Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Jungian Myers-Briggs type indicator correlation of extraversion-introversion.

Hypothesized that given the methods and content similarity of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the Extraversion-Introversion scales of the inventories will be significantly positively correlated. Data from 93 undergraduates support the prediction and provide a demonstration of convergent validity at the self-report questionnaire level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of preschool curricula for disadvantaged children: A Canadian study.

The effects of a Piaget-based preschool curriculum for disadvantaged Canadian children ( N = 35) were compared with the effects of both a traditional program ( N = 18) and a no-treatment condition ( N = 18). Gain scores from pre- to posttest revealed significant differences between the Piagetian group and the no-treatment control condition on measures of verbal IQ (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), mental age, seriation, and conservation. Moreover, the Piagetian group made significantly greater gains than the traditional class on measures of mental age, seriation, and classification. The only significant gain score (classification) difference between the children attending the traditional nursery and those not attending preschool at all favored the latter group. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reliability and Technical Meaning of Personality Questionnaire Scales.

Comments on the article Comments on The Brain Watchers, written by K.S. Nickerson, that remarks on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (see record 2005-11489-001.) The author of this comment mentions several objections to the article written by Nickerson. First, since Nickeron's main theme is the recent attacks by laymen on psychological testing--such as those of Gross (1962), Hoffman (1962), and the popular weekly Life--his mentioning the 16 PF would naturally suggest to a reader that it was one of the tests under attack. The 16 PF, as far as anyone can ascertain, was not among the several tests pilloried by these gentlemen and Life. More seriously, when Nickeson flings the term "impossible" at a 16 PF item, he is simply pontificating, not responsibly bringing evidence as would be expected in a scientific journal. When, by the equally unconsidered term "esoteric," Nickerson objects to technical terms in psychology for precise research concepts, he is, again, scarcely on the side of progress. The author of this comment concludes a psychologist may actually be showing more psychometric wisdom in using, in many testing situations, the 16 PF Form C alone, contrary to Nickerson's dismissal of a six-item scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of optional shift performance and language skills in middle-class and Canadian Indian children.

Compared performances of middle-class and canadian indian children on the optional reversal shift (ors) task to examine deficits hypothesized as being associated with disadvantaged experiential background and slow english-language development. Ss were (a) 60 indian children from a population of 8 yr. Olds attending 2 indian reservation schools, randomly assigned to control and experimental groups; and (b) 30 8-yr-old children from an educationally-advantaged urban area. Ss were selected by their scores on the visual motor gestalt test and later given the peabody picture vocabulary test and the wisc. Results show that middle-class ss surpassed indian control ss on selected language measures and in the number of ors reversers. Relationships between ors choice and language scores were found for some of the urban middle-class scores but not for indian scores. Under an experimental treatment condition of eliciting verbalization prior to choice response, indian experimental ss exceeded indian control ss on initial discrimination learning and in number of reversers on the ors task. Results support hypothesized cultural differences and hypothesized facilitation from requiring indian ss to employ overt verbal mediators. (french summary) (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factor structure integrity of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire: An English–French comparison.

The Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) is one of the pre-eminent measures of gender-specific personality characteristics. To evaluate the PAQ'S viability 20 yrs after its creation, the authors assessed the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the original PAQ and a French version using samples of 637 English-speaking and French-speaking university administrators. The structure of the English form of the PAQ was supported for both women and men when the data were submitted to confirmatory analyses. Support was not as convincing for the dimensionality of the French form of the PAQ, however. Some evidence for expected differences in mean Instrumentality and Expressivity scores was found between women and men. Findings support the continued use of the English PAQ as a measure of Instrumental and Expressive personality traits. Further study of the French PAQ is recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire scores of homosexual men.

16 PF comparisons were made between 44 homosexual and 111 heterosexual males who were not involved with either psychotherapy or the law. Comparisons were also made with results presented by R. B. Cattell and I. N. Monrony (see 39:1) for 133 Australian homosexuals. A number of differences were found between all groups, but the Australians deviated much more than the American homosexuals from the test standardization population. It is concluded that: (a) American homosexuals, unlike the Australians, could be considered mildly neurotic at most; (b) homosexual behavior is not necessarily an indication of psychological disturbance; and (c) the major difference between the American homosexuals and heterosexuals was one of sexual orientation rather than psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality and having children: A two-way relationship.

