有色金属硫化矿中伴生金银资源回收研究进展

有色金属矿产资源中伴生的金银矿物是贵金属金银资源的重要来源,伴生金银的回收一直是各国选矿工作者研究的重点。伴生金银资源主要分布在硫化铜、硫化铜铁及硫化铅锌矿石中,由于共伴生金银嵌布粒度粗细不均,金银捕收剂对矿石的适应能力不强,导致现有浮选工艺及药剂制度难以满足伴生金银回收的要求,严重影响了伴生金银的回收效果。在伴生金银工艺矿物学研究基础上,针对不同矿石中伴生金银资源的回收特点,选矿工作者通过改进和强化磨矿工艺、选择合理的工艺流程及开发多种新型金银捕收剂,显著提高了有色金属硫化矿中伴生金银资源的选矿指标。     

山东某含金磁黄铁矿浮选尾矿磁选回收试验研究

山东某含金磁黄铁矿原矿金品位1.60 g/t,硫品位1.86%,属含金硫铁矿。矿石性质研究结果表明,部分以磁黄铁矿为载体的金,矿物含量为0.96%,金品位8.25 g/t,原矿金分配率5.25%。生产流程对以磁黄铁矿为载体的金矿物的回收水平仍有提高空间。为了解决这一问题,开展了从生产原矿和生产尾矿中回收以磁黄铁矿为载体的金的对比试验,结果表明,磁选不宜用于原矿、重选不宜用于尾矿中载金磁黄铁矿的回收;尾矿磁选流程可以实现含金磁黄铁矿的有效富集,最终选择全粒级磁选工艺流程,获得了金品位1.52 g/t,硫品位2.87%的含金磁黄铁矿。尾矿金、硫回收率分别为52.09%、62.93%,对原矿回收率分别为12.27%、18.56%,实现了以磁黄铁矿为载体的金矿物的综合利用。     

焙烧氰化尾渣提金工艺研究现状

焙烧氧化过程中铁物相出现熔融或再结晶,对金造成二次包裹,使焙砂中部分金仍难以浸出,导致焙烧氰化尾渣金品位较高。破坏尾渣中铁氧化物对金的包裹可提高金的浸出率。综述了焙烧氰化尾渣主要提金工艺,包括直接酸溶法、还原焙烧法、氯化法、炼铁-电解法、硫酸熟化法和硫脲法等。直接酸溶工艺简单,金浸出效果较差;还原焙烧法金浸出率高,但工艺复杂、能耗大;氯化焙烧法对矿石适应性强,可综合回收有价金属,但基建及维护费用高;炼铁-电解法在富集金的同时可获得纯铁产品,对矿石有较高的要求;硫酸熟化法显著提高金银浸出率,与直接酸溶法相比,所需更高的温度与酸度;硫脲法反应速率快、选择性好,但生产成本较高。 关健词:有色金属冶金;氰化尾渣;铁氧化物;包裹金;提金     

The recovery of gold from refractory ores by the use of carbon-in-chlorine leaching

Recently, the U.S. Bureau of Mines examined the recovery of gold by chlorination of refractory carbonaceous and sulfidic ores, comparing various treatment methods in which a ground ore pulp is contacted with chlorine gas and activated carbon is added to the pulp for a carbon-in-chlorine leach (CICL). The objective of this research was to demonstrate the basic feasibility of CICL technology. Results showed that the organic carbon deactivating environment of CICL lowers, but does not eliminate, the adsorption of gold on activated carbon. In this environment, the refractory ore is altered, and gold is extracted and then recovered on activated carbon. With highly carbonaceous ores, CICL achieved a higher recovery than with primarily sulfidic refractory ores. Basic cyanide amenability testing of two carbonaceous ores achieved recoveries of only 5.5% and 46%. With CICL treatment, recoveries on carbon were 90% and 92%.     

国内氰化法浸出金矿中金的研究进展

基于中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),检索了2014~2018年氰化法浸出金矿中金的论文和专利,对国内相关研究进行综述讨论。文献分析表明,对贫金矿的开发是近年来研究的热点,有关氰化工艺、氰化条件、尾渣处理和贫液净化的研究较多,但氰化浸出条件之间的交互影响,以及脉石矿物对氰化浸出效率影响的相关研究较少。建议通过工艺完善、加强应用软件模拟等研究,不断完善金矿氰化浸出理论与实践,提高金矿资源的利用率。     

