封隔器胶筒大变形的粘-滑摩擦接触分析

采用罚函数方法,结合橡胶大变形问题的增量分析过程,考虑封隔器胶筒与套管之间的粘-滑摩擦接触问题,研究摩擦因数变化对接触压力的影响规律。给出解决封隔器胶筒摩擦接触问题的数值方法,并在此基础上对胶筒与套管之间的摩擦接触进行有限元分析,分析得到采用大变形非线性粘弹性理论和接触摩擦描述的有限元模型,可以比较准确模拟封隔器在坐封和工作过程中胶筒接触压力和变彤的情况,结果表明,摩擦因数变化对封隔器胶筒的接触压力有着较明显的影响。     

含摩擦环节伺服系统的分析及控制补偿研究

讨论了伺服系统中摩擦环节的特点和由摩擦引起的爬行、混沌现象。介绍了含摩擦环节的伺服系统的分析方法、补偿手段及其研究现状,展望这一领域今后的研究方向。     

摩擦振子的混沌振荡研究

研究了包含摩擦环节的强迫振动的质量、弹簧、阻尼系统中出现的混沌振荡现象。根据数值计算结果,分析了摩擦力及系统参数对混沌行为的影响,并给出了系统的相图、时间历程、Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ截面图以及功率谱,揭示了系统对初始条件敏感的内在本质。     

Identification of micro-vibro-impacts at boundary condition of a nonlinear beam

Under high amplitude vibrations, contact interfaces experience micro-vibro-impacts and frictional slips. These nonlinear mechanisms can introduce response nonlinearity and energy dissipation into the structures containing them. Beams are widely used in engineering structures and almost in every application they are subjected to boundary conditions. Boundary conditions may contain nonlinear contact interfaces. Therefore, modeling accurately the micro-vibro-impacts and frictional slips developing at the boundary condition of a beam is important in structural dynamics. Ignoring this may result in major discrepancies between experimental observations and theoretical calculations. In this paper identification of micro-vibro-impacts and frictional slips at boundary condition of a nonlinear beam is considered. The structure, being modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, is analyzed using nonlinear normal modes. A reduced-order model governing the dynamic response of the beam near its first resonant point is resulted from the analysis. Identification of the nonlinear boundary condition parameters can be performed by means of the reduced order model and using experimental results.     

考虑摩擦影响的重型车床横向进给伺服系统建模与分析

进给伺服系统的性能对数控(Computer numerical control,CNC)机床的跟踪及定位精度、零件加工表面质量等有着重要的影响。摩擦的非线性还会导致系统产生爬行行为。结合Karnopp摩擦模型的建模思想,对导轨接触面建立一种改进的Stribeck摩擦模型,针对闭环控制的某重型车床的横向进给系统,建立综合考虑轴的扭转刚度、齿轮的啮合刚度、丝杠螺母副接触刚度、丝杠轴和轴承轴向刚度、导轨接触面摩擦的进给伺服系统的多自由度力学模型和数学模型,研究低速进给下各个刚度变化对工作台输出的影响,找出机械传动系统中的刚度薄弱环节。现场试验测试工作台不同进给位置下的临界爬行速度,得出临界爬行速度与丝杠的轴向刚度的关系,理论分析与试验结果相吻合。所得结论可为该重型车床横向进给伺服系统的优化设计和性能预测提供理论支持。     

Slip-stick motion in harmonic oscillator chains subject to Coulomb friction

Slip-stick motion is an extremely common phenomenon that exists in systems as diverse as tectonic plates, door hinges, and AFM probes. An examination of a simple harmonic oscillator subject to Coulomb friction has uncovered an important non-dimensional number that governs slip-stick motion. In this simple model, the boundary between systems that undergo slip-stick motion and steady sliding has been identified by a critical value of this non-dimensional number as a function of damping ratio. The non-dimensional number was found using a non-dimensionalisation of a simple one degree-of-freedom system, however, it has been found to govern the slip-stick boundaries of more complex systems with any number of degrees-of-freedom.     

无级变速器金属带滑移特性试验研究

为提高金属带摩擦传动的效率,改善搭载无级变速器的车辆的燃油经济性,研究金属带的滑移特性。搭建金属带滑移特性试验台架,通过台架试验,研究不同速比、不同夹紧力与不同主动轮转速三种工况下滑移率与摩擦因数关系的滑移特性,试验结果表明在滑移率的前段区间,摩擦因数随滑移率增加而快速增加,在滑移率的后段区间,摩擦因数保持稳定并有减小的趋势;速比对滑移特性影响明显,同一滑移率,速比越小,摩擦因数越大;夹紧力与主动轮转速对滑移特性的影响可以忽略。根据滑移特性的试验结果,提出目标滑移区域的定义——滑移效率限制区域(Slip efficiency limit region,SELR)与滑移磨损限制区域(Slip abrasion limit region,SALR)。为高效率的夹紧力控制算法的开发提供依据,为提高金属带的传动效率找到了一种新方法。     

Frictional force microscopic detection of anisotropy at NaCl (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces

Frictional coefficients were measured at atom-flat NaCl (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces with frictional force microscopy. At the electrically neutral (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) surfaces in 15% relative humidity, lower friction was detected along 1 1 0 direction where the same kind of ions are aligned, than along 1 0 0 direction where different ions alternate. Low and isotropic friction was observed at the polar (1 1 1) surface. The results were explained by the gradients of electrostatic interaction potentials between a dipole at the tip and the ions at the surface. Toward higher relative humidity up to 60%, frictions at the (1 0 0) surface decreased indicating lubrication effect by water. The changes observed for the (1 1 0) surface suggested presence of adsorbed water in stripe pattern along the 1 1 0 direction. In the higher humidity range, frictional force increased at all the surfaces, probably due to larger normal force caused by the meniscus force.     