Personality has been implicated in romantic and sexual relationships, but its association with childbearing is poorly understood. The authors assessed whether 3 personality traits--sociability, emotionality, and activity--predicted the probability of having children and whether having children predicted personality change. The participants were women and men from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (N = 1,839) who were followed for 9 years. High emotionality decreased the probability of having children, whereas high sociability and, in men, high activity increased this probability. Having children predicted increasing emotionality, particularly in participants with high baseline emotionality and two or more children. In men, having children increased sociability in those with high baseline sociability and decreased sociability in those with low baseline sociability. These findings suggest a two-way relationship between personality and having children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Child training values of English Canadian and French Canadian parents.

Analyzed the immediate reactions of parents to a taped version of a child's demands for attention, help, and comfort and his displays of anger, insolence, aggression, etc. This procedure, seen as a valuable substitute for actual observation of parent * child interaction, was used with 73 english canadian (ec) and french canadian (fc) working-class parents of 6 yr. Olds. Various value orientations, some culturally distinctive, others cross-culturally common, were revealed, E.g., ec mothers played the more dominant socialization role in the ec family and fc fathers in the fc family. However, both ec and fc parents agreed in general on their treatment of boys and girls, suggesting a canadian value orientation that contrasts sharply with the cross-sex permissiveness noted in an american study employing the same procedure. (french summary) (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development and validation of a brief form of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 14(3) of Psychological Assessment (see record 2007-17094-001). On page 154, in Table 1, the MPQ-BF column for the "Has a happy disposition" item (second row) under the Wellbeing scale incorrectly reads "26, 97, 31, 104." The correct numbers are 26, 97, 32, 104.] The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; A. Tellegen, 1982, in press) provides for a comprehensive analysis of personality at both the lower order trait and broader structural levels. Its higher order dimensions of Positive Emotionality, Negative Emotionality, and Constraint embody affect and temperament constructs, which have been conceptualized in psychobiological terms. The MPQ thus holds considerable potential as a structural framework for investigating personality across varying levels of analysis, and this potential would be enhanced by the availability of an abbreviated version. This article describes efforts to develop and validate a brief (155-item) form, the MPQ-BF. Success was evidenced by uniformly high correlations between the brief- and full-form trait scales and consistency of higher order structures. The MPQ-BF is recommended as a tool for investigating the genetic, neurobiological, and psychological substrates of personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences and nonadditivity in heritability of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Scales.

A sex-limitation model was applied to the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) data from the Minnesota Twin Family Registry. The sample included 626 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 517 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 114 opposite-sex DZ twin pairs ranging in age from 27 to 64 years (mean age?=?37.8). In addition, whenever possible, family members of the twins were also assessed: 1,690 spouses, 495 parents, 322 siblings, and 535 offspring. The goals of the present investigation were to analyze the covariance matrices to determine whether (a) there was evidence for sex limitation of heritability of the MPQ scales and (b) there was evidence for nonadditive genetic influences on these scales. Significant sex differences in heritability were found for 3 of the scales: Alienation, Control, and Absorption. In addition, evidence for dominance was found for all scales except Traditionalism and Absorption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Personal Orientation Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory as outcome measures in a private outpatient clinic.

Administered the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to 221 psychotherapy patients participating in a programmatic, ongoing therapeutic modality and to 134 undergraduates serving as a comparison group. Results indicate a shift toward the self-actualizing POI profile with increasing time in therapy, replicating the findings of previous research. EPI results indicated increasing Extraversion and decreasing Neuroticism scores with increasing time in therapy. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychopathy in female inmates: The SCID-II Personality Questionnaire and the PCL-R.

The authors examined the relationship between personality disorders, as measured by a self-report screening instrument, and psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 1991) in female inmates. Participants included 136 women from a maximum security state prison. There was a positive relationship between the Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) scale, which measures conduct disorder before age 15, and the Factor 2 scale of the PCL-R; no other significant relationships with other personality scales were obtained, and there were no evident relationships between any of the personality scales and the Factor 1 scale of the PCL-R. A discriminant function analysis and follow-up receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that the use of a criterion of 3 endorsed conduct disorder items from the 15-item APD scale was sufficient to correctly identify 71.9% of the women who had been identified as meeting the criterion for psychopathy using the PCL-R interview. However, the scale evidenced poor prediction of nonpsychopaths (specificity = 52.8%). Results indicate the value of using the self-report of conduct disorder items as part of a screening procedure in concert with other measures to select inmates who require further assessment of psychopathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Discontinuity and correlation: A reply to Eysenck.

