Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2C合金微观组织和相组成研究

通过OM，XRD，SEM和TEM等多种分析手段对Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-0.2C阻燃β钛合金的微观组织和相组成进行了研究。结果表明，α和(Ti，V)C是β基体上的2种主要析出相，合金在高温长时间热暴露(540℃，100h)后会析出金属间化合物TiCr2相。此外，也有极少量α相在热暴露期间发生了短程有序化(SRO)转变。     

两种Ti－V－Cr阻燃钛合金的热稳定性能

研究了Ti-35V-15Cr(A)和Ti-25V-15Cr(B)两合金在不同温度、时间和拉应力条件下热暴露后的热稳定性能。结果表明，随着热暴露温度升高，合金性能恶化。600℃热暴露，B合金性能恶化的根本原因是表面氧化，A合金则是由于表面氧化与组织变化的共同作用。热暴露时间延长，合金塑性下降；热暴露拉应力增大，合金塑性有所提高；A合金540℃热稳定性较B合金差，两合金540℃热暴露塑性下降的主要原因来自于热暴露过程中微观组织的变化，其次为表面氧化。高钒含量A合金中的α相比低钒含量B合金中的α相更易聚集于晶界。晶界α相的析出和长大，是合金性能恶化并发生沿晶断裂的主要原因。     

钛合金高温形变强韧化机理

详细研究并讨论了钛合金高温形变强韧化机理。结果表明,三态组织中少量等轴α相与基体β相没有固定的位向关系,位错容易找到可开动的滑移面,对变形起着协调作用,因而合金具有较高的塑性;大量网篮交织的条状α,不仅增加了相界面,提高了合金的强度与抗蠕变能力,而且不断改变裂纹扩展方向,导致裂纹路径曲线、分枝多,断裂韧性好。新的变形理论适用于α,近α,（α＋β）和近β型钛合金。     

Ti-600合金热暴露前后室温拉伸性能及变形机制研究

研究了Ti-600合金镦制饼材600℃热暴露前后室温拉伸性能与组织的变化,并分析了其室温拉伸变形机制。研究结果表明,600℃热暴露100 h后,毛坯热暴露试样的强度较热暴露前的固溶时效试样(STA)提高了3%左右,延伸率的保持率为81.1%;试样热暴露试样的强度稍有降低,延伸率的保持率仅为55.6%。600℃热暴露100 h前后,Ti-600合金镦制饼材的组织变化不明显,热暴露后其原始β晶粒尺寸较之前的稍有长大。STA状态下晶界与板条较平直,热暴露后少数板条弯曲,并且板条较短较细小。试样热暴露试样组织内的α相与β板条比毛坯热暴露试样的粗大。经分析,Ti-600合金热暴露前后室温拉伸变形时主要的变形机制是位错穿越α束滑移以及位错柱面滑移。     

β相稳定性对Ti-10V-3Fe-3Al合金变形模式及压缩性能的影响

金属的变形有以下几种不同机制:孪生、变形诱发马氏体、位错滑移,或其综合作用。变形机制与基体状态密切相关,一方面与启动位错滑移或孪生的临界应力有关,另一方面与亚稳定基体转变成马氏体的能力有关。迄今为止,对亚稳定β钛合金变形机制的研究很少,对于含有α相的亚稳定β钛合金,也仅研究了β-CEZ(Ti-5Al-2Sn-5Zr-4Mo-2Cr-1Fe)和Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金的变形机制。研究表明     

含Re/Ru镍基单晶合金的高温蠕变行为和损伤特征

通过蠕变性能测试和组织观察,研究4.5％Re/3％Ru镍基单晶合金在高温的蠕变行为和损伤特征.结果表明:测定出该合金在(1100℃,140 MPa)下的蠕变寿命为476 h.合金在高温稳态蠕变期间的变形机制是位错在γ基体中滑移和攀移越过筏形γ′相,在蠕变后期的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和剪切筏状γ′相.其中,剪切进入γ...     

