Regulatory frameworks for decentralised energy

This paper considers aspects of the current regulatory frameworks for markets and infrastructure which can inhibit the deployment of decentralised energy. The government has stated that decentralised energy can make a positive contribution to reducing the UK's carbon emissions, but recognises that at the moment the technologies face market and regulatory barriers. If it is to become a viable alternative to centralised generation, energy market design and the regulation of energy infrastructure will have to evolve to ensure that decentralised options are no longer locked out.     

独立户用光伏发电系统成本影响因素及其分析

由光伏发电系统的成本计算公式可知光伏发电系统成本的高低主要受光伏组件和蓄电池容量的影响,通过分析影响光伏组件和蓄电池容量的各因素及其变化趋势,论述了如何根据安装地点的太阳能资源和系统用电要求,选取合适的光伏组件和蓄电池容量,从而使得发电系统的成本最低,且系统运行最优.     

华东沿海海洋温差发电系统的优化设计

海洋温差能是一种可再生的绿色能源,储藏量大,资源稳定。海洋温差发电是利用深层、表层海水的温度差,以高温海水为热源,使液态工质气化推动发电机发电,以低温海水为冷源,使气态工质液化的不断循环的过程。基于能源的可持续发展考虑,可以利用风能、太阳能等可再生能源来优化设计海洋温差发电系统。华东沿海海域有着丰富的太阳能和风能资源,利用太阳能可以提高表层海水与深层海水的温差,利用风力转化装置可以提高和调整汽轮机的转速,保证发电系统持续稳定的发电。利用太阳能、风能对海洋温差发电系统进行优化设计,不仅避免和解决了当前海洋温差发电技术上的一些难点,还扩大了应用温差能资源的海域范围。     

全球光伏产业发展形势及预测

通过编译国际能源署(IEA)的光伏年度报告和欧洲光伏产业协会(SolarPower Europe)的全球光伏产业报告,分析了当前全球光伏产业的发展形势,并对2019～2023年全球光伏产业的发展形势进行了预测,指出了未来推动全球光伏产业发展的重要因素.     

Modelling of energy systems with a high percentage of CHP and wind power

This paper presents the energy system analysis model EnergyPLAN, which has been used to analyse the integration of large scale wind power into the national Danish electricity system. The main purpose of the EnergyPLAN model is to design suitable national energy planning strategies by analysing the consequences of different national energy investments. The model emphasises the analysis of different regulation strategies and different market economic optimisation strategies.At present wind power supply 15% of the Danish electricity demand and ca 50% is produced in CHP (combined heat and power production). The model has been used in the work of an expert group conducted by the Danish Energy Agency for the Danish Parliament. Results are included in the paper in terms of strategies, in order to manage the integration of CHP and wind power in the future Danish energy supply in which more than 40% of the supply is expected to come from wind power.     

不同太阳能资源区不同容配比对光伏电站发电量影响的研究

在太阳辐照度低于标准测试条件(1000 W/m²)的时间段,光伏阵列的输出功率达不到额定的输出功率,导致逆变器不能按照额定功率运行,造成光伏发电系统交流侧设备的利用率低。根据项目所在地的太阳能资源情况,光伏电站在系统设计时选择合适的容配比,在不增加交流设备成本的情况下,可提高电站的整体发电量,并提高交流设备的利用率。     

Electricity Production Using Solar Energy

Abstract

In this study, a solar-powered development project is used to identify whether it is possible to utilize solar technologies in the electricity production sector. Electricity production from solar energy has been found to be a promising method in the future. Concentrated solar energy can be converted to chemical energy via high-temperature endothermic reactions. Coal and biomass can be pyrolyzed or gasified by using concentrated solar radiation for generating power. Conventional energy will not be enough to meet the continuously increasing need for energy in the future. In this case, renewable energy sources will become important. Solar energy is an increasing need for energy in the future. Solar energy is a very important energy source because of its advantages. Instead of a compressor system, which uses electricity, an absorption cooling system, using renewable energy and kinds of waste heat energy, may be used for cooling.     

