Social metacognition and the creation of correct,new ideas: A statistical discourse analysis of online mathematics discussions

During asynchronous, online mathematics discussions, new ideas and justifications (knowledge content) and evaluations and invitations to participate (social metacognition) can influence the likelihood of a correct, new idea (CNI) in the current message. Using statistical discourse analysis, we modeled 894 messages by 183 participants on 60 high school mathematics topics on a mathematics problem solving website not connected to any class or school. Results showed that CNIs, justifications, and social metacognition (correct evaluations and questions) in recent messages increased the likelihood of a CNI in the current message. Meanwhile, more experienced participants (who had posted more messages on the website) had more CNIs, and participants who initiated topics had fewer CNIs. Applied to practice, these results suggest that teachers can facilitate students’ creation of CNIs by encouraging them to justify their ideas, evaluate one another’s ideas carefully, and ask questions during online mathematics discussions.     

Peer evaluation in online anchored discussion for an increased local relevance of replies

This study investigates the use of an evaluation function to increase the local relevance of replies in online anchored discussion. Being implemented in a university course on French linguistics, a regular system for anchored discussion is compared with two versions that are enhanced with an integrated evaluation function. The function asks students to evaluate the relevance of each others’ replies. To compare between experimental and control conditions, the collaboration protocols are analysed with a newly developed coding scheme for the local relevance of replies. Statistical processing of the data is done with a multilevel approach and results indicate that an evaluation function can effectively increase the local relevance of students’ replies, but only if it is actually used to a certain extent. Using the evaluation function is hypothesized to increase students’ awareness of the importance of writing relevant replies.     

The affordance of anchored discussion for the collaborative processing of academic texts

A system for “anchored discussion” is compared with a system for traditional forum discussion (Blackboard), and their collaborative and communicative affordances for the collaborative processing of academic texts are investigated. Results show that discussion in the system for anchored discussion is more directed at processing the meaning of texts than discussion in the traditional forum, which is more oriented towards the sharing of personal opinions and experiences. This difference in orientation produces a more constructive collaboration in the system for anchored discussion, versus a more debate-like collaboration in the forum discussion. Additionally, while messages in the traditional forum resemble usual discussion or email conversation and contain social and regulative comments, discussion in the system for anchored discussion is seen to be more efficient and “to-the-point.” We conclude that for collaborative text comprehension by undergraduate students, anchored discussion might be more suitable than traditional forum discussion. Finally, the observed differences can be explained by the stronger defined collaborative context in the system for anchored discussion, which focuses participants’ collaborative intentions and their frames of reference.     

基于SPSS的可重构统计过程控制系统

为满足制造企业多样、敏捷的统计过程控制（SPC)需求,实现单元应用以及与其他制造信息系统的集成应用,通过分析和构建SPC领域模型,提出并实现了基于社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)的可重构统计过程控制系统。通过引入SPSS组件,执行SPSS Syntax命令,基于SPSS强大的统计分析功能实现对SPC的可视化统计分析,并以具有扩展点的组件化可重构架构满足企业应用模式和配置模式的可重构需求。最后以实例说明系统具有良好的可用性,为制造企业全面质量控制提供了一种数字化手段和应用平台。     

统计分析软件驱动的可重构SPC系统

全面集成化的制造企业信息系统需要多样化、敏捷化的统计过程控制（Statistical Process Control,SPC）系统,以实现基于数据的产品质量管理决策。基于领域分析构造了SPC领域模型,设计了基于通用统计分析软件平台的可重构SPC系统框架,以具有扩展点的组件化可重构架构满足制造企业应用模式和配置模式的可重构需求。然后采用SPSS（Statistical Package for the Social Science,社会科学统计软件包）实现了可重构SPC系统,通过引入SPSS组件,执行SPSS Syntax命令,实现对SPC的可视化统计分析。最后以加工误差分析实例说明系统的有效性,为全面质量控制提供了一种数字化应用。     

邻域扩展机制增强的图平行聚焦注意力社会化推荐系统

社会化推荐系统旨在基于用户的评分历史和社交关系,预测其对未交互商品的评分.现有的社会化推荐系统大多基于图神经网络,然而,低效率的注意力机制和过度平滑问题在一定程度上限制评分预测的精准性和可解释性.为此,文中提出邻域扩展机制增强的图平行聚焦注意力社会化推荐系统.首先,平行图聚焦注意力网络,将用户的整体偏好分解为多方面的细粒度偏好,并引入聚焦注意力机制作为消息传递算法,根据用户-商品交互历史识别最符合用户相应偏好的商品,同时从社交网络中识别用户基于不同偏好的可信朋友.然后,提出邻域扩展机制,建立快捷链接的方式,直接实现中心节点与高阶节点间的消息传递,有效提升图聚焦注意力网络在高阶自我中心网络中捕获社交信息的能力.最后,在3个公开基准数据集上的实验表明文中系统在精准推荐方面的优越性,一系列可视化案例分析展示出其良好的可解释性.代码地址详见:https://github.com/usernameAI/NEGA.     

