A slug calorimeter for evaluating the thermal performance of fire resistive materials

The utilization of a slug calorimeter to evaluate the thermal performance of fire resistive materials (FRMs) is presented. The basic specimen configuration consists of a ‘sandwich’, with a square central stainless‐steel plate (slug) surrounded on two sides by the FRM. This sandwich configuration provides an adiabatic boundary condition at the central axis of the slug plate that greatly simplifies the analysis. The other four (thin) sides of the steel plate (and FRM specimens) are insulated using a low thermal conductivity fumed‐silica board. Two metal plates manufactured from a high temperature alloy provide a frame for placing the entire sandwich specimen slightly in compression. The entire configuration is centrally placed at the bottom of an electrically heated box furnace and the temperatures of the metal slug and exterior FRM surfaces are monitored during multiple heating and cooling cycles. Knowing the heat capacities and densities of the steel slug and the FRM, an effective thermal conductivity for the FRM can be estimated. The effective thermal conductivity of the FRM will be influenced by its true thermal conductivity and by any endothermic or exothermic reactions or phase changes occurring within the FRM. Preliminary tests have been conducted on two commonly used FRMs and on a non‐reactive fumed‐silica board to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水基高速糊盒机用胶粘剂的研制

合成了与乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（VAE）乳液配伍性良好的聚丙烯酸酯乳液,通过正交实验筛选了影响胶粘剂的粘接强度的各种组分的用量,得到了最佳的胶粘剂配方：DR树脂13．5份,萜烯树脂14．3份,VAE乳液32．9份,聚现烯酸酯乳液28．7份,其剥离强度达到0．373kN.m^-1。该胶粘剂适用于高速自动糊盒机上复膜包装盒的粘合。     

Towards a methodology for the characterization of fire resistive materials with respect to thermal performance models

A methodology is proposed for the characterization of fire resistive materials with respect to thermal performance models. Typically in these models, materials are characterized by their densities, heat capacities, thermal conductivities, and any enthalpies (of reaction or phase changes). For true performance modelling, these thermophysical properties need to be determined as a function of temperature for a wide temperature range from room temperature to over 1000°C. Here, a combined experimental/theoretical/modelling approach is proposed for providing these critical input parameters. Particularly, the relationship between the three‐dimensional microstructure of the fire resistive materials and their thermal conductivities is highlighted. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高水性富锌底漆防腐性能的涂装技术

对溶剂型和水性富锌底漆的施工技术指标进行了对比分析,从除锈等级、表面清洁度和粗糙度以及钢结构表面的缺陷处理等方面论述了喷涂水性富锌涂料对钢材表面处理的要求,并对无气喷涂技术应用于水性富锌底漆涂装中需要注意的事项及对环境条件的要求等进行了探讨。     

高性能低VOC水性环氧聚酯浸涂漆

以自制水分散型环氧聚酯乳液为基料 ,不加助溶剂 ,用水可稀释的水性浸涂漆 ;讨论了其树脂种类、颜料体积浓度、防腐颜料和助剂对漆膜性能及涂装的影响。     

水基钻井液用防塌封堵剂封堵效果实验研究

采用高温高压静失水评价方法,开展了沥青类封堵剂、刚性颗粒封堵剂以及其它封堵剂等单剂的评价与优选,并开展了复配封堵剂优化的实验。结果表明,乳化沥青在沥青类封堵剂中封堵效果最优,超细碳酸钙(1 000目)在刚性颗粒封堵剂中封堵效果最优,乳化石蜡在其它封堵剂中封堵效果最优。在常用封堵剂的组合中,3%超细碳酸钙(1 000目)+2%乳化沥青为水基钻井液用最佳封堵配方。     

水基钻井液用防塌封堵剂封堵效果实验研究

采用高温高压静失水评价方法,开展了沥青类封堵剂、刚性颗粒封堵剂以及其它封堵剂等单剂的评价与优选,并开展了复配封堵剂优化的实验。结果表明,乳化沥青在沥青类封堵剂中封堵效果最优,超细碳酸钙(1 000目)在刚性颗粒封堵剂中封堵效果最优,乳化石蜡在其它封堵剂中封堵效果最优。在常用封堵剂的组合中,3%超细碳酸钙(1 000目)+2%乳化沥青为水基钻井液用最佳封堵配方。     

