Effect of bamboo oil on antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging activity

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the bamboo oil on antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging activity in vitro and in vivo. When the bamboo oil concentration was increased from 10 to 90 μL/mL, the DPPH scavenging rate increased from 15.6 to 98.2%. However, at bamboo oil concentrations above 110 μL/mL, it was not increased. The superoxide anion radical scavenging rate increased from 54.8 to 89.1% when the bamboo oil concentration increased from 110 to 150 μL/mL. When the bamboo oil was incubated for 20 h, the linoleic acid scavenging rate was approximately 91.2%, similar to that of ascorbic acid. The glutathione production using bamboo oil in vivo was 59.0 μM/g of liver, which was about 6.5-fold higher than that of the control. In the case of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, they were 16.8 U/mg of protein and 295 KU/mg of protein, respectively, approximately 5.6-fold higher and 3.0-fold higher than that of the control. The nitrite scavenging activity was increased from 60.1 to 93.9% at pH of 1.2 when the saturation time was increased from 2 months to 8 months. However, at more than 10 months of saturation, this level was not increased. These results suggest that the bamboo oil of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis can be used in bioactive and functional materials.     

Two-stage extraction of antitumor,antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase compounds from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body

Ganoderma lucidum has been used in oriental medicine for its contribution to vitality and longevity. None of them report about targeted antitumor activity against adenocarcinoma cells, or antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activity for potential application in treatment of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. To date, there are a few studies available concerning supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of biologically active compounds from G. lucidum fruiting body. In our study, two stage extractions of biologically active compounds from G. lucidum were performed. First, supercritical carbon dioxide was used as extraction solvent. Next, the same material was used for hot water isolation of biologically active polysaccharides. Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activity were tested for all obtained extracts. Additionally, the effect of extraction process conditions on the biological activity of extracts was assessed.     

仙人掌多糖的硫酸酯化前后对自由基的清除作用的对比研究

采用超声波法从仙人掌中提取多糖,并对仙人掌多糖进行硫酸酯化处理。通过单因素、正交实验对比研究仙人掌多糖硫酸酯化前后对自由基的清除作用。结果表明:仙人掌多糖硫酸酯化前后对.OH均有一定的清除作用,且均随浓度升高清除能力不断增强,但仙人掌硫酸酯化多糖对.OH的清除能力较低。     

Optimization of ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide on the extract yield and antioxidant activity from Biebersteinia multifida DC

Essential oil of Biebersteinia multifida DC cultivated in Iran was obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods. The oil was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detections. The effects of different parameters such as temperature, pressure, static extraction time, dynamic extraction time, and mole fraction of modifier on the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and radical scavenging activity of B. multifida oil were optimized using central composite design. Fifty two compounds were identified in the HD oil. The major components of B. multifida were (E)-Nerolidol (31.45%), Hexadecanoic acid (11.84%), Phytol (17.1%), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (15.4%). However, by using supercritical carbon dioxide in optimum conditions, obtained only four components contain more than 91.74% of the essential oil. The optimum extraction yield and DPPH EC₅₀ via SFE method were 96% (w/w) and 27.19, respectively.     

Optimization of process variables for supercritical fluid extraction of ergothioneine and polyphenols from Pleurotus ostreatus and correlation to free-radical scavenging activity

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was employed to extract antioxidants from Pleurotus ostreatus. The response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimal conditions for extraction of ergothioneine and polyphenols. The ergothioneine concentration in the mushroom extract was quantified and characterized using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The optimized values of responses were obtained at a pressure of 21 MPa, a temperature of 48 °C and a co-solvent amount of 133 ml, yielding an ergothioneine content of 1.35 mg/g dw, total phenol content of 5.48 mg GAE/g dw, and IC50 for DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 0.008 mg/ml. A higher desirability value of 0.98 for model demonstrated that response surface methodology can be successfully applied for optimizing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of antioxidants from P. ostreatus. A good correlation was found between DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ergothioneine (R² = 0.94) as well as with polyphenols (R² = 0.95).     

Comparative study on the flavonoids extraction rate and antioxidant activity of onions treated by three different drying methods

Onions, rich in flavonoids, with antioxidant, antibacterial, and other biological activities, are often used as extraction of raw materials to obtain health products with high flavonoids content. However, the amount of raw material consumption is large due to low yield of extracts from fresh onions. As a result, dried onions often are used as extraction materials. The effects of air drying (AD), freeze-drying (FD), and microwave freeze-drying (MFD) on the flavonoids extraction yield of onions were investigated. The most effective and economical method was hot AD. On the other hand, the flavonoids extraction rate of onions dried by MFD was the fastest. FD could also obtain high extraction rate, but it cost the highest energy consumption. In order to obtain relatively rapid, economic, and effective extraction of onion flavonoids, onions can be dried by MFD or AD method.     

羊栖菜多糖提取物及其润肤霜的保湿和抗氧化活性

采用超声细胞破碎辅助水提-醇沉法提取羊栖菜多糖(FSF),测定其抗氧化活性和保湿性能,并用其制备润肤霜,体外评价该润肤霜的保湿性能,使用皮肤外涂实验考察该润肤霜对小鼠皮肤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:羊栖菜多糖提取物(EFSF)具有较强的自由基清除能力,保湿性能优于甘油;该润肤霜同样具有较好的保湿性能,在干燥环境下198 h的失水率为4.33%,在相对湿度43%环境下198 h的失水率为2.36%;皮肤外涂实验表明,与阴性对照组(仅含基质的润肤霜)、阳性对照组(0.3%熊果苷润肤霜)相比,该润肤霜均可显著增强小鼠皮肤的羟自由基清除能力(403.65 U/mgprot)、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(810.52 U/gprot)、总抗氧化能力(11.58 U/mgprot)和T-SOD活性(81.11 U/mgprot),显著提高羟脯氨酸含量(43.49 mg/L)以及降低MDA含量(2.12 nmol/mgprot)。     

光度法研究华芦荟叶的抗氧化活性

用不同溶剂对华芦荟叶进行超声提取,以标准抗氧化剂为对照,测定了提取液对自由基.OH和.DPPH的清除能力、铁还原能力,并采用IC50值对其抗氧化能力进行评价,实验结果表明,乙酸乙酯的提取液对.OH和.DPPH清除率均较高,其IC50值分别为4.41mg/ml dw,5.73 mg/ml dw。甲醇提取物的铁还原能力显示最高。分析华芦荟中黄酮或酚含量与FRAP的相关性,表明定华芦荟叶的抗氧化能力主要与酚含量相关。     

Optimization of extraction time and temperature for antioxidant activity of edible wild mushroom,Pleurotus porrigens

The extraction time and temperature of Pleurotus porrigens were optimized for the maximization of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical cation inhibition activities, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) using response surface methodology (RSM). A rotatable central composite design consisting of 14 experimental runs with three replicates at the central points was applied and second-order polynomial models were used to describe the experimental data regarding the responses. The experimental results adequately fitted into the second-order polynomial models with significant linear, quadratic and interaction effects of the independent variables. The optimized conditions were 372.8 min/32.0 °C (DPPH); 340.9 min/36.8 °C (ABTS); 240.0 min/38.1 °C (FRAP); and 310.1 min/43.6 °C (TPC) with corresponding yields of 32.66%; 91.21%; 7.91 mM Fe²⁺ equivalent/100 g; and 494 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, respectively. The experimental values were close with those predicted values, indicating suitability of the model employing RSM for optimizing the extraction time and temperature on antioxidant activity from P. porrigens.     

田基黄槲皮素提取液的抗氧化活性研究

在芝麻油中添加田基黄槲皮素提取液,考察紫外光、反应温度对芝麻油过氧化值的影响以及提取液的自由基清除能力。结果表明,分别用紫外灯照射6 h和60℃下加热10 h,添加田基黄槲皮素提取液的芝麻油,其过氧化值比添加BHT和未添加抗氧化剂低14.73%,25.53%和38.4%,70.3%;自由基清除能力实验表明,60℃时,槲皮素提取液的还原能力是BHT的1.88倍;50℃时的羟基自由基清除率、O2-.清除率和过氧化氢清除率分别是BHT的1.49,1.02倍和1.04倍。     

Optimization of pressurized hot water extraction on the extract yield and antioxidant activity from Biebersteinia multifida DC using a modified supercritical fluid extractor

Essential oil of Biebersteinia multifida DC cultivated in Iran was obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) methods. The oil was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detections. The effects of different parameters such as temperature, pressure, static extraction time, dynamic extraction time, and flow rate on the PHWE and radical scavenging activity of B. multifida oil were optimized using circumscribed central composite. Fifty two compounds were identified in the HD oil. The major components of B. multifida were (E)-Nerolidol (31.45%), Hexadecanoic acid (11.84%), Phytol (17.1%), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (15.4%). However, by using pressurized hot water extraction in optimum conditions, obtained only four components contain more than 86% of the essential oil. The optimum extraction yield and DPPH EC₅₀ via PHWE method were 5.1% (w/w) and 28.40, respectively.     