双态与单相Ti-5Al-5Mo-1Fe-1Cr合金的力学性能及变形行为（英文）

为了阐明具有双态和单相组织Ti-5Al-5Mo-1Fe-1Cr(质量分数,%)合金的力学性能及变形行为,系统研究具有这两种组织合金的力学性能和变形模式。研究结果表明:双态组织合金的拉伸屈服强度为886 MPa,极限抗拉强度为1075 MPa,伸长率为21.5%:单相(β)组织合金的强度稍低于双态合金的,但其伸长率与双态合金的类似。双态合金在拉伸过程中具有韧性断裂的特征,其主要变形模式为位错滑移,位错滑移可发生于β基体和球/片状α相,β基体中的滑移系为■,α相中的滑移系为■和■。相对地,单相合金具有解理断裂特征,变形模式包括位错滑移和应力诱导α"马氏体相变,其滑移系包括■和■。     

新型高性能镍基粉末高温合金拉伸变形行为和机制研究

采用SEM和TEM研究了室温(23℃)和中温(650、750、815℃)下第3代镍基粉末高温合金(FGH98)拉伸变形显微组织、行为和机制。结果表明:含有多模尺寸分布γ′相的合金具有优良的拉伸性能,室温拉伸主要变形机制为位错剪切γ′相形成层错,并在γ′相周围形成位错环,阻碍后续位错运动。中温拉伸变形机制为位错剪切γ′相形成层错和形变孪晶,随着变形温度的升高,形变孪晶增多。给出了a/3112不全位错剪切γ′相形成层错和形变孪晶共存的模型,随着应变量的增加,在连续相邻的{111}滑移面上层错堆积变多,促进连续孪晶的形成,协调了γ和γ′相两相之间的变形,有助于释放两相之间的变形应力和提高合金强韧性。     

Al-Cu-Li合金热变形过程中微观组织的动态演变规律

采用等温热变形实验,结合TEM分析,研究了Al-Cu-Li合金热变形过程的动态软化机制和析出相动态演变规律。基于Zener-Hollomon参数(Z)、变形温度(T)、热激活参数和微观组织分析,明确了合金热变形过程的动态软化机制。结果表明:当ln Z51.70,t420℃时,以螺位错的交滑移和刃位错攀移为主要软化机制;当47.10ln Z≤51.70,t≥380℃,以螺位错交滑移、三维位错网络的脱缠以及部分位错脱钉为主要软化机制,有部分动态再结晶出现;当ln Z≤47.10,t≥420℃,以动态回复和动态再结晶为主要软化机制。合金热变形过程(340～500℃)T_1(Al_2CuLi)相的动态析出与细化规律为:340～460℃保温阶段有粗大T_1相析出,340～420℃变形阶段T_1相动态析出且被细化。细化源自两个方面:1)保温阶段析出的粗大T_1相因变形被碎化和回溶;2)原始晶界和变形过程引入的大量位错、亚晶界等为T_1相的析出提供大量异质形核位置,导致T_1的细小析出。t460℃时,没有T_1相析出。热变形过程β′(Al_3Zr)相和含Mn相始终稳定存在,δ′(Al_3Li)相在淬火过程即可析出。     

亚稳β钛合金的变形孪晶和应力诱发相变

亚稳β钛合金的力学性能与其变形机制密切相关。在稳定性很高的β基体中位错滑移是唯一的变形机制,而随着β基体稳定性的降低,除位错滑移之外的其他变形机制如{112}111变形孪晶、应力诱发β→ω相变、{332}113变形孪晶以及应力诱发β→α″相变等变形机制会逐渐产生。这些变形机制可以导致孪晶/相变诱导塑性的效应,能显著提高相应合金的加工硬化率和塑性。近年来关于这些变形机制的研究取得了重要进展,不同变形机制之间尤其是变形孪晶与应力诱发相变之间的内在联系被揭示出来,为现有合金的性能优化和新型合金的设计开发提供了重要的理论指导。本文综述了这些研究进展,并对其中存在的一些不足进行了分析。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.