Full scale experiments for evaluating theoretical fire wall models

The aim of the research described in this paper was to provide experimental results for the evaluation of theoretical models for predicting the behaviour and time‐to‐failure of loadbearing and non‐loadbearing wood framed walls in fire. References for thermal and mechanical properties of wood and gypsum board are given to provide comprehensive input for the evaluation of theoretical wall models. The scope of the research involved full‐scale uninsulated cavity walls with well‐controlled clearly known conditions including initial ambient vertical load capacity for benchmarking the reduction in capacity and stiffness, rotational stiffness of supports, eccentricity of vertical load, elastic moduli of wood and gypsum board in compression, stiffness of slip between gypsum board and studs and end stud effects. The experiments were repeated and they demonstrated that the controls led to high consistency in the results despite the inherent large variability of the mechanical properties of wood. The results include temperature distributions, initial vertical load capacity, load‐deflection plots and times‐to‐failure. The results show that the temperatures in the studs are approximately uniform until all the moisture is vaporized. Thermal properties of wood will not vary significantly for consistent density, moisture content and species of wood. The main structural actions that should be modelled for different loading regimes are deduced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new cleaning methodology for efficient Au-SAM removal

The desorption of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT) formed on an Au polycrystalline electrode was investigated with the purpose of establishing the most efficient method for SAM removal prior to electrode re-use. The cleanliness of the surface was evaluated by assessing the characteristics (and their reproducibility) of a newly prepared SAM (on a freshly cleaned electrode) in the presence of Ru(NH₃)₆^3+/2+ probe species. The simple flame annealing of the modified electrodes showed poor reproducibility. Later, cleaning treatments based on previous reports about the electrochemical desorption of SAMs, were investigated in NaOH, HClO₄, and KCl solutions. The anodic removal in alkaline and chloride solutions was not efficient enough due to the effect of the Au surface oxidation and dissolution. The commonly used reductive desorption in alkaline solution did also not offer a high efficiency (in contrast with the behavior described in those reports) probably due to the low stability of the thiolate molecules at high-pH values. In addition, such procedures did not provide a way to visualize the evolution of the process. The oxidative desorption in perchloric acid showed a higher efficiency at each single desorption cycle, and allowed to monitor the extension of the removal by comparing the cyclic voltammograms obtained in that medium with the expected fingerprint for the bare Au. However the voltammetric characterization of new AUT films, prepared on such electrochemically treated surfaces by re-incubation in the AUT solution, showed that the conditions of substrate cleanliness and smoothness necessaries to reproduce a close-packed and compact AUT monolayer were not reached. A new cleaning strategy based on the coupled use of oxidative removal in HClO₄ 0.1 M and flame annealing showed to be efficient and reproducible, providing the proper substrate precursors for the formation of highly ordered AUT films. The results also showed that the methodology works well in the removal of other SAMs like the one formed by the neutral 1-dodecanethiol (1-DT).     

一种新型高效水基清洗剂的研制

以脱脂效果好、浊点较高的几种不同类型表面活性剂和无磷助洗剂、缓蚀剂等复配制成新型高效水基金属清洗剂。通过正交试验及对产品多种性能的检测,确定了研制的清洗剂的组成。研究了脱脂温度、脱脂时间对该清洗剂脱脂效果的影响。结果表明,该清洗剂稳定性好,常温下能有效地清洗物体表面的油污,对金属的腐蚀率低,不含ODS物质,对环境友好,可代替汽油、煤油、柴油、三氯乙烯等有机溶剂用来清洗各种金属材料及零部件,应用前景看好。     

凹版印刷水性UV-LED油墨的制备与性能研究

采用质量百分比为6％～8％的色料、60％～70％的树脂、7％～10％的光引发剂、1％～7％的助剂和 1％～10％的稀释剂制备凹版印刷水性UV-LED油墨,通过可变波长的UV-LED光源固化,并进行油墨的印刷性能测试.研究结果表明:凹版印刷水性UV-LED油墨的黏度、着色力、附着牢度和固化速率等性能指标达到国家标准,能够...     

水性抗菌罩光油的制备及抗菌性能

以水性丙烯酸酯乳液为主要连结料,添加纳米二氧化钛抗菌剂复配成水性罩光油。参考日本JIS Z2801:2000标准,研究了纳米二氧化钛种类和用量对水性罩光油抗菌效果的影响。结果表明,TIO-WPR010(锐钛型纳米二氧化钛水性溶液)的抗菌效果优于TIO-NP100(氮掺杂纳米二氧化钛粉体)。当TIO-WPR010质量分数为0.7%~0.9%时,所制备的水性抗菌罩光油经过48 h的抗菌试验,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率分别为91.84%和94.51%,能够满足白卡纸的抗菌要求。     

