铜”已有实质性的进展。废杂铜和电工用废铝直接再生利用对节能环保具有重要意义。全国建立废旧铜、铝线的回收网络已势在必行。     

“以梁代柱法”在钢结构支架改移中的技术应用

在扩建项目中,由于新工程的需要,会出现对既有设备进行改造的现象,既有钢结构通廊多是以钢柱为支撑,通廊为多跨结构,但是由于新项目的建设,必须将起支撑作用的钢柱去掉,用钢梁取而代之,既满足下部空间的需要,又能支撑上部结构。     

“以学生为中心”混合教学模式的探索与实践

探索\"以学生为中心\"的混合教学模式,突破传统教学局限,提高研究生教学效果,促进复合应用型人才培养。分析了传统教学现状与不足,以北京印刷学院机电工程学院2019级研究生开设的《印刷包装装备智能制造》课程教学为例,一方面根据教学过程探讨了\"线上线下结合\"各为主次的教学方法;另一方面开展了学生自组织和交叉轮换角色混合研讨活动。构建起一套评估教学质量的评价机制,完成个人学习研讨报告和小论文49份,其中3篇论文被行业期刊录用,申请专利2件,3名学生获得年度一等学业奖学金。由此,\"以学生为中心\"的混合教学模式有效弥补了传统教学弊端,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了研究生对行业的了解和科研能力,具有一定的应用推广价值。     

“以赛促教，以赛促学”在高校专业课程实践教学模式改革中的探索——以民办高校艺术设计类专业为例

我国高校教学改革以提升教学质量为主要方向,艺术设计类专业以专业人才实训能力、实践技能与职业素养培养为关键内容。基于此背景,对民办高校学生特点、师资特征与校内实训实践基地软硬件设施建设现状等内容展开分析,总结了“以赛促教,以赛促学”对民办高校艺术设计类专业教学的意义,探索民办高校艺术设计类专业“以赛促教,以赛促学”实践教学改革的具体内容与实施途径,并进一步对教改实施过程中拟解决问题进行解析,以期对提高人才培养质量起到促进作用。     

正确区别教师的职业道德与违法行为

从师德和法律这两个不同的概念入手,剖析现实教学中存在的种种负面行为,这些行为中有违反 道德和违反法律之分.在加强师德教育的同时,应该加强法治教育,应该知道遵守法律是每个公民应尽的义 务,你首先是个好公民,你才可能是个好教师.从这个意义上说,加强师德教育,守法是基础.     

认识水泵、风机的相似定理

以"系统思考"的理念分析了水泵、风机的相似定理,指出容入系统中的水泵、风机的性能要发生本质的变化.对水泵、风机全相似的要求也是对水路或风路系统的要求,只有用"系统思考"的理念才能深刻理解水泵、风机的相似定理.     

Nonequilibrium entropy and the second law of thermodynamics: A simple illustration

The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to examine how the concepts of extended irreversible thermodynamics are related to the notion of accompanying equilibrium state introduced by Kestin; second, to compare the behavior of both the classical local equilibrium entropy and that used in extended irreversible thermodynamics. Whereas the former does not show a monotonie increase, the latter exhibits a steady increase during the heat transfer process; therefore it is more suitable than the former one to cope with the approach to equilibrium in the presence of thermal waves.Paper dedicated to Professor Joseph Kestin.     

A program for identifying the form of the distribution law of random quantities and their modeling

A program for identifying the form of the distribution law of a random quantity is described. The dependence of the optimum number of intervals when constructing histograms from a volume of the sample (10–100,000) and of the kurtosis (in the limits 2–9.65) is determined by computer modeling. Using 50 different functions, the program can also model random quantities with unimodal and bimodal distribution laws. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 9–14, May, 2007.     