非库仑摩擦转子试验台碰摩分叉行为

采用库仑摩擦力和非库仑摩擦力模型,建立悬臂双盘碰摩转子系统的运动微分方程。利用数值仿真方法,以转速为分叉参数分析了系统运动状态。分析结果表明,采用两种摩擦力模型时,系统产生分叉转速范围和转速带宽均有明显不同,系统通向混沌的道路主要是阵发性分叉和周期分叉。数值仿真结果与碰摩试验结果一致,且在相对速度影响系数B1=0．3和B2=0．06或B1=0．15和B2=0．06的情况下,宜采用非库仑摩擦力模型。     

Theoretical Substantiation of the Slip Index Approach to Fretting

A theoretical basis is presented for a previous fully empirical development of the unified approach to fretting that was based on a new similarity criterion termed slip index. It is shown that the slip index can be analytically derived from any friction loop geometry and hence, can be used for the characterization of any fretting system.     

2D rolling contact problem involving frictional heating

Rolling of an elastic thermoinsulated cylinder on a thermoelastic half-space is investigated. The frictional heating due to the slipping in the contact area is involved. The problem is reduced to a nonlinear system of integral equations which is solved iteratively. The effects of the heat generated on the rolling contact are explored.     

Stick–slip friction in dissimilar polymer pairs used in automobile interiors

The static and dynamic friction of dissimilar pairs of plastics used in automotive interiors was measured as a function of normal load, system stiffness, and surface roughness. Glass fiber filled polypropylene (FPP) was slid on polycarbonate (PC) and glass fiber filled styrene–maleic–anhydride copolymer (SMAC) in a single pass, unidirectional sliding test. The friction was characterized by the value of static coefficient of friction (COF) and the number of stick–slip cycles during sliding. It was found that the FPP/PC and FPP/SMAC pairs had fewer instances of stick slip than FPP/FPP, PC/PC, and SMAC/SMAC pairs except for one of the SMAC polymers. The surface texture which had the smallest average radius of peak curvature, had the lowest value of static COF. The decrease in the static COF of polypropylene (PP) caused by the addition of glass fiber was most likely caused by the increase in elastic modulus and hardness.     

变滑动磨擦系数振动系统最优化计算方法研究

研究了两自由度滑动摩擦系数随相对速度变化的干摩擦振动系统简谐激励响应计算问题,通过将干摩擦力中的理想干摩擦力（Coulomb dry friction)部分进行Fourier级数展开,取级数展开的第一项作为近似,结合一次谐波平衡法,推导出了系统的非线性频响方程组,运用最优化理论中求解非线性方程组的梯度算法,给出非线性频响方程组的数值迭代格式,最后,通过一个数值例分析讨论了干摩擦力对系统响应的重要作用。     

摩擦系数随速度变化振动系统Fourier级数计算方法研究

研究了单自由度滑动摩擦系数随相对速度变化的干摩擦振动系统简谐激励响应计算问题 ,提出了 Fourier级数展开结合一次谐波近似方法 ,并推导了相应的频响方程。通过一个数值算例分析 ,考察了简化为理想干摩擦模型时带来的计算误差。     

金属成形数值模拟中的接触单元法

给出了一种基于罚函数方法及库仑摩擦规律的点一面接触形式的接触单元法,根据等向滑动函数的概念,推导了粘着接触与滑动接触的接触单元刚度阵,由于这种方法在单元积分点引入接触约束,扩大了接触搜索面积,因而接计算更加稳定。数值计算表明该方法能得到较好的结果。     

变滑动摩擦系数振子简谐激励Krylov-Bogoliubov 计算方法

研究了单自由度滑动摩擦系数随相对速度变化的干摩擦振动系统简谐激励响应计算问题,运用Krylov-Bogoliubov近似方法推导了相应的频响方程。通过一个数值例分析,考察了简化为理想干摩擦模型时带来的计算误差。     

考虑路面影响的车辆稳定性控制质心侧偏角动态边界控制

路面附着系数与车辆稳定性控制的效果紧密联系,因此有必要在考虑路面影响的情况下设计一种能够适用于多种路面的质心侧偏角控制策略。在7自由度非线性动力学模型的基础上,由车轮侧向力与路面附着的关系,分析不同路面对质心侧偏角控制的影响。根据路面附着系数的不同,通过定义极限边界和线性区域边界,设计变化的动态质心侧偏角安全边界。根据横摆角速度增益判断车辆是否处于非线性状态,并在有逼近安全边界的趋势时提前施加控制,以避免产生由车轮纵向力增加引起的侧向力减小所造成的加剧车辆侧滑的趋势。基于非线性输入的滑模控制算法设计质心侧偏角控制器。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实车试验验证了该控制方法能够在不同附着路面条件下的有效地保证汽车的行驶稳定性。     

有机无灰减摩剂对流体动压润滑减摩性能影响机制

有机无灰减摩剂能减低流体动压润滑摩擦因数,对提升流体动压润滑性能提供了新思路。采用单油酸甘油酯、油酸、季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、司盘80作为有机无灰减摩剂,以质量分数5%与PAO 5基础油进行调和,制备4种不同润滑油样,采用流体动压润滑试验机对比其摩擦学性能。试验结果表明,有机无灰减摩剂在边界润滑和混合润滑中均具有一定减摩效果,在流体动压润滑下减摩效果更明显。其中,含质量分数5%季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯的油样具有最佳的减摩作用,其在流体动压润滑状态下可使基础油的摩擦因数降低19.6%。分子动力学模拟结果显示,有机无灰减摩剂在摩擦表面产生滑移现象,减少了分子间碳链的相互缠绕,进而降低流体动压润滑下的摩擦因数。