力促大规模非水可再生能源发展

综述了我国能源与电力可持续发展的现状和未来,着重阐述了风力发电、光伏发电、太阳能热发电等可再生能源发电发展的主要特点和问题,最后建议加快规划与部署建设以可再生能源为主体的综合能源基地,积极构建我国能源可持续发展体系。     

Network investments and the integration of distributed generation: Regulatory recommendations for the Dutch electricity industry

An increase in the distributed generation of electricity necessitates investments in the distribution network. The current tariff regulation in the Dutch electricity industry, with its ex post evaluation of the efficiency of investments, average benchmarking and a frontier shift in the x-factor, delays these investments. In the unbundled electricity industry, the investments in the network need to be coordinated with those in the distributed generation of electricity to enable the system operators to build enough network capacity. The current Dutch regulations do not provide for a sufficient information exchange between the generators and the system operators to coordinate the investments. This paper analyses these two effects of the Dutch regulations, and suggests improvements to the regulation of the network connection and transportation tariffs to allow for sufficient network capacity and coordination between the investments in the network and in the generation of electricity. These improvements include locally differentiated tariffs that increase with an increasing concentration of distributed generation.     

Trends of distributed generation development in Lithuania

The closure of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, impact of recent global recession of the economy, as well as changes and problems posed by the global climate change require significant alterations in the Lithuanian energy sector development. This paper describes the current status and specific features of the Lithuanian power system, and in particular discusses the role of the distributed generators. Country's energy policy during last two decades was focused on substantial modernisation of the energy systems, their reorganisation and creation of appropriate institutional structure and necessary legal basis. The most important factors stimulating development of distributed generation in Lithuania are the following: international obligations to increase contribution of power plants using renewable energy sources into electricity production balance; development of small (with capacity less than 50 MW) cogeneration power plants; implementation of energy policy directed to promotion of renewable energy sources and cogeneration. Analysis of the legal and economic environment, as well as principles of regulation of distributed generation and barriers to its development is presented.     

Distributed power generation: A case study of small scale PV power plant in Greece

In recent years, energy systems have been undergoing a development trend characterised by privatisation of the most important energy sectors (electricity and natural gas) that has turned former monopolies into free-market competitors. Furthermore, community awareness of environmental impact caused by large conventional power plants is growing, together with a greater interest in distributed-generation (DG) technologies based upon renewable energy sources (RES) and cogeneration. In this context, renewable energy technologies are emerging as potentially strong competitors for more widespread use. Despite the remarkable progress attained over the past decades, RES have not yet been fully integrated into the power sector. Some RES-technologies have already achieved a significant market share. The industry is now quite mature, although far from having developed its global potential.     

太阳能光伏冰箱技术的应用分析

文章结合太阳能制冷技术的特点,指出了太阳能光伏冰箱研发的重要性,并对太阳能光伏冰箱系统的基本组成及工作原理进行了介绍;进而,分别从光伏转换效率和优化设计两个方面,对太阳能光伏冰箱系统的实际应用中存在的关键问题进行了分析。最后,结合太阳能光伏冰箱技术的研究现状和当前太阳能电池的生产成本变化,指出了太阳能光伏冰箱技术应用的市场前景广阔。     

光伏并网发电功率波动与对策

分析了光伏并网发电功率波动对电网可能造成的危害及储能型光伏并网系统的运行工况,提出了并网功率的给定方法,即以光伏阵列输出功率进行低通滤波后的值作为参考并网功率,还详细分析了低通滤波器的设计、双向DC/DC变换器的功率控制,最后进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,采用此控制策略可以有效控制功率的波动,减小其变化率,即使光照波动较大,光伏系统输出的电流波形也很好,储能系统随着光伏阵列发出功率的波动而改变功率流动的方向和大小。     

