一种可切削玻璃陶瓷压痕裂纹在残余应力驱动下的非平衡扩展特怀

本文将Ｇｕｐｔａ等人提出的用压痕实验来测定脆性材料应力腐蚀指数ｎ的方法＾（１）进行了改进，使其可以直接测定压痕径向裂纹在压痕塑性区残余应力驱动下非平衡扩展的Ｖ－Ｋ１关系曲线，并用这一方法对一种可切削玻璃陶瓷及其原始玻璃，分别在水及空气介质中的应力腐蚀指数ｎ及Ｖ－Ｋ１曲线进行了测定，结果表明，水显著提高裂纹扩展速率，使Ｖ－Ｋ１曲线左移，ｎ值下降，而结晶化则起相反作用。     

屈服强度对40CrMnSiMoVA超高强度钢腐蚀疲劳纹扩展的影响

研究了屈服强度对４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭＫｏＶＡ（ＧＣ－４）超高强度钢腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）裂纹扩展行为的影响。结果表明，不同屈服强度时，ＧＣ－４钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的ＣＦ裂纹扩展曲线上，都出现了类似于应力腐蚀的平台区，而且随屈服强度提高，平台区裂纹扩展速度显著增大。研究表明，氢脆在ＧＣ－４钢的腐蚀疲劳中起重要作用，进一步的理论分析与计算表明，屈服强度会影响高温钢氢致开裂的过程和速度。     

一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的压痕断裂特性

将断裂韧性测试的压痕方法与压痕弯曲方法相结合，独立地分离出了压痕残余应力因子ｘ，使其成为可测参量，并建立了压痕一压痕弯曲的断裂韧性测试方法．将这种方法应用于一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的测试，获得的Ｋ１ｃ值为Ｋ１ｃ＝２．０３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２，与单边切口法（ＳＥＮＢ）获得的Ｋ１ｃ值有较好的一致性．测得的残余应力因子Ｘ＝０．０９３，符合Ａｎｓｔｉｓ经验公式的预测．     

腐蚀磨损数学模型

测试了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金静腐蚀、动腐蚀和腐蚀磨损试验结果。通过对试验结果的处理，建立了动腐蚀速率和腐蚀磨损速率与冲击速度Ｖ、介质浓度Ｃ的数学模型：Ｖ＝Ｋ１Ｖ＾ｎ１＋Ｋ２Ｖ＾ｎ２Ｃ＾ａ（ａ＝Ｋ３Ｖ＾ｎ３）。建立了腐蚀磨损速率Ｖｗｃ与纯磨损速率Ｖｗｏ、纯腐蚀速率Ｖｐｃ及动腐蚀速率Ｖｏｃ之间数学模型：Ｖｗｃ＝Ｖｗｏ＋Ｖｐｃ＋ＫｗｃＶｗｏ，Ｖｐｃ＝Ｖｗｏ＋（１＋Ｋｗ）Ｖｏｃ＋Ｋｗｃ（１＋Ｋｗ）ＶｗｃＶｏｃ     

屈服强度对40CrMnSiMoVA超高强度钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

研究了屈服强度对４０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＭｏＶＡ（ＧＣ－４）超高强度钢腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）裂纹扩展行为的影响，结果表明，不同屈服强度时，ＧＣ—４钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的ＣＦ裂纹扩展曲线上，都出现了类似于应力腐蚀的平台区，而且随屈服强度提高，平台区裂纹扩展速度显著增大。研究表明，氢脆在ＧＣ—４钢的腐蚀疲劳中起重要作用，进一步的理论分析与计算表明，屈服强度会影响高强钢氢致开裂的过程和速度．     

几种高强度钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究

本文研究了ＧＣ－４，３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ和３００Ｍ超高强钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为。考虑了环境，热处理制度，应力比和频率对裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明：腐蚀环境和热处理制度对疲劳裂纹扩展有显著影响。在侵蚀性环境中随频率降低，裂纹扩展大幅度上升，随应力比提高，环境影响加剧。利用扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行了分析，并讨论了高强钢的腐蚀疲劳机理。     

裂纹闭合与疲劳裂纹扩展力的测试方法

介绍了一种在近十年里发展的裂纹扩展力测量方法，这种方法将裂纹扩展的门槛值行为与直流电位法结合起来，可以测量某一载荷下裂纹开始扩展的应力强度因子Ｋｐｒ，并由此计算有效应力强度因子范围ΔＫｅｆｆ＝Ｋｍａｘ－Ｋｐｒ。     

化学钢化前后玻璃表面裂纹扩展的实验比较与数值模拟

本工作对手机超薄盖板玻璃表面裂纹萌生及扩展过程进行了实验比较和数值模拟。结果表明：对于未经化学钢化处理的玻璃，在载荷为9.80 N的情况下，裂纹萌生时间为压痕出现后30 s；而对于化学钢化玻璃，即便在严苛环境条件下，在9.80 N的载荷作用下，缺陷压痕处未发现裂纹。ABAQUS数值模拟结果表明：（1）最大主张应力位于压印缺陷的四角，并沿径向向外扩展；（2）化学钢化玻璃的最大主张应力比未经化学钢化的玻璃低465 MPa。数值模拟得到的最大主张应力位置与实际裂纹萌生位置一致。对玻璃表面裂纹扩展行为的认识有助于高强度超薄盖板玻璃的研发。     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢的疲劳裂纹门槛值与闭合力

选用３０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４ＭｏＶ汽轮机低压转子钢，进行了一种测疲劳裂纹闭合力的方法－应变片法，及恒定最大应力强度因子Ｋｍａｘ＾ｃ法测定疲劳裂纹的门槛植。试验得恒应力比Ｒ＝０．１时疲劳裂纹门槛值ΔＫｔｈ，通过闭合力测得门槛值附近的张开应力强度因子幅ΔＫｏｐｔｈ，从而得到门槛值的有效应力强度因子幅ΔＫｅｆｆｔｈ。用恒定最大应力强度因子Ｋｍａｘ＾ｃ法测得高应力比下的门槛应力强度因子幅ΔＫｔｈ＾ｃ，该值与ΔＫｅ     

玻璃陶瓷疲劳断裂的宏观规律研究

对K2O-MgO－AlO3-B2O3-SiO2-F多元系统的可切削微晶玻璃的疲劳行为进行了研究。结果表明：材料在静载荷、动载荷、循环载荷作用下的应力腐蚀指数n分别为69.54、35．2、18.18。应力腐蚀指数n的大小强烈依赖于加载方式，并能作为材料抵抗裂纹扩展的某种抗力指标，循环载荷和动载荷对材料造成了附加损伤，致使在相同应力水平下材料寿命明显下降。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from