Direction-of-arrival and polarization estimation with uniform circular arrays in the presence of mutual coupling

A modified Root-MUSIC algorithm is proposed to estimate the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) and the polarization of plane waves, which impinge at a fixed elevation angle, using a diversely polarized uniform circular array (UCA). Special attention is devoted to the presence of mutual coupling effects in antenna arrays. By describing the electromagnetic characteristics on the basis of a phase-mode expansion for the open-circuit voltages and the mutual coupling matrix, the modified Root-multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm takes mutual coupling effects into account by a limited number of phase modes. Finally, the efficiency of the new algorithm is verified based on synthetic antenna data.     

基于加权l1最小化的低复杂度波达方向估计算法

基于阵列协方差矩阵的稀疏表征和阵列响应矩阵的Khatri-Rao积,提出了一种低运算复杂度的波达方向估计算法.所提算法在减少未知数个数的同时,通过线性变换降低约束方程的维数,可有效减少优化问题的计算复杂度.为充分利用阵列协方差矩阵中蕴涵的信息,使用Capon谱的倒数作为权值构建出了加权l1最小化问题,这使得所提算法在降低运算量的同时能够获得较好的估计性能.仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性.     

An efficient DOA estimation method in multipath environment

An efficient direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed with uniform linear array (ULA) in multipath environment. By applying a transformation, we can convert a constructed complex matrix to a real one, and then utilize the real matrix combined with our proposed criterion to estimate the DOAs of uncorrelated signals. Afterwards, the contributions of uncorrelated signals are eliminated, and then several new matrices without the information of uncorrelated signals are constructed to resolve the remaining coherent signals. The proposed estimation method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing methods and has satisfactory performance. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

互耦条件下均匀线阵DOA盲估计

阵元间存在互耦时,经典的波达角(DOA)估计算法性能急剧下降甚至失效。针对互耦条件下均匀线阵DOA估计问题,该文提出一种基于盲源分离的DOA盲估计算法。首先,利用源信号的统计特性,由盲源分离方法估计广义阵列流形矩阵;然后,利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵带状、Toeplitz矩阵的特点,将DOA估计问题转化为多个可分离非线性最小二乘问题,由多个1维频域搜索得到DOA的估计。该算法无需高维搜索或多维迭代,对互耦自由度要求更低,互耦自由度未知时仍旧适用,稳健度高。数值仿真验证了该文算法的有效性。     

A novel compact his-EBG structure and its application in reduction of printed antenna mutual coupling

Anovel compact E shape High Impedance Surface (HIS) Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) comprising Amended Minkowski Fractal Boundary (AMFB), Added Metal Strips (AMS), and metal plated via printed on a Rogers TMM 10i (ɛ _r =9.8, t=2.0 mm) substrate is presented. The first order AMFB and ABS are introduced for equivalent capacitance enhancement and miniaturization with effective space-filling characteristics. The dimension of lattice size is only 0.058λ ₀. The proposed structure exhibits a most compact characteristic about 35% size reduction as compared with conventional mushroom-like HIS-EBG, and better surface-wave decoupling of around 9 dB at the operating frequency band. Details of design parameters which affect the whole performance of certain band-gap are intensively investigated. A constructed prototype is potential candidate for antenna system performance enhancement.     

L型阵列互耦条件下的二维波达方向估计

针对L型阵列,提出一种去互耦算法.该算法在L型阵列的两均匀线阵上分别取受互耦影响一致的阵元,则其理想导向向量可与互耦参数剥离,用其中一组阵元输出的协方差阵和两组阵元输出的互协方差阵构建矩阵,根据其传播算子构成的信号子空间和阵元导向向量张成同一空间以及均匀线阵的旋转不变特性得到两个与方向角和俯仰角相关的信息参量.在这两参量配对时,只需对包含信息参量的其中一个矩阵进行一次特征值分解以及简单的除法运算即可实现.理论和仿真表明,该算法无需谱峰搜索,只需一次特征分解,有效抑制了互耦影响,测量精度高.     