Distributed generation: An empirical analysis of primary motivators

What was once an industry dominated by centralized fossil-fuel power plants, the electricity industry in the United States is now evolving into a more decentralized and deregulated entity. While the future scope and scale of the industry is not yet apparent, recent trends indicate that distributed generation electricity applications may play an important role in this transformation. This paper examines which types of utilities are more likely to adopt distributed generation systems and, additionally, which factors motivate decisions of adoption and system capacity size. Results of a standard two-part model reveal that private utilities are significantly more inclined to adopt distributed generation than cooperatives and other types of public utilities. We also find evidence that interconnection standards and renewable portfolio standards effectively encourage consumer-owned distributed generation, while market forces associated with greater market competition encourage utility-owned distributed generation. Net metering programs are also found to have a significant marginal effect on distributed generation adoption and deployment.     

北京市太阳能资源与分布式光伏发电项目的时空耦合适宜度研究

分布式光伏发电项目有助于实现"能源-经济-环境"的协调可持续发展.针对区域太阳能资源与分布式光伏发电项目的时空耦合关系开展了研究,以北京地区为研究对象,提出运用多种空间分析方法,从空间地理的新视角探索太阳能资源与分布式光伏发电项目之间的关系,针对区域太阳能资源与分布式光伏发电项目开发区域的时空耦合适宜度进行了科学评估....     

“八面玲珑展威风”——介绍一种新的“采用数倍聚光的光伏发电系统”

尽管太阳能是发展潜力最大的可再生能源资源,但由于太阳能光电的成本远远高于风电、生物质发电,使得人们对太阳能的大规模利用还依然是一种奢望。那么,如何使太阳能从“高处不胜寒”的境遇走入寻常百姓家呢?关键在于技术突破!本文介绍的“采用数倍聚光的光伏发电系统”使我们看到了太阳能光电大规模发展的希望。根据陈应天教授的聚光和跟踪理论而开发的这种系统,可以使太阳能光电成本比传统的平板固定式光电技术降低1倍!本文以详实的数据介绍了这项完全自主创新的新技术的特点和经济优势。在我国风电、生物质发电技术落后并受制于国外技术垄断的情形下,这项新技术的示范推广,将是我国在太阳能利用方面的重要突破。     

Solar Technological Progress and Use of Solar Energy in the World

Solar energy can potentially play a very important role in providing most of the heating, cooling and electricity needs of the world The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar energy is the solar radiation that reaches the earth. There are a variety of different technologies used in order to take advantage of solar energy. The primary solar energy technologies include photovoltaics, concentrating solar power, and solar heating and cooling systems. Today solar sources provide around 10% of the energy used worldwide, but in the developing countries their share is still of the order of 40%. In 1999, installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity was 594 MWp in the world. Japan has the highest PV capacity as a result of an important program to support the development of PV markets. Japan had a PV capacity of 205 MWp in 1999.     

光伏发电在我国电力能源结构中的战略地位和未来发展方向

保障能源和环境可持续发展,特别是保证一次能源的供给是我国面临的重大战略问题。可再生能源将逐步替代化石能源,成为人类可持续发展的能源。在可再生能源中,潜力最大的是太阳能,到本世纪中期太阳能将成为电力能源中的重要组成部分,而到本世纪末成为电力能源中的主要部分。我国拥有丰富的太阳能资源,是中华民族赖以生存的最宝贵的资源。光伏发电技术目前已经成熟,发展势头迅猛,正在努力突破高成本的制约瓶颈,有望在30年左右的时段内成为重要的电力能源之一。在今后10～20年,我国的光伏发电将主要应用于下述方面:农村离网供电,分布电源,大规模荒漠电站以及其它商业应用。国家应首先加强光伏发电各项能力建设,包括资源普查和评估、研发能力建设、培训体系建设、质量监督服务体系建设,并积极开展国际合作,引进技术、人才和资金,为我国光伏发电的健康、可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。