桑葚酵素饮料的发酵工艺研究及其质量评价

超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)是重要的生物活性因子。以桑葚为原料,SOD酶活力为指标,单因素及正交试验优化桑葚酵素饮料的发酵工艺。优化后的桑葚酵素饮料的发酵工艺为发酵菌种为醋酸菌,初始糖度14Brix,接种量10%,发酵温度30℃、发酵时间24 h。此工艺条件下制备的桑葚酵素饮料的SOD酶活力达24 122.2 U/m L,比桑葚果汁的SOD酶活力(10 818.7 U/mL)提高了123%。桑葚酵素饮料色泽紫红鲜艳,酸味柔和,口感上佳,具有桑葚果香和醋香,其感官指标、理化指标及微生物指标符合相关国家标准。     

雪花梨酵素二步发酵工艺优化

该试验对二步发酵法制备雪花梨酵素的工艺进行了优化。以雪花梨为原料,采用Plackett-Burman试验从影响酵母菌发酵的6因素中筛选出料液比、发酵温度、接种量、发酵时间4个显著影响因素,在此基础上以总酚含量和蛋白酶活力为评价指标通过Box-Behnken试验对酵母菌的发酵条件进行优化,以超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）活力和可滴定酸含量为评价指标,采用单因素试验对植物乳杆菌的发酵条件进行优化,并以总酚含量、蛋白酶活力、SOD活力、可滴定酸含量、pH值及可溶性固形物含量（Soluble Solids Content,SSC）确定最终植物乳杆菌接种时间,最终确定酵母菌和植物乳杆菌二步发酵制备雪花梨酵素最佳工艺参数为：发酵液起始pH值4.5、料液比1:1、糖添加量13%,一步发酵接种酵母菌0.14%、在26 ℃下发酵24 h后,二步发酵接种植物乳杆菌1.50%、在39 ℃下发酵36 h。此条件制得雪花梨酵素酸甜适中,色泽均匀,体态澄清,无杂质,具有发酵梨果特有香气,总酚含量32.32 μg/mL,蛋白酶活力45.15 U/mL,SOD活力1 140 U/mL,可滴定酸4.43 g/L,pH值3.49,SSC 11.3 Brix%,符合食用液态植物酵素对理化指标的要求。该结果可为雪花梨酵素的综合开发提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化植物乳杆菌发酵混合蔬菜汁

为了研究一种利用植物乳杆菌发酵的由紫甘蓝、胡萝卜和西红柿混合的饮品。文章确定了由紫甘蓝、胡萝卜和西红柿按照6∶3∶1的比例配制的蔬菜汁,以此为培养基,利用植物乳杆菌发酵产酸。并在单因素实验的基础上,以总酸为指标,利用响应面法对接种量、温度和时间进行发酵优化实验。结果表明,植物乳杆菌在接种量为4.2%,温度为36℃,发酵时间为77h时达到最佳条件。在该条件下进行验证实验,得到产酸总量为11.238g/L,与模型预测值11.242g/L接近,可用于预测植物乳杆菌的发酵条件,为进一步制备饮品提供了依据。     

干酪乳杆菌16发酵豆乳工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

采用干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)16对豆乳进行发酵,探究发酵时间、发酵温度、冷藏时间对L.casei 16发酵豆乳的pH、总酚含量、游离氨基酸含量、物性指标的影响,并研究其抗氧化能力。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为L.casei 16以2%接种量接种于豆乳,37℃发酵24h,发酵结束后4℃冷藏6h,该条件下发酵豆乳的总酚含量为13.94mg/100mL,游离氨基酸含量为1.33mg/mL,稠度达2 192.32g·s,总还原力和羟自由基清除能力分别为0.31和79.43%,显著高于未发酵豆乳和未优化发酵条件的豆乳(P<0.05)。     

不同酵母菌与植物乳杆菌复合发酵对新会柑酵素品质的影响

为评价不同酵母菌与植物乳杆菌复合发酵对新会柑酵素品质的影响,以新会柑新鲜果浆为原料,采用3种酵母菌种分别与植物乳杆菌进行复合发酵.追踪发酵过程中发酵液的酵母活菌数、总糖含量、pH和总酸的变化趋势,并比较不同发酵体系新会柑酵素的生物活性物质及其体外抗氧化活性.结果显示:三株酵母菌均可在新会柑中正常生长,但酿酒酵母和马克斯...     

