金属材料应力腐蚀裂纹的探讨

金属材料在各种环境中因为受到化学或者电化学的作用而导致其遭受损坏的情况被称为腐蚀.本文通过对金属材料应力腐蚀裂纹的特征、成因以及影响因素进行分析,并提出了在实际生产中应对金属材料应力腐蚀裂纹的一些有效对策.     

热交换器薄板腐蚀失效分析

对生产啤酒用的热交换器薄板早期腐蚀失效作了系统分析．发现，薄板热交换器普遍存在着接触点的缝隙腐蚀．早期失效的原因是薄板与波形片间点焊塑性环区析出铬的碳化物而引起缝隙──晶间腐蚀造成穿孔．腐蚀穿孔与点焊工艺有关，建议改用没有点焊的其他结构．     

热交换器薄板腐蚀失效分析

对生产啤和的热交换器薄板早期腐蚀失效作了系统分析，发现，薄板热交换器，普遍存在着接触点的缝隙腐蚀，早期失效的原因是薄板与波形片间点焊塑性环区析出铬的碳化物而引起缝隙－－晶间腐蚀造成穿孔，腐蚀穿孔与点焊工艺有关，建议改用没有点焊的其他结构。     

石化工厂甲醇装置再沸器腐蚀失效原因分析

对某石油化工厂甲醇生产装置的再沸器C505腐蚀失效原因进行了调查，通过分析裂缝性状、检测塔底液体组成，结合生产工艺条件初步认为失效原因为碱脆。根据分析结果提出了相应的修复处理方案和设备防护对策。     

应力腐蚀的机理及预防措施

针对不锈钢设备因为材质耐腐蚀,一般不能进行消除应力热处理,研究了要注意的问题。     

异径三通失效分析

为探究武汉市某公司提供的三通断裂件失效原因,首先用三维制图软件绘制了三通的几何模型,导入有限元分析软件进行了应力分析.结果表明,断裂三通失效不是因载荷过大引起的,可能是材料性能不合格或者是材料存在严重缺陷导致的.然后对材料的化学成分、金相组织、材料硬度、断口形貌、微区元素进行了检测分析,发现三通材料镍质量分数少于1.05%,远低于国标镍质量分数大于8%的要求,使不锈钢材料防止电化学腐蚀的能力下降;断口处检测有氯离子存在,且三通存在应力腐蚀现象,有裂纹产生;裂纹扩展到一定尺寸,导致三通发生瞬时断裂.     

污水罐裂纹失效分析

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪及采用成分化验的方法对污水罐材料的材质、金相组织、裂纹形貌、断口形貌进行了检测和分析，结果表明：污水罐裂纹为应力腐蚀裂纹，材质不合格加速了应力腐蚀裂纹的扩展。     

某石化公司蒸馏装置E1001管束腐蚀失效分析

对某石化公司I套蒸馏装置E1001管束腐蚀减薄及穿孔现象从加工工艺、介质腐蚀性、腐蚀产物、材质、金相进行了多方面进行检测及分析,认为腐蚀失效原因主要是酸性环境较高温度下,低铬合金材质的坑蚀,提出控制措施和改进建议。     

Relativity between corrosion—induced stress and stress corrosion cracking of brass in an ammonia solution

The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in an ammonia solution with various pH values or under various applied potentials was measured at slow strain rate tests. The additive stress in the same solution was measured using two methods. The results indicate that the variation of the susceptibility to SCC with pH value or with potential is in an excellent agreement with the corrosion (passive film or dezincification layer)-induced stress. When pH≥7, the corrosion-induced tensile stress andthe susceptibility to SCC have maximum values and hardly change with increasing the pH value. However, when pH < 7, both the corrosion-induced tensile stress and the susceptibility to SCC reduce rapidly with decreasing the pH value. Both the corrosion-induced tensile stress and the susceptibility to SCC have maximum values at the open-circuit potential, decrease slightly under the anodic polarization, and reduce gradually to zero under the cathodic polarization.     