"Our original point was to underscore Eysenck's own carefully stated reservations concerning the application of criterion analysis. We erred in not making this sufficiently clear. Here, we have tried to rectify this error and to amplify a suggestion made implicitly in the earlier paper (see 33: 1700), for an experimental approach to the validation of factor analytic procedures in relation to discrete genotypic determinants of human behavior." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Extraversion and performance: A response to Eysenck.

Discusses H. J. Eysenck's (see PA, Vol 52:Issue 6) criticisms of the present authors' study (see PA, Vol 52:Issue 6) which questioned the validity of Eysenck's hypothesis concerning the relationship between extraversion and performance depending on cortical inhibition. Additional data are presented which refute Eysenck's criticisms of Horn and Cohen's sample selection, choice of parameter values, and theoretical formulations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validating the Children's Behavior Questionnaire in Dutch children: Psychometric properties and a cross-cultural comparison of factor structures.

In this article, we examined the factorial validity of the Dutch translation of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Very Short Form scores. In addition, we conducted cross-cultural comparisons of temperament structure. In total, 353 parents of 6- to 8-year-olds completed the instrument. The original higher order factor structure of the different CBQ forms was generally replicated and represented the three broad dimensions of temperament: Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. For the Standard Form, results demonstrated a relatively high degree of factor similarity of the Dutch sample with other cultures (e.g., China and Japan). The findings provide evidence for applicability of the CBQ in Western Europe as a promising instrument to comprehensively assess reactive and self-regulative temperamental dimensions in young children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relation of the Vocational Preference Inventory to the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire.

How valid is the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory? The VPI, a short form of this inventory, and Form A of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor test were administered via mail to 783 boys and 394 girls and the scores intercorrelated. These "generally provided positive evidence for the construct validity of the VPI and its rationale." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Political ideology and science: A reply to Eysenck.

Comments on an article by H. J. Eysenck (1982) in which he suggested that Marx, Engels, and Lenin failed to support environmentalism. It is contended that Eysenck ignored the overwhelming evidence of radical environmentalism in Marxist theory. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reanalysis of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and its relation to Cloninger's Type 2 alcoholism.

The factor structure and external validity of the TPQ were examined in a sample of 303 male alcoholics in an inpatient treatment program. Confirmatory factor analyses did not support either the original tridimensional structure or the factor structures obtained in a nonclinical sample by C. R. Cloninger, T. R. Przybeck, and D. M. Svrakic (1991). An exploratory factor analysis suggested the TPQ comprises 5 factors: Subjective Distress, Detachment, Disinhibition, Relaxed Confidence, and Orderliness/Persistence. Each of the original scales was found to be multidimensional in terms of the 5 factors. The Novelty Seeking scale included most of the items of the Disinhibition factor scale, and the construct validity of both scales was supported by correlations with external measures of antisocial behavior and a measure of Cloninger's Type 2 alcoholism. Advantages of the factor scales are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A multimethod comparison of popular and unpopular children.

Differences between 101 popular and unpopular 3rd and 4th graders were assessed by teacher reports, classroom observations, the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, the Children's Depression Inventory, ratings on role-play situations, interviews that elicited information on Ss' knowledge of social skills, and responses to hypothetical situations. Unpopular Ss were perceived as being more depressed and deviant by teachers than were popular Ss. Classroom observations indicated that unpopular Ss spent significantly less time on-task than popular Ss and engaged in significantly more negative interactions. There was a trend for popular Ss to perform at a higher academic level than unpopular Ss, and the latter Ss were more depressed than Ss in the former group. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality measures and evoked responses in chronic insomniacs.

18 chronic insomniacs (mean age, 44.7 yrs; mean education, 3.4 yrs post high school), whose sleep problems were confirmed by all-night EEG recordings, were matched with normal sleepers on age, sex, and education. Insomniacs were significantly more depressed than normals on Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale and the MMPI D scale. Insomniacs showed more anxious worrying behavior (high on the MMPI Pt, Hy, Hs, Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale, and Eysenck's Neuroticism scale, toward the sensitization end on Byrne's Repression-Sensitization scale, and overly concerned about the past and future on the Time Competence scale). Insomniacs also appeared to be sensory reducers, as evidenced by lower evoked potential responses to sound and by low scores on Zuckerman's Sensation-Seeking Scale. They were also less proficient in perceptual-motor skills on the WAIS. A stepwise regression analysis showed that the sensation-avoiding dimension accounted for the most variance in predicting an EEG sleep-efficiency criterion. (48 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)