植物乳杆菌163产抗菌物质的发酵条件优化

本文优化了从泡菜中发现的一株植物乳杆菌163产植物乳杆菌素的发酵条件,并通过单因素实验、PlackettBtmnan实验、Box-Behnken实验的响应面方法得到的最佳的发酵培养基为:麦芽糖浆55 g/L,玉米浆干粉20 g/L,乙酸钠8 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵6 g/L,吐温-80 1.26 g/L,发酵条件:初始p H4.7,接种量为2%。最终抑菌圈直径提高到了31.90 mm,比原来的MRS培养基发酵提升了1.10倍。本次优化不仅提升了发酵液的抑菌活性,并且获得了一种成本低廉的可以大规模应用的食品级培养基配方。      

植物乳杆菌发酵牛肉工艺条件的研究

选用植物乳杆菌作为发酵剂,考察了香辛料、食盐、亚硝酸盐、葡萄糖、菌种接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对发酵的影响。结果表明:植物乳酸菌能明显改善牛肉的品质,其最佳发酵条件为:香辛料0.3%,食盐3%,亚硝酸盐0.015%,接种量0.06%,葡萄糖3%,温度20℃,时间60 h。     

混菌发酵苹果酵素工艺研究

目的 以洛川苹果为原料,优化混菌发酵苹果酵素的工艺条件.方法 在单因素实验的基础上,酵母菌发酵以酵母菌接种量、发酵温度、料液比为自变量,植物乳杆菌发酵以白砂糖添加量、发酵温度、料液比为自变量,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性为响应值,通过响应面法得到单一菌种发酵的最佳条件.再通过考...     

乳杆菌强化发酵对苦荞酵素抗氧化特性及风味的影响

为提高苦荞酵素的口感与抗氧化能力，以还原力、SOD酶活力作为主要指标，分别考察植物乳杆菌(LBS8、MRS5)、副植物乳杆菌(MC6)、副干酪乳杆菌(SL1)4株乳杆菌强化发酵苦荞酵素情况，筛选1株优良菌株并研究其接种量、初始糖度、发酵温度、料液比对苦荞酵素发酵的影响，通过单因素实验及正交试验优化苦荞酵素发酵工艺。结果表明，植物乳杆菌LBS8发酵苦荞酵素还原力、SOD酶活力更强，将其作为强化菌株经单因素实验与正交优化，得到最佳工艺条件为：接种量6%，初始糖度16°Brix，发酵温度32℃，料液比1:7。所得酵素中还原力相当于0.753 mg/mL VC标准溶液，SOD酶活力为272.12 U/mL，总黄酮含量为0.521 mg/mL，总酚含量为2.75 mg/mL，谷胱甘肽含量为0.273 mg/mL，与对照组相比均有显著提升。通过GC-MS分析，苦荞酵素中含有乙酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、十一酸乙酯、丁二酮等特征性香味物质，赋予苦荞酵素独特的风味。与市售酵素发酵剂相比，利用植物乳杆菌强化发酵酵素总黄酮增加247%，总酚增加2%，谷胱甘肽增加36.5%，还原力提高30.73%，抗氧化能力提高3...     

双响应值联合优化药桑葚酵素发酵工艺及其抗氧化性的研究

以药桑葚为原料,探讨发酵工艺条件对酵素超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和总酚等指标的影响。通过响应面双响应值联合分析确定药桑葚酵素混菌发酵最佳工艺条件并对产品的抗氧化性进行研究。结果表明,药桑葚酵素发酵工艺条件为最佳温度36℃,最佳时间16.4 h,接种量8.33×10⁶ CFU/mL,固形物添加量1.6°Brix。得到的药桑葚酵素中SOD活力为329 U/g,总酚含量为9.11 mg/g。随着药桑葚酵素浓度的增加,抗氧化性不断增强。发酵工艺的优化可以有效提高药桑葚酵素的SOD活力、总酚含量,从而有利于提高酵素的抗氧化性。     

Development of fermented instant Chinese noodle using Lactobacillus plantarum

A new-type of instant Chinese noodle was developed with the application of lactic acid fermentation by lactobacilli. Since the pH value of the noodle sheets is alkaline with kansui (around 8.5), alkaline tolerance is required for the lactobacilli to ferment noodle sheets. The screening of the lactobacilli strains suitable for the fermentation was conducted using 46 strains from 12 species (including subspecies) of lactobacilli. Several strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum were found to be fermenters. Among these, L. plantarum NRIC 0380, that showed the highest fermentation rate and favorable modification of noodle, was selected as the best strain, and was employed for the pilot scale manufacture of instant Chinese noodle. During fermentation, L. plantarum NRIC 0380 produced lactic acid to about 11 g/kg noodle sheet after 24 h with a concomitant pH decrease from an initial of about 7.9 down to 3.9. Sensory test after rehydration with boiled water revealed that the fermented instant Chinese noodle sheets at pH 7.5 had increased hardness, elasticity and light sour taste.     

