明胶对十二烷基硫酸钠／十六烷基溴化吡啶复配体系泡沫的稳定作用

通过对表面张力和溶液黏度的测试探讨了明胶对十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）／十六烷基溴化吡啶（CPDB）复配体系泡沫的稳定作用。结果表明,明胶与表面活性剂复配体系形成的泡沫流体,起泡能力强,稳定性好,其主要原因是明胶与SDS／CPDB缔合成聚集体,聚集体的疏水作用阻止了液膜间的液体流失。     

水解聚丙烯酰胺与正、负离子表面活性剂的相互作用

通过表面张力法和粘度法对不同水解度的聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTMA）和辛基硫酸钠（SOS）等摩尔比例的混合体系的相互作用进行了研究。研究表明，HPAM与DTMA-SOS等摩尔比混合体系之间的静电作用使表面活性剂体系的表面活性发生明显变化．并使高分子溶液的粘度大为降低。     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能研究

对不同烷链和不同EO加合数的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能进行了测试,并对FMEE在洗衣粉中替代AEO9进行了初步研究。结果表明,与脂肪醇乙氧基化物相比,FMEE泡沫低,水溶速度快,对油脂增溶能力强,用棕榈油甲酯乙氧基化物替代AEO9在洗衣粉中应用可改善去污性能并降低成本。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/氯化钠复合体系界面扩张粘弹性质研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/氯化钠复合体系气-液界面的扩张粘弹性质。研究结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵表面膜的微观弛豫过程主要受扩散弛豫过程控制,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/氯化钠复合体系的界面扩张粘弹性质参数随氯化钠浓度增加呈一定变化趋势,相角基本上不受氯化钠浓度影响。     

N-甲基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯的合成

以L-苯丙氨酸为初始原料,先与甲醇成酯反应,再与苯甲醛反应形成希夫碱中间体,经过Pd/C催化氢化,再与多聚甲醛反应,最后经氢化还原与脱苄基得到光学纯N-甲基-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯,总收率为83.1%。该工艺反应条件温和,无需对氨基酸的侧链进行保护,收率高,适合工业化生产。     

Self‐Aggregation and Emulsifying Properties of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactants

Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) anionic surfactants made from natural resources are of particular interest as sustainable surfactants. They offer good physicochemical properties for applications as detergents and emulsifiers. The liquid crystal structures of MES surfactants synthesized in a previous work were determined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The emulsifying activity for each surfactant was also measured, and the stability of emulsions was estimated and compared to that induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The POM micrographs showed the presence of birefringent textures. Several factors, including temperature and hydration, influenced the stability of the phases and their structure. SAXS confirmed the structure of the phases formed by dry and hydrated ф‐MES surfactants at 25 °C, giving the position of peaks corresponding to the ratio 1:2:3 and revealing the phase transitions of lamellar to double lamellar or the reverse. Also, the Bragg distance (d) decreased with an increase in chain length from 13 to 17 carbon atoms and an increase in the area per molecule of surfactant. The geometric packing parameters were also determined, and suggest that surfactants are tilted. The stability of surfactant emulsions is around 60%, which is comparable to that of SDS. The micrographs show that the emulsions formed are O/W, and an increase in chain length gives rise to a decrease in the size of the emulsion droplets. These results are confirmed by the values of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) which reveals the hydrophilic nature of these surfactants.     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的生产工艺及性能研究

论述了国内外脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的现状,主要对其生产工艺、产品性能进行了分析讨论,并在此基础上对其应用前景进行了阐述。     

月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物中的聚乙二醇和月桂酸甲酯的同时测定

使用C8键合硅胶色谱柱、示差折光检测器的反相液相色谱法同时测定了月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物中的聚乙二醇和月桂酸甲酯的含量,通过优化流动相配比实现了月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物同聚乙二醇和月桂酸甲酯的完全分离,方法简便快速,适用于产品的质量控制和工艺研究。     

棉油酸甲酯改性胺固化剂的合成及性能研究

利用棉油酸甲酯制备了一种环氧树脂固化剂棉油酸甲酯改性胺,研究了棉油酸甲酯改性胺用量对环氧树脂体系的力学性能和热性能的影响,利用红外光谱、热分析、动态力学分析讨论了棉油酸甲酯改性胺的结构、环氧树脂固化物的性能。结果表明,环氧树脂固化物的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击强度随着棉油酸甲酯改性胺用量的增加而增加。     

巯基乙酸甲酯含量的测定

本文介绍了巯基乙酸甲酯测定的原理及方法 ,并对其精密度及准确度进行了实验     

脂肪酸甲酯磺化新工艺

根据脂肪酸甲酯气相SO3，磺化的机理，研究开发了一种甲酯磺化新工艺，以结构简单、紧凑、操作稳定的高气液比喷射反应器为磺化装置，对脂肪酸甲酯进行连续的SO3气相磺化，实验取得较好的结果。甲酯最高转化率为95％，SO3转化率则达99％，可与膜式反应器相媲美。     

甲基溴的取代药剂——棉隆

棉隆是甲基溴熏蒸剂的替代品之一。介绍了影响棉隆作用的因素:上壤湿度、土壤温度和土壤类型和结构,棉隆的施用以及我国棉隆登记应用情况。     

Aggregation Behavior and Micellar Properties of Sodium Salts of Naphthenic Acid Mixtures

The aim of this study was to investigate micellar and self‐assembly properties of four sodium salts of naphthenic acid mixtures by determination and comparative analysis of their critical micelle concentration values at seven different temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C using spectrofluorophotometric measurements. It was concluded that fractions having the lowest percentage of aliphatic structures give the least flexible micelles due to sterically rigid structure of cyclic side chains, what makes them difficult to pack in the micellar core. Additionally, surface properties of aqueous solutions of investigated mixtures were studied by the determination of the maximum surface excess, Γ_max and the minimum area per surfactant molecule (A_min) values.     