Energy band alignment at interfaces of semiconducting oxides: A review of experimental determination using photoelectron spectroscopy and comparison with theoretical predictions by the electron affinity rule, charge neutrality levels, and the common anion rule

The energy band alignment at interfaces of semiconducting oxides is of direct relevance for the electrical function of electronic devices made with such materials. The most important quantities of the interface determined by band alignment are the barrier heights for charge transport given by the Fermi level position at the interface and the band discontinuities. Different models for predicting energy band alignment are available in literature. These include the vacuum level alignment (electron affinity rule), branch point or charge neutrality level alignment governed by induced gap states, and an alignment based on the orbital contributions to the density of states (common anion rule). The energy band alignment at interfaces of conducting oxides, which have been experimentally determined using photoelectron spectroscopy with in situ sample preparation, are presented. The materials considered include transparent conducting oxides like In₂O₃, SnO₂, ZnO, and Cu₂O, dielectric and ferroelectric perovskites like (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ and Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃, and insulators like Al₂O₃. Interface formation with different contact partners including metals, conducting and insulating oxides are addressed. The discussion focuses on the energy band alignment between different oxides. A good estimate of the band alignment is derived by considering the density of states of the materials involved.     

金属材料裂纹扩展Paris律的模拟方法与应用

结合TA12、TC4钛合金和Cr2Ni2MoV钢的Paris律实验结果,对基于材料的低周疲劳临界损伤获取材料疲劳裂纹扩展Paris律的有限元模拟方法(称为LFF方法)进行了有效性验证,并开展了拓展应用。实验结果与模拟结果比较表明,LFF方法用于模拟材料Paris律有良好准确度。应用LFF方法获得了Cr2Ni2MoV钢、N18合金在多种高温下的Paris模型参数,研究了疲劳裂纹扩展速率的温度效应。     

Microstructure evolution of hot-work tool steels during tempering and definition of a kinetic law based on hardness measurements

Microstructural evolutions of the 55NiCrMoV7 steel during tempering were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in order to describe the main mechanisms of softening. The softening resistance is strongly associated with evolution of obstacles to the movement of dislocations (prior austenitic grain boundary, lath boundary, secondary carbides, etc.). Only the average size of carbides was found to be influenced by tempering conditions. Moreover, a strong correlation observed between the hardness measured after tempering and the average size of carbides showing that this easy test could in this case partially characterize the state of the microstructure after tempering. Performing hardness measurements at the as-quenched, tempered and annealed states, a kinetic law of tempering based on the work of Johnson, Mehl and Avrami has been proposed. This law was validated in the case of complex tempering and for other steels and can well describe the evolution of hardness during tempering.     

关于修改“物质的量”,“摩尔”及阿伏伽德罗常数的定义和符号的建议

建议在ＳＩ中,将“物质的量”改为“物质微粒量”,它的符号仍用ｎ,量纲仍为Ｎ。将“摩尔”改为“阿伏伽德罗”,它的符号用Ａｖ。阿伏伽德罗常数的定义修改为“０．０１２ｋｇ碳—１２的原子数目,或１Ａｖ物质微粒的数目”,它的符号采用ＮＡ,而不用Ｌ。     

Tailoring the geometry of silicon nitride nanofillers to simultaneously strengthen and toughen carbon/carbon composites

Incorporating one-dimensional(1D)nanofillers into carbon/carbon composites(C/Cs)can increase their mechanical strength.However,this method is ineffective in improving the fracture toughness of C/Cs be-cause cracks can easily pass over the 1D nanofillers,resulting in a flat fracture surface.Herein,we propose a new technique to significantly improve both the strength and toughness of C/Cs by incorporating 2D ribbon-shaped nanofillers.Silicon nitride nanoribbons(SiNNRs)are assembled into a film-like structure and inserted into each layer of a carbon fiber laminate,which is then densified with a pyrocarbon matrix.Due to the large interfacial contact area between the nanoribbon and matrix,ribbon-shaped SiNNRs can efficiently arrest and deflect cracks in both two and three dimensions,exhibiting a higher reinforcement efficiency than that of slender silicon nitride nanowires(SiNNWs).Mechanical tests show that the per-centage increases in fracture toughness,flexural strength,and compressive strength of C/Cs produced by SiNNRs are approximately 9.8,1.8,and 1.25 times higher than those produced by SiNNWs at the same volume fraction of nanofillers,respectively.This study suggests that 2D ribbon-shaped nanofillers are more effective than 1D fibrous nanofillers in enhancing the strength and toughness of C/Cs.