Metrics for evaluating the forest biorefinery supply chain performance

For sustainable decision-making regarding biorefinery strategies, different criteria, i.e. economic, environmental, social, should be considered. However, the economic criteria typically do not consider market volatility, whereas today's market involves price and demand volatilities. Biorefinery strategies must be flexible to be robust to market volatility. Therefore, relevant metrics must be developed to quantify the system's performance against volatility. This paper presents metrics of flexibility and robustness which analyze the performance of the supply chain in a dynamic environment, providing additional information along with economic metrics. In this paper, the link between the two metrics, and how profitability and robustness change with flexibility are discussed. The results reveal that, although profitability does not always increase with more flexibility and there is an optimum level of flexibility, the system's robustness is improved by increasing flexibility. Moreover, a “conditional value-at-risk” parameter is introduced to show what patterns of sale lead to highest profit and robustnestness.     

An efficient methodology for utilization of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions

The issues of reducing CO2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an efficient methodology via the co-reaction of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the extraction of soluble potassium salts and recovery of SO2 with reduced CO2 emission and energy consumption. The results of characterization and reactivity evaluation indicated that the partial melting of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum in the high-temperature co-reaction significantly facilitated the reduction of phosphogypsum to SO2 and the exchange of K+(K-feldspar) with Ca2+(CaSO4 in phosphogypsum). The reaction parameters were systematical y investigat-ed with the highest sulfur recovery ratio of~60%and K extraction ratio of~87.7%. This novel methodology possesses an energy consumption reduction of~28%and CO2 emission reduction of~55%comparing with the present typical commercial technologies for utilization of K-feldspar and the treatment of phosphogypsum.     

一种高效起泡剂--茶皂素的泡沫性能与应用

茶皂素是一种农副产品，用罗氏——迈尔斯法、瓦楞搅拌法和气流法评价了它的泡沫性能，它表现出良好的抗酸碱、抗油抗温能力，是一种可用于日用化工和石油工业的高效起泡剂。     

Response surface methodology study on electrochemical adsorption regeneration of water-based drilling fluid waste

ABSTRACT

This study explores an electrochemical adsorption method on the regeneration of aqueous drilling fluid waste. Response surface analysis was applied to investigating the electrochemical factors on the adsorption performance. The response surface polynomial model optimized the preferred electrochemical adsorption conditions with adsorption time of 20 min, spacing electrodes of 5 cm, adsorption concentration of 5% and NaCl concentration of 2 g/L. The model calculated electrochemical adsorption amount of drilling fluid showed only 1.3% deviation from the experimental results. Thus, the model could provide effective support for the device design and application of drilling fluid electrochemical adsorption process.     

Effects of inorganic fillers on the performance of the water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influences of filler type and its content on the performance of a water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating. Three fillers (vermiculite, celite, and aluminum hydroxide) were added to the intumescent paint formulation. The thermal and fire protective properties were studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), torch test, electrical furnace, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The results showed that adding fillers into coatings up to 3% could improve the intumescent coating's behavior and increase its endurance against flames. Of the three fillers used, vermiculite showed a better performance in the torch test, attributed to its chemical and physical structure. Vermiculite has low thermal conductivity and is considered an appropriate filler for heat-insulation. The final back-plate temperatures in the torch test for the vermiculite-containing samples were around 100°C–150°C lower than that of other samples. Moreover, vermiculite's addition improved the coating's expansion by 10% compared with the control sample's. The vermiculite sample's char layer morphology showed a uniform cell size distribution, indicating structural robustness. The coating samples successfully transformed polypropylene flammability from highly flammable to V0 level in the UL 94 vertical burning test standard. The results showed that vermiculite could improve intumescent paint's fire resistance and be used as an enhancer in intumescent coating formulations.     

一种水性多功能粘结剂对锂硫电池性能的影响（急）

以海藻酸钠(SA)与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为原料，制备了一种具有交联网络结构的海藻酸钠交联聚乙烯亚胺（SAPEI）多功能锂硫电池正极水性黏结剂。研究了SAPEI黏结剂的黏结性、多硫离子吸附能力，以及对锂硫电池正极结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明，SAPEI黏结剂的黏结强度高于传统商用（PVDF）黏结剂，同时反应过程中产生的酰胺键对多硫离子具有吸附作用。使用SAPEI黏结剂的锂硫电池在循环后硫正极呈现出更加均匀的微观形貌结构和更优的电化学性能。在0.2 C倍率下充放电200次后其放电比容量仍然保持在620 mA·h/g，容量保持率可达到72.5％，高于使用PVDF黏结剂的锂硫电池。