餐饮废油生物柴油及其调合燃料的低温流动性的研究

利用气-质联用仪测定餐饮废油生物柴油(waste cooking methyl ester,WCME)的组成,根据冷滤点试验器和运动黏度试验器测定WCME及其调合燃料的低温流动性,同时利用添加低温流动性改进剂的方法改善WCME及其调合燃料的低温流动性。实验结果表明,WCME主要是由饱和脂肪酸甲酯(27.63 w%)和不饱和脂肪酸甲酯(71.81 w%)组成,冷滤点为0℃,运动黏度(40℃)为4.41 mm2/s。调合燃料中B40冷滤点最低,为-4℃。调合燃料的运动黏度随着WCME的体积比的减少逐渐接近0号柴油的运动黏度。通过添加少于1(v)%的低温流动性改进剂,WCME的冷滤点从0℃降低到-4℃,调合燃料B5、B7、B10、B20和B50的冷滤点降分别从-3℃低至-24、-24、-23、-24和-8℃。     

Bird Aversive Properties of Methyl Anthranilate, Yucca, Xanthoxylum, and Their Mixtures

We tested the bird aversive properties of methyl anthranilate, yucca extracts, and Xanthoxylum spp. extracts in oneand two-bottle drinking assays that used European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In oneand two-bottle tests, methyl anthranilate proved to be the more potent stimulus in producing an avoidance response. Starlings avoided consuming Xanthoxylum and yucca only in the two-bottle tests. Previous studies showed that yucca was a good adjuvant in stabilizing lipophilic compounds in water. Starlings did not avoid binary mixtures of methyl anthranilate and yucca differently from what would be expected if they were only responding to the solution's methyl anthranilate content. However, yucca enhanced the aversive qualities of Xanthoxylum. The ability to identify mode of action for repellency and synergistic combinations of chemicals derived from natural products for use in repellent mixtures is an important aspect of the development of cost-effective, environmentally safe repellents for use in conflict resolution between humans and wildlife.     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐的纯化

二步溶剂结晶法纯化了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐表面活性剂。将每10 gα-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯工业品用NaOH的无水乙醇溶液中和至pH=7.0,再加入无水乙醇定容至80 mL,60℃过滤,得到的滤液加无水乙醇定容至80 mL,在10℃结晶2 h,所得晶体中α-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯钠盐、α-磺酸脂肪酸二钠盐和脂肪酸钠皂的质量分数分别由74.38%、16.30%和8.83%改善为94.74%、1.12%和4.01%。同时,黑色的脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐工业品纯化为浅黄色的晶体,收率为48.03%。纯化前后脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐在30℃时的临界胶束浓度由6.47×10-3mol/L降低到6.68×10-4mol/L,c20由2.14×10-4mol/L降低到9.48×10-5mol/L。     

布洛芬甲酯的绿色合成工艺

以布洛芬和甲醇为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,以甘油作为吸水剂和催化剂分离的溶剂,利用甘油与布洛芬甲酯可自动分层的特性,辅以柱色谱分离,建立了一种布洛芬甲酯的绿色合成工艺。整个工艺路线无三废产生。合成条件经正交实验优化,确定了最佳反应条件:反应体系的最佳组成为n(布洛芬):n(甲醇):n(甘油)=1:10.2:1.4,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的最佳添加量为布洛芬质量的1%,最佳转速为300 r/min,最佳反应时间为4h,在该条件下转化率可达97.1%,得率大于95.0%。经液相-质谱联用(LC/MS)检测,色谱纯度为99.9%。     

贲亭酸甲酯的合成研究

本文在对贲亭酸甲酯的合成路线分析与评价的基础上，进行了以工业化为目的的合成研究。     

Aggregation Behavior of Perfluorononanoic Acid/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Mixtures

The mixed system of an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and a perfluorinated surfactant, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), was investigated by a combination of methods. The critical micellar concentrations (CMC) were determined over a wide range of sample compositions by surface tension, conductivity and UV–visible spectrophotometry using N-(4-nitrophenyl)perfluorononanamide as a molecular probe. The values of CMC obtained by different techniques were in good agreement. In addition, the aggregation numbers were determined in the mixtures with a low content of hydrocarbon surfactant, by measuring the fluorescence quenching of pyrene. The hydrodynamic radii of the aggregates were estimated through the diffusion ordered ¹⁹F- and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The values obtained are in agreement with those expected according to the measured aggregation numbers. The analysis of the data with different aggregation models suggests the formation of a non-ideal mixed micelle that is enriched in the perfluorinated surfactant when its mole fraction increases, and that is practically formed by PFNA only at mole fractions higher than 0.8.