基于累积量的互耦误差下相干信号DOA估计

在高斯色噪声和阵列互耦误差背景下,针对相干信号源和非相干信号源并存的问题,提出了一种准确估计信号源到达角(DOA)的算法。首先,采用辅助阵元法将互耦误差从阵列流形中分离;然后结合空间平滑技术和四阶累积量构建平滑矩阵,实现对高斯噪声的抑制和对信号的解相干;最后使用ESPRIT算法获得信号源的来波方向。仿真结果表明,文中算法有效解决了阵列互耦和信源相干的影响,在高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声环境下均能精确地估计DOA。     

结合模板与互信息的全景图拼接技术研究与实现

针对传统互信息图像配准拼接算法计算量大、效率低等问题,本文结合模板匹配,提出基于模板与互信息的全景图拼接技术。首先将误差法和二次匹配误差法相结合,对待拼接图像进行初次模板匹配,划定大致重叠区域;接着从互信息量的角度比较相邻重叠的两幅图像的相似性,通过建立两幅图像之间的互信息量,计算最大互信息,获得匹配区域;然后再次利用模板匹配,设定最佳匹配区域,最终实现图像配准拼接。在VS2010+Opencv环境中编程实现重叠图像的拼接,并验证了算法的正确性。实验表明,本文算法具有计算量相对小,自动化程度高,配准拼接精度高等优点。     

阵元间互耦对测向性能的影响与分析

用矩量法严格分析了考虑互耦影响下，常用于超分辨测向的各种天线阵阵元的电流分布。然后根据等效网络法，分析了各种常见的天线阵阵元间的互耦以及互耦对一维和二维测向性能的影响，并为实际的天线阵布阵提供了一些技术参考。     

基于虚拟旋转不变技术的宽带信号二维到达角估计

在相关信号子空间方法的基础上,本文提出了一种阵列宽带信号二维角度的估计方法。该方法首先利用虚拟互相关计算方法得到阵列输出的协方差矩阵,并构造出两个子阵(实际子阵和虚拟子阵);然后采用投影算子来形成聚焦矩阵,最后对聚焦后的协方差矩阵采用ESPRIT方法估计出宽带信号的二维到达角。这种方法能抑制非高斯噪声对算法的影响,并能扩展阵列孔径,且不需要进行角度预估计;估计出的二维角度能自动配对,提高了算法的实现速度。计算机仿真试验证实了该算法的有效性。     

Protocol for the application of cooperative MIMO based on clustering in sparse wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) using cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication are effective tools to collect data in several environments. However, how to apply cooperative MIMO in WSN remains a critical challenge, especially in sparse WSN. In this article, a novel clustering scheme is proposed for the application of cooperative MIMO in sparse WSN by extending the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. This clustering scheme solves the problem that the cluster heads (CH) cannot find enough secondary cluster heads (SCH), which are used to cooperate and inform multiple-antenna transmitters with CHs. On the basis of this protocol, the overall energy consumption of the networks model is developed, and the optimal number of CHs is obtained. The simulation results show that this protocol is feasible for the sparse WSN. The simulation results also illustrate that this protocol provides significant energy efficiencies, even after allowing for additional overheads.     

联合时频分析在电磁测深问题中的应用

在电磁测深问题中,联合时频分析方法同时给出瞬变电磁信号随时问扣频率的变化特性,比传统的傅立叶分析方法能更全面、更清晰地对信号加以分析。利用短时傅立叶变换、Gabor展开、Wigner-Ville展开、伪Wigner-Ville展开、平滑的伪Wigner-Ville展开等五种联合时频分析方法对作为电磁测深问题基本媒质的有耗两层媒质表面的瞬态响应电磁信号进行了分析。对上述五种联合时频分析方法的分析结果进行了比较,从而为利用瞬变电磁信号解决地质构造测深问题的数据处理提供了一条有效的新途径。     

柔性凸点热-结构耦合应力应变有限元分析

建立了芯片尺寸封装焊点的柔性凸点三维有限元分析(FEA)模型,对该模型进行了热-结构耦合有限元分析,研究了热-结构耦合条件下柔性凸点温度场和应力应变的分布规律,对比了有无柔性层结构的凸点内应力应变的大小,分析了柔性层厚度、上下焊盘直径对柔性凸点应力应变的影响。结果表明:柔性层结构有效降低了凸点内的应力应变;随着柔性层厚度的增加,凸点内最大应力应变减小;随上焊盘和下焊盘直径的增加,凸点内最大应力应变的变化无明显规律。     