Failure analysis of corrosion cracking and simulated testing for a fluid catalytic cracking unit

The failure of a fluid catalysis and cracking unit (FCCU) in a Chinese refinery was investigated by using nondestructive detection methods, fracture surface examination, hardness measurement, chemical composition and corrosion products analysis. The results showed that the failure was caused by the dew point nitrate stress corrosion cracking. For a long operation period, the wall temperature of the regenerator in the FCCU was below the fume dew point. As a result, an acid fume NOx-SOx-H2O medium presented on the surface, resulting in stress corrosion cracking of the component with high residual stress. In order to confirm the relative conclusion, simulated testing was conducted in laboratory, and the results showed similar cracking characteristics. Finally, some suggestions have been made to prevent the stress corrosion cracking of an FCCU from re-occurring in the future.     

Behavior of stress corrosion cracking in a magnesium alloy

Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was employed to study the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of ZE41 magnesium alloy in 0.01 M NaCl solution. Smooth tensile specimens with different thicknesses were strained dynamically in both longitudinal and transverse direction under permanent immersions at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. It is found that ZE41 magnesium alloy is susceptible to SCC in 0.01 M NaCl solution. The SCC susceptibility of the thinner specimen is lower than that of the thicker specimen. Also, the longitudinal specimens are slightly more susceptible to SCC than the transverse specimens. The SCC mechanism of magnesium alloy is attributed to the combination of anodic dissolution with hydrogen embrittlement. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50771093)     

镁合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性影响因素及防护措施

在腐蚀性环境中,镁合金具有十分强烈的应力腐蚀敏感性,往往降低材料性能,制约镁合金的应用.基于近些年来镁合金应力腐蚀开裂导致了一系列工业事故频繁发生的事实,需要了解和重视镁合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响因素及防护方法,针对影响镁合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的各项因素进行了综合的分析,并从应力,腐蚀环境,合金品质等方面对国内外镁合金应力腐蚀开裂防护措施的最新进展进行了介绍,并提出了镁合金应力腐蚀及防护领域未来所面临的任务.     

Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength drill pipe in sour gas well

In high sour gas reservoir drilling process, it happens occasionally that high-strength drill pipe suffers brittle fracture failure due to stress corrosion cracking, and poses serious hazard to drilling safety. To solve this problem, this paper studied the stress corrosion cracking mechanism and infl uencing factors of highstrength drill pipe in sour environment with hydrogen permeation experiments and tensile tests. We simulated practical conditions in laboratory and evaluated the stress corrosion cracking performance of the high-strength drill pipe under conditions of high stress level. For the problems occurring in use of high-strength drill pipe on site, the paper proposed a technical measure for slower stress corrosion cracking.     

Corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion resulting in initiation of stress corrosion cracking

A special constant deflection device for TEM has been designed, and then change of dislocation configuration ahead of a crack tip during stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in water and of Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy in methanol and initiation of SCC can he observed in TEM In situ tensile test in TEM for brass was carried out for comparison The results show that anodic dissolution during SCC can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and a dislocation free zone (DFZ) is formed The stress at a particular site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion, is possibly up to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack of SCC in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. Because of the action of the corrosion solution the nanocrack of SCC propagates into a cleavage or intergranular microcrack rather than blunts into a void like in situ tension in TEM     

Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged sample...     

应力作用下混凝土胀裂前钢筋锈蚀率预测模型

假设混凝土保护层完全碳化时钢筋开始锈蚀,利用应力状态下混凝土碳化模型,获得应力状态下混凝土中钢筋开始锈蚀时间的计算模型。根据应力状态下混凝土中CO2有效扩散系数得到相应的O2有效扩散系数,并通过外加电流加速锈蚀试验研究了应力状态对钢筋锈蚀速率的影响。最终基于法拉第定律建立了应力状态下混凝土中钢筋锈蚀率的预测模型,并用预测模型计算工程实例。计算结果与实测结果符合较好,同时证明随着应力水平的提高,钢筋开始锈蚀时间提前,锈蚀率加快,最终导致高应力区域锈蚀率明显高于低应力区域。     

Analytic model of non-uniform corrosion induced cracking of reinforced concrete structure

In order to perfectly reflect the dynamic corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) cover in practical engineering,an analytic model of non-uniform corrosion induced cracking was presented based on the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics theory.Comparisons with the published experimental data show that the predictions given by the present model are in good agreement with the results both for natural exposed experiments and short-time indoor tests (the best difference is about 2.7%).Also it obviously provides muc...