The expression of social presence through the use of figurative language in a web-based learning environment

The present paper’s aim is to investigate how the participants of an online learning environment employed written language in a creative way through the spontaneous use of figurative language. The content analysis showed that figurative language was a means to express the social dimension either to refer to the self, feelings and emotions, or to conceptualize the components of the virtual learning setting. The research context was a 10-week course, delivered at a distance via a computer conferencing system, addressed to 57 student teachers. The analysis was carried out in the social and meta-cognitive reflection areas, those areas which are mainly related to the expression of the social dimension The study had three different purposes: to investigate the distribution of figurative language during the course length; to explore the relation between the participants’ educational background and their use of figurative language, and to examine the relation between figurative language and the structure of the communication threads. The results indicate that participants tended to use figurative language more when meaningful or critical events happened. The higher the emotional involvement was, the more metaphorical language was adopted. Further results suggest that the adoption of figurative language seems to be related more to individual attitude, than to other factors such as educational background. Finally, figurative language occurrences were not concentrated in specific kinds of postings or threads and did not encourage further use of figurative language.     

Annotations and the collaborative digital library: Effects of an aligned annotation interface on student argumentation and reading strategies

Recent research on annotation interfaces provides provocative evidence that anchored, annotation-based discussion environments may lead to better conversations about a text. However, annotation interfaces raise complicated tradeoffs regarding screen real estate and positioning. It is argued that solving this screen real estate problem requires limiting the number of annotations displayed to users. In order to understand which annotations have the most learning value for students, this paper presents two complementary studies examining the effects of annotations on students performing a reading-to-write task. The first study used think-aloud protocols and a within-subjects methodology, finding that annotations appeared to provoke students to reflect more critically upon the primary text. This effect was particularly strong when students encountered pairs of annotations presenting different viewpoints on the same section of text. Student interviews suggested that annotations were most helpful when they caused the reader to consider and weigh conflicting viewpoints. The second study used a between-subjects methodology and a more naturalistic task to provide complementary evidence that annotations encourage more reflective responses to a text. This study found that students who received annotated materials both perceived themselves and were perceived by instructors as less reliant on unreflective summary strategies than students who received the same content but in a different format. These findings indicate that the learning value of an annotation lies in its ability to provoke students to consider and weigh new perspectives on the primary text. When selected effectively, annotations provide a critical scaffolding that can support students’ critical thinking and argumentation activities. Collaborative digital libraries and applications for the Web 2.0 should be designed with this learning framework in mind.     

Interactivist–constructivist foundations for embodying attention

This article discusses the increasing use of ideas from, and consistency with, the embodiment program in artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. A model is embodied if it is (1) functionally grounded in behavioral regulation and (2) strongly constrained by both the physical and computational parameters of its implementation. The main goal of this is to put forward some dynamical foundations for embodying attention. A recent embodied model of attention is discussed in this context. It is shown that although the model's framework qualifies as embodied, its specific implementation does not. From here, its framework is used to develop a reconstruction of the model's dynamics, from which a new implementation which fits more closely into the embodiment program can be developed in the future. A general strategy of using dynamic considerations to constrain the development of embodied models is in this way advanced.     

The eyes of creativity: Impact of social comparison and individual creativity on performance and attention to others’ ideas during electronic brainstorming

The present research aimed to examine how social comparison and individual differences in creativity might influence creative performance and attention paid to ideas generated by a partner during an electronic brainstorming session. After completing a creativity scale, forty-one psychology undergraduates generated ideas by computer with a remote partner/confederate presented as a student in either Arts (upward comparison) or Sciences (downward comparison) and who was instructed to give a list of pretested ideas. During the idea-generation task, the eye movements of each participant were tracked to measure the attention they paid to the ideas of their partner. As predicted, results showed that the quality (but not the quantity) of ideas was greater in upward than downward comparison, but only for high creative participants. Similar patterns were found for attention allocated to the partner’s ideas. We discuss the role of motivational and attentional processes for electronic brainstorming research.     