基于AWG的OADM结构设计

光分插复用器（OADM）是实现波长上下话路、灵活配置网络资源的关键网元设备之一,因为阵列波导光栅（AWG）在成本和综合性能方面具有很大的优越性而使其成为目前最适于作为WDM复用器与解复用器以及构成OADM的关键器件,文章详细研究了基于AWG构建OADM的不同结构组成,主要研究了环回和折叠型两种结构,并给出了易于实现集成的平板形结构设计的不同方案。     

基于DSP和FPGA的水声定位系统主控机设计

数字信号处理系统是水声学定位系统的核心,本系统采用DSP结合FPGA进行了水声定位系统主控机的设计,给出了硬件框图,介绍了主要组成模块的功能,完成了存储器接口设计、网络接口设计、FPGA逻辑接口设计等设计。调试以及实验结果表明,本硬件系统能够完成合作目标的信号检测与时延估计,满足了水声定位系统的要求。     

Effect of multipath channel models to the recovery algorithms on compressed sensing in UWB channel estimation

Multipath arrivals in an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) channel have a long time intervals between clusters and rays where the signal takes on zero or negligible values. It is precisely the signal sparsity of the impulse response of the UWB channel that is exploited in this work aiming at UWB channel estimation based on Compressed Sensing (CS). However, these multipath arrivals mainly depend on the channel environments that generate different sparse levels (low-sparse or high-sparse) of the UWB channels. According to this basis, we have analyzed the two most basic recovery algorithms, one based on linear programming Basis Pursuit (BP), another using greedy method Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and chosen the best recovery algorithm which are suitable to the sparse level for each type of channel environment. Besides, the results of this work is an open topic for further research aimed at creating a optimal algorithm specially for application of CS based UWB systems.     

DOA estimation with double L-shaped array based on Hadamard product and joint diagonalization in the presence of sensor gain-phase errors

A method with double L-shaped array for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of sensor gain-phase errors is presented. The reason for choosing double L-shaped array is that the shared elements between sub-arrays are the most and rotation invariant property can be applied for this array. The proposed method is introduced as follows. (1) If the number of signal is one, first the gain errors are estimated and removed with the diagonal of the covariance matrix of the array output. Then the array is rotated by an unknown angle and DOA can be estimated with the relationship between signal subspace and steering vector of signal. (2) If signals are more than one, the method for eliminating gain errors is the same with the previous case, and then the phase errors are removed by the Hadamard product of the (cross) covariance matrix and its conjugate. After the errors are eliminated, the DOAs can be estimated by rotation invariant property and orthogonal joint diagonalization for the Hadamard product. This method requires neither calibrated sources nor multidimensional parameter search, and its performance is independent of the phase errors. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

     

42英寸AC-PDP的驱动原理及能量恢复研究

讨论了三电极交流等离子体平板显示器（AC-PDP）的驱动原理，着重对PDP中基于L，C谐振电路的能量恢复系统进行了详细的分析，给出了数学模型，并就该模型讨论了决定能量恢复效率的时间、器件参数等因素的影响。     

Research on the packing algorithm for anti-SEU of FPGA based on triple modular redundancy and the numbers of fan-outs of the net

Static Random Access Memory （SRAM） based Field Programmable Gate Array （FPGA） is widely applied in the field of aerospace,whose anti-SEU （Single Event Upset） capability becomes more and more important.To improve anti-FPGA SEU capability,the registers of the circuit netlist are tripled and divided into three categories in this study.By the packing algorithm,the registers of triple modular redundancy are loaded into different configurable logic block.At the same time,the packing algorithm considers the effect of large fan-out nets.The experimental results show that the algorithm successfully realize the packing of the register of Triple Modular Redundancy （TMR）.Comparing with Timing Versatile PACKing （TVPACK）,the algorithm in this study is able to obtain a 11％ reduction of the number of the nets in critical path,and a 12％ reduction of the time delay in critical path on average when TMR is not considered.Especially,some critical path delay of circuit can be improved about 33％.