耐热型植物乳杆菌微胶囊粉剂

目的:提高植物乳杆菌的耐热性。方法:在前期研究的微胶囊乳液中加入2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(2-HP-β-CD),通过喷雾干燥法制备植物乳杆菌微胶囊粉剂。通过响应面法,对不同参数进行优化。采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜对其形态进行观察,通过激光粒度分析仪及Zeta电位分析仪测定其粒径电位,利用分光光度计测定其吸光度变化,并采用烘箱加热的方式进行耐热性试验。结果:随2-HP-β-CD与乳液质量比、进料速率、进风温度、进风速率增加,存活率呈先升后降的趋势(P<0.05);在2-HP-β-CD与乳液质量比为3.13、进料速率为288 mL/h、进风速率为112 m³/h、进风温度为118℃时,菌体存活率为(99.53±0.11)%,载菌量为1.64×10⁹ CFU/g;扫描电镜和显微结果显示微胶囊为中心凹陷的微粒,在水中呈球形分散,菌体聚集于内部,其水分散液吸光值1 h内变化不显著,Z-平均粒径为472.7 nm且粒径分布较集中,Zeta电位为-40.37 mV;微胶囊在130℃处理60 s,存活率为96.79%,与菌泥差异极其显著(P<0.0...     

基于复合诱变选育高抑菌活性植物乳杆菌

为了获得高抑菌性能的乳酸菌,以植物乳杆菌DY6为出发菌株,首先对其进行常压室温等离子体（atmospheric room temperature plasma, ARTP）和亚硝基胍（nitrosoguanidine,NTG）的复合诱变,获得了抑菌活性较强的诱变菌株AN-55、AN-58及AN-68,其抑菌活性分别提高了19.83%、21.91%和18.40%。随后,经遗传稳定性实验发现菌株AN-55的抑菌性能更加稳定,8次传代后其抑菌活性较野生型菌株仍能提高20.51%。与此同时,菌株AN-55的基因组重测序结果表明plnK、cps4G、pts9D等基因序列的改变可能对提高菌株抑菌活性有重要影响,为植物乳杆菌在天然防腐剂和抗生素替代物的应用奠定了理论基础。     

Pediocin PA-1 and a pediocin producing Lactobacillus plantarum strain do not change the HMA rat microbiota

The bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 has potential use as a food biopreservative, and understanding its effect on the commensal gut microbiota is important for assessment of consumer risks associated with the use of biopreservative cultures. Effects of ingested (i) pediocin PA-1 producing Lactobacillus plantarum DDEN 11007, (ii) the plasmid cured pediocin negative L. plantarum DDEN 12305, or (iii) supernatants of either of these two strains on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Human Microbiota Associated (HMA) rats were examined by selective cultivation and molecular methods. The culturable microbiota was in all treatments dominated by lactic acid bacteria and coliforms and no changes in the rat commensal microbiota were detected after ingestion of either of the two L. plantarum strains as determined by both culturable methods and molecular methods (DGGE). Both strains were detected in the faeces after ingestion. Pediocin PA-1 did not mediate changes of the rat microbiota, and a biological assay indicated that the bacteriocin was degraded or inactivated during passage through the intestine.     

Stress resistance of biofilm and planktonic Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum JCM 1149

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in resistance of biofilm and planktonic food spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to environmental stresses, which strongly inhibit bacterial growth and are important in food preservation or in disinfection. The stress responses of biofilm and planktonic cells of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum JCM 1149, which was used as a model spoilage bacterium, in various organic acids (namely, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid), ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite, were investigated using survival tests. The bacterial cells in biofilms showed greater resistance to all treatments than the planktonic bacterial cells in either the stationary or logarithmic phase. The planktonic bacterial cells showed reduced resistance to acetic acid after the cell suspension was diluted; however, intriguingly, the bacterial cells in biofilms maintained their resistance to acetic acid even after they were suspended or the cell suspension was diluted. These findings suggested the risk for food spoilage due to LAB derived from biofilms and suspended or diluted in foods, and demonstrated the importance of controlling biofilms of LAB in the food industry.     

Effect of a single oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 8862/8866 before and at the time point of weaning on intestinal microbial communities in piglets

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a single administration of two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (DSMZ 8862 and 8866) either before or at the time point of weaning can influence the intestinal microbiota of piglets. A total of 176 piglets were allocated into five groups: control (LP0), administration of 5 × 10⁹ or 5 × 10¹⁰ cfu at day 25 of life (LP1, LP2) and administration of 5 × 10⁹ or 5 × 10¹⁰ cfu at day 28 of life (LP3, LP4). Piglets were weaned on day 28 of life. On day 25 (LP1, LP2), 28 (LP0, LP3, LP4), 33 (all groups) and 39 (all groups) of life, 10–13 animals of each group were killed and genomic DNA was extracted from small and large intestinal contents. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis demonstrated that administration of L. plantarum had a significant effect in GIT microbial communities as revealed by the Simpson's index of diversity and cluster analysis based on the Dice similarity index; this effect was more pronounced in groups LP3 and LP4. A treatment dependent presence of Clostridium glycolicum-like, Lactobacillus sobrius-like, Eubacterium rectale-like and Roseburia faecalis-like phylotypes was observed. The results show that the administration of L. plantarum at the point of weaning can influence gastrointestinal microbiota in weaning piglets which may have positive results on gastrointestinal health.     