某钼-钨-金矿工艺矿物学及选矿研究

通过化学分析、光学显微镜观察、自动矿物分析仪(MLA)分析等手段，对内蒙古某钼、钨、金稀贵多金属矿进行了工艺矿物学研究。结果表明，矿石中可供选矿回收的有价元素为钼、钨及金；该矿石中钼(钨)矿物以氧化钼矿物-钼钙矿和钼钨钙矿-白钨矿为主；极少量辉钼矿，矿石中金矿物载体多，金主要与铋矿物密切相关，常与自然铋、泡铋矿、氟碳铋钙石紧密连生，金的粒度较细，嵌布关系复杂。脉石中高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石等粘土类矿物含量较高，在磨矿过程中极易产生泥化，进而会恶化浮选环境，影响选别指标。针对该矿石特点，采用“硫化矿浮选-氧化钼钨矿浮选-氧化钼钨浮选中矿再选”工艺流程进行选别，有效实现了矿石中钼、钨、金的综合回收利用。     

贵州某黄金选矿厂弱酸性浮选工业试验

贵州某金矿含金4.3 g/t,金主要赋存在黄铁矿中,矿石含碳较高,属难选难冶型金矿。为实现该金矿资源的高效利用,采用热压预氧化打开矿石中金包裹,提高金的浸出率,同时将原有的碱性浮选工艺调整为弱酸性浮选。采用"二粗二精四扫"的选矿流程,进行工业试验。通过条件试验确定磨矿细度及各作业的药剂用量,最终获得金精矿金品位19.34 g/t,回收率88.25%。与原工艺相比,弱酸性浮选可以利用废酸,节约碱性调节剂的使用。     

Developments in the carbonate processing of uranium ores

A new process for extracting uranium from ores with carbonate solutions is described. Leaching is carried out under oxygen pressure to ensure that all the uranium is converted to the soluble hexavalent state. By this method, alkaline leaching can be used successfully to treat a greater variety of ores, including pitchblende ores, than has been possible in the past. The advantages of carbonate leaching over conventional acid leaching processes are enhanced further by a new method which has been developed for recovering uranium from basic leach solutions. This is achieved by reducing the uranium to the tetravalent state with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. A high grade uranium oxide product is precipitated directly from the leach solutions. Vanadium oxide also can be precipitated by this method. The chemistry of the leaching and precipitation reactions are discussed, and laboratory results are presented which illustrate the applicability of the process and describe the variables affecting leaching and precipitation rates, recoveries, and reagent consumption.     

Auslron炼铁新技术

Auslron技术是一种采用低成本气煤作燃料和还原剂，使用粉矿、块矿或粗粒矿生产铁水，并从还原炉回收能源的熔融还原工艺。介绍了该工艺的发展概况，操作原理和中间试验结果，总结了该工艺的优点。     

Controlling SO2 emissions in the roasting of gold concentrate

Acid pressure oxidation is generally believed to be the most effective pretreatment for refractory sulfide gold ores and concentrates, although it is ineffective for some ores. For such ores and concentrates (usually those containing both carbonaceous and sulfide materials), roasting remains the most effective pretreatment before cyanidation. However, the serious environmental damage that could result from the emission of SO₂ and As₂O₃ makes roasting an unattractive pretreatment step. In an effort to develop a technique having lower SO₂ emissions, a lime agglomeration roast (LAR) pretreatment process was investigated. The technique involves the agglomeration of calcium-based SO₂ sorbent with the refractory ore or concentrate before roasting. The results of the LAR pretreatment followed by cyanidation indicate that up to 95 percent of the sulfur dioxide can be captured and more than 90 percent gold extraction can be achieved.     

Recycling lead to recover refractory precious metals

Lead recycling has many benefits. For example, it provides an alternative to virgin lead, thereby avoiding the environmental impacts of primary lead smelting. In addition, as with other secondary metal operations, it consumes less energy at a lower cost than primary production. An emerging process has been evaluated in which these attributes are leveraged to process refractory precious metals ores. Direct cyanidation of refractory gold and silver ore yields poor gold and silver recoveries. In fact, some ores are simply not amenable to direct cyanidation. The process described in this paper consists of smelting lead-bearing material together with argentopyrite concentrate that contains precious metals. Sodium carbonate is used as a fluxing agent and scrap iron is used as a reductant. The reaction product is molten lead bullion enriched with the precious metals. Smelting recoveries of both silver and gold can be as high as 98%. For more information, contact J.R. Parga, Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo, Depto. Metal-Mecánica, Av. Venustiano Carranza, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico. jrparga@fenix.its.mx.     

Alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory Au-Ag ore for improved cyanidation

This paper presents the alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory gold and silver ore. In the ore, gold occurs mainly as gold-silver alloys and as associated with quartz and framboidal pyrite grains, and, to a small extent, as the inclusions within antimonial sulfides. Silver is present extensively as antimonial sulfides such as andorite. Alkaline sulfide pretreatment was shown to allow the decomposition of the antimonial sulfide minerals (up to 98% Sb removal) and to remarkably improve the amenability of gold (e.g., from <49% up to 83%) and silver (e.g., from <18% up to 90%) to subsequent cyanide leaching. An increase in reagent concentration (1–4 mol/L Na₂S or NaOH) and temperature (20–80°C), and a decrease in particle size seem to produce an enhancing effect on metal extraction. These findings suggest that alkaline sulfide leaching can be suitably used as a chemical pretreatment method prior to the conventional cyanidation for antimonial refractory gold and silver ores.     

Production of high purity APT from scheelite and complex tungsten raw material with high Mo content

More than 73% of the tungsten resources in China are scheelite and 41% are high molybdenum content ores, and their dressing becomes increasingly difficult. Such situation calls for new and advanced processes that can treat complex ores and still attain high overall recovery of tungsten. The novel NaOH digestion process and selective precipitation process was developed. The former is universal for leaching tungsten from various tungsten materials,including scheelite concentrate and keeps most of the impurity elements P, As and Si in residue; while the latter is effective for removing impurities such as Mo and Sn. Combined with the traditional ion exchange process, the new process can be used to produce APT that confirms with the Chinese National Standard GB10116-88APT-0 with crystallization ratio of 95%. When treating high molybdenum scheelite concentrate from Shizhuyuan Deposit with WO3 content of 50%-55%, recovery of the new process may reach up to about 95% which is grossly the same as that from the traditional way for treating standard wolframite concentrates.     

MECHANOCHEMICAL REACTION IN PROCESS OF GRINDING GOLD ORE

ＭＥＣＨＡＮＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＦＧＲＩＮＤＩＮＧＧＯＬＤＯＲＥＹｉＮａｎｇａｉ；ＸｕＸｉａｏｈｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｉｎｇＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈｅｎｙ...     

色层法分离金的现状

综述用阴离子交换树脂、螯合树脂、萃淋树脂、聚酯泡沫塑料和萃取色层分离法和活性炭富集金的状况,并讨论色层法分离水、岩石和矿物中金的新进展.     

印度京达尔公司COREX设备循环利用钢厂废料的实践

COREX工艺是一种炼铁前沿技术,可以使用铁矿和非焦煤生产出优质铁水,操作灵活性大.印度京达尔公司使用COREX设备成功地循环利用了钢厂再生铁矿粉、氧化铁皮、直接还原铁粉料、焦丁、碱性氧气转炉炉渣、COREX污泥、石灰石和白云石粉等废料,并取得了较好的效果.     

从金的氯化物溶液中回收金

合成一种金的络合剂yc—1,对其回收金的条件做了实验优选,然后确定最佳回收条件。     

从低品位含金尾矿中回收金的堆浸参数研究

辽宁丹东某铜矿尾矿金品位为1.35 g/t,属低品位难处理金矿。采用柱浸模拟现场堆浸工艺条件,对工艺参数进行了模拟试验。条件实验表明,在浸出剂氰化钠浓度为0.10%、石灰水喷淋调整浸出液pH=11、矿层高度305 mm、在10℃以上浸出120 h,金浸出率为58.14%。放大试验延长浸出时间至480 h,金浸出率达到70%左右。获得的工艺参数可为堆浸生产提供指导。     

Transformation and leaching kinetics of silicon from low-grade nickel laterite ore by pre-roasting and alkaline leaching process

The mineralogical phase transformation of a low-grade nickel laterite ore during pre-roasting process and the extraction of silicon during alkaline leaching process were investigated. The results indicate that the reaction activity of nickel ores is effectively improved by pre-roasting at 650 °C for 2 h, because of the transformation of lizardite into magnesium olivine and protoenstatite. When finely ground ore samples (44–61 μm) pre-roasted firstly react with sodium hydroxide solution (60 g/L) with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 at 140 °C for 120 min, the extraction of silicon can reach 89.89%, and the other valuable elements of magnesium, iron and nickel are accumulated in the solid residues. The leaching kinetics of nickel laterite ore can be described successfully by the diffusion through the product layer control model. The activation energy is calculated to be 11.63 kJ/mol and the kinetics equation can be expressed as 1–3(1–x)^2/3+2(1–x)=13.53×10^?2exp[–11.63/(RT)]t.     

Biotechnology for the extractive metals industries

Biotechnology is an alternative process for the extraction of metals, the beneficiation of ores, and the recovery of metals from aqueous systems. Currently, microbial-based processes are used for leaching copper and uranium, enhancing the recovery of gold from refractory ores, and treating industrial wastewater to recover metal values. Future developments, emanating from fundamental and applied research and advances through genetic engineering, are expected to increase the use and efficiency of these biotechnological processes