红枣果肉中黄酮类物质的提取及抗氧化性研究

探讨超声辅助法提取红枣果肉中黄酮的最佳工艺条件。通过正交实验确定新疆红枣最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度50%,提取时间50 min,料液比为1∶30 g/m L,总黄酮提取率8.91 mg/g;陕北红枣的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%,提取时间50 min,料液比为1∶20 g/m L,总黄酮提取率可达18.56 mg/g。新疆和陕北红枣黄酮提取液对O-2·和·OH都有较强的清除能力。     

杜仲叶中总黄酮抗氧化性能研究

对杜仲叶黄酮提取物进行了抗氧化性能研究。结果表明,杜仲叶黄酮提取物具有较好的还原能力,同时对超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,且随着黄酮添加量的增大活性增强。研究表明,杜仲叶黄酮是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

杜仲叶中总黄酮抗氧化性能研究

对杜仲叶黄酮提取物进行了抗氧化性能研究。结果表明,杜仲叶黄酮提取物具有较好的还原能力,同时对超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,且随着黄酮添加量的增大活性增强。研究表明,杜仲叶黄酮是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

柑橘皮总黄酮的提取及抗氧化性研究

采取乙醇索氏提取法、纤维素酶辅助法、微波提取法以及超声波提取法从柑橘皮中提取总黄酮,研究了用超声波法得到的柑橘皮提取物中总黄酮对O2-·和·OH的抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声波法提取柑橘皮中总黄酮提取率最高,可达1.583%。柑橘皮提取物中总黄酮对O2-·和·OH清除能力良好。为柑橘皮作为天然抗氧化剂和功能性食品的开发利用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

夏黑葡萄花色苷的提取及抗氧化活性研究

探究了超声波辅助提取夏黑葡萄花色苷的最佳工艺及其抗氧化能力。采用Box-Behnken响应面法研究液料比、超声时间和温度这3个因素及其交互作用对花色苷提取的影响。结果表明,优化后的提取工艺为:液料比为3∶1(m L/g),超声时间为21 min,温度为59℃。此条件下提取的总花色苷含量和模型预测值的相对误差仅为3.17%。还考察了夏黑葡萄花色苷对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2~-)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,研究结果表明,本实验提取的花色苷具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除自由基的能力与浓度存在量效关系。     

夏黑葡萄花色苷的提取及抗氧化活性研究

探究了超声波辅助提取夏黑葡萄花色苷的最佳工艺及其抗氧化能力。采用Box-Behnken响应面法研究液料比、超声时间和温度这3个因素及其交互作用对花色苷提取的影响。结果表明,优化后的提取工艺为:液料比为3∶1(m L/g),超声时间为21 min,温度为59℃。此条件下提取的总花色苷含量和模型预测值的相对误差仅为3.17%。还考察了夏黑葡萄花色苷对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2^-)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,研究结果表明,本实验提取的花色苷具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除自由基的能力与浓度存在量效关系。     

银杏叶总黄酮的提取及其抗氧化性的研究

采取微波辅助乙醇法提取银杏叶总黄酮,探讨最佳提取条件及产品的抗氧化性活性。研究表明,提取的影响因素顺序为乙醇浓度>固液比>微波时间>微波功率,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度90%,固液比1∶40(g/mL),微波时间20 min,微波功率600 W。抗氧化的实验表明,银杏叶黄酮提取物对超氧阴离子、羟自由基和DPPH自由基均有较强的清除作用,且随着添加量的增大而增强。同浓度的银杏提取物比同浓度的Vc溶液清除效果好。     

Free radical scavenging capacity as related to antioxidant activity and ginsenoside composition of Asian and North American ginseng extracts

Different Panax species derived from Asia (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and North America (Panax quinquefolium L.) were extracted by methanol and evaluated for relative ginsenoside composition and antioxidant activities. Ginseng root contained a greater proportion of total ginsenoside compared to ginseng hair analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. North American ginseng root was characterized with undetectable ginsenoside Rf and greater Rb₁/Rb₂ than Asian ginseng root. Panax quinquefolium exhibited a relatively higher (P<0.05) affinity to scavenge free radical than panax ginseng using the 2,2-azobis (3-ethylbenzothine-6-thine-6-surfonic acid) radical model. In a bilayer lamella suspension oxidation model induced by peroxyl radicals, ginseng samples exhibited notable antioxidant activity. Specifically, however, the P. quinquefolium extracts delayed lipid peroxidation longer (P<0.05) than the P. ginseng extracts. Ginseng extracts from both Panax species protected human low-density lipoprotein against cupric ion-mediated oxidation. Similar protection was observed against peroxyl radical-induced supercoiled DNA breakage. A pure ginsenoside standard (e.g., Rb₁) produced similar results. The antioxidant activities of different ginseng species and specific plant parts include free radical scavenging and may be related to ginsenoside Rb₁/Rb₂ content.