植物乳杆菌发酵提取未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实果胶工艺优化

目的:利用植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶,并分析植物乳杆菌发酵提取果胶的性质。方法:以果胶提取率为指标,采用正交试验优化植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶的工艺条件,并测定果胶的半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、蛋白质、持水性、持油性、乳化活性以及乳化稳定性。结果:植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为发酵温度37℃、植物乳杆菌发酵接种量14%、液料比25∶1 (mL/g)、发酵时间12 h。此条件下未成熟琯溪蜜柚果胶提取率为11.60%;果胶的半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、蛋白质、持水性、持油性、乳化活性以及乳化稳定性分别为26.13%、68.58%、1.57%、0.53 g/g、7.01 g/g、14.33%和33%。结论:植物乳杆菌发酵提取的果胶提取率与酸法工艺的相似,所得果胶为高酯化度果胶,且应用性质良好。     

不同来源的植物乳杆菌基因组和抗生素抗性

为了研究不同分离源对植物乳杆菌基因组和功能的影响,选取了来自发酵酱、泡菜、粪便3种环境的33株植物乳杆菌,通过比较基因组学手段研究菌株的基因组基本特征、直系同源基因、系统进化关系,并结合功能基因注释结果与表型结果分析菌株对抗生素的耐药性。系统发育树揭示了分离源对植物乳杆菌的遗传进化具有较为显著的影响;同源基因结果表明粪便源的菌株其特殊基因数量要高于泡菜源和发酵酱源菌株的数量。33株植物乳杆菌均含有环丙沙星、四环素、氯霉素、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和万古霉素的抗性基因,菌株对这些抗生素也表现出抗性;绝大多数菌株对庆大霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、氨苄西林敏感,在基因组中也没有相关抗性基因;而红霉素和克林霉素的基因和表型并不对应。抗生素实验结果说明,分离源对菌株影响较小,大部分基因型与表型可以对应,基因组学对研究植物乳杆菌的生理特性起一定的指导作用。     

植物乳杆菌ZU018增殖培养基的优化

本研究以植物乳杆菌ZU018为研究对象,最终活菌数为主要参考指标,对其发酵培养基成分进行了优化。采用单因素实验选择碳源、氮源的种类及优化浓度,通过部分因子试验设计初步确定了麦芽糖、酵母浸粉及柠檬酸三铵为培养基中最主要的三个影响因素,进一步运用最陡爬坡试验及Box-Benhnken试验设计对培养基组分进行优化。结果表明,最佳优化培养基配方为:麦芽糖30.03 g/L、酵母浸粉37.50 g/L、牛肉浸粉25.00 g/L、柠檬酸三铵4.39 g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.00 g/L、乙酸钠5.00 g/L、硫酸镁 0.20 g/L、硫酸锰0.05 g/L以及1.00 g/L的吐温80。最终发酵液中植物乳杆菌ZU018活菌数相比优化前提高4.86倍,达到10.67×10⁹ CFU/mL,为后续植物乳杆菌高密度发酵及应用提供了理论依据。     

pH and dose-dependent effects of quercetin on the fermentation capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum

This article reports a study of how quercetin affects the capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum RM71 to ferment different media, including a chemically defined medium (CDM) and media relevant for practical fermentation processes. It is shown for the first time that quercetin exerts pH- and dose-dependent effects on the fermentation performance of L. plantarum. At an initial pH of 5.5, quercetin promoted quicker growth upon inoculation at increased quercetin concentrations, while a detrimental dose-dependent lengthening of the lag phase was observed at an initial pH of 6.5. The time course of sugar consumption and lactic acid production data tracking in pH 5.5 CDM showed that quercetin promoted quicker sugar consumption as a result of earlier sugar uptake and lactic acid production than in the control. A model wine and a similar medium with modified sugar composition were fermented with L. plantarum RM71 on quercetin. Quercetin improved several key fermentation traits for the performance of L. plantarum in food production, including accelerated fermentation of various sugars, and accelerated malolactic fermentation and lactic acid production. Quercetin was not catabolized by L. plantarum in the fermentations, so the antioxidant properties of the flavonol were protected against degradation while the bacterium improved its growth performance.