Investigating social network patterns within an empathic online community for older people

In this paper, we study the social network structure of an online discussion board within SeniorNet, an empathic online community for older people. We apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) to analyse the communication patterns and relationships between members of the discussion board. In addition to looking at the structure of the exchanged messages within the discussion board as a whole, we also investigate associations between the communication content and the social network patterns. Our findings show distinct differences between the social network patterns of empathic and non-empathic communications. For example, members are more connected and closer to each other in the social networks that are based on empathic communication compared to non-empathic communication. Additionally our results show that the type of empathic communication (e.g. different kinds of support) is linked to the social network structure within the discussion board.     

Visualizing the evolution of a web-based social network

Weblogs are dynamic websites updated via easy-to-use content management systems and organized as a set of chronologically ordered stories, frequently built around a link or including links to other weblogs. Since they are managed by individuals, their links tend to mirror or, in some cases, establish new types of social relations, thereby creating a social network. Studying the evolution of this network allows the discovery of emerging social structures and their growth trends. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantages of using the self-organizing maps (SOM) to visualize the evolution of a social network formed by a set of blogs, from their beginning to their current state. By observing the position a weblog is mapped to, it is easy to see what communities it belongs to nowadays, and how and when it became a part of those communities. The proposed procedure gives some insight on how communities are formed and have evolved. In this study, we apply this method to Blogalia, a blog-hosting site from which we have obtained a complete set of data and, by using SOM projections, we have drawn some conclusions on what drives the evolution of its implicit social network.     

电信企业集中报表系统设计与实现

随着电信市场竞争的日益激烈,电信企业的发展面临着前所未有的挑战。要想在竞争中立于不败之地,就有必要不断增强企业的精确化管理和精确化营销。报表作为电信企业经营数据的组织和输出方式在企业信息平台中起着重要的作用。本课题以电信业务统计需求为背景,对电信集中报表系统进行了分析和设计。     

A system to assist survey analysts

The researcher who knows little about computers but wants to conduct a survey and analyse the results by computer can land himself in some difficulty if he does not appreciate some of the problems of computerization. This paper describes a system which is designed to aid such a person by providing assistance with the design of the questionnaire, the capturing of the data and the final analyses.     

DOBNet: exploiting the discourse of deception behaviour to uncover online deception strategies

Online deception is fuelled by the escalated penetration of the Internet and social media. As the threat of online deception increases, understanding deception behaviour and underlying strategies is having a greater social impact. The verbal behaviour of online deception has recently been extended to the discourse level; nevertheless, discourse behaviours have been examined in isolation without referring to other behaviours in the discourse. By conceptualising the discourse of online behaviour as a social network (DOBNet), this research investigates possible impacts of deception intent on the central structures of DOBNet at three different levels: the discourse behaviour, subnetwork, and whole network. The empirical results of discourse network analysis and statistical tests provide partial support for each of the hypothesised effects. The findings not only demonstrate the efficacy of discourse in distinguishing deceivers from truth-tellers but also extend deception theories by confirming deception strategies from the perspective of discourse network and by uncovering unique characteristics of online deception strategies.     

Urban Tapestries: Wireless networking, public authoring and social knowledge

Urban Tapestries is an action research project combining social research interaction design and cultural production. The project is developing a prototype system for accessing and publishing location specific content wirelessly, and creating sound maps of environments and journeys that can be shared remotely.     

过抽样混沌映射在语音通信中的应用研究

通过对混沌序列特性的研究;提出一种基于过抽样Chebyshev、Logistic混沌映射相结合为混沌密钥的方法对语音信号进行加密处理;克服了传统混沌序列加密时密钥简单造成安全性较低的缺点。在生成多参数混沌密钥的基础上;构建语音信号加密传输系统实现信号加密、调制;并在接收端实现信号解调和解密仿真过程。实验结果证明;该方法的应用使混沌密钥参数增加为多个;使得加密系统拥有更高的安全及保密性能;可以更好地应用于加密通信中。     

一种基于混沌映射的真随机比特发生器

提出了一种用任意分布的模拟随机源对一维分段线性映射的参数进行调制来获得真随机比特的方法。统计检验证实了所产生的随机比特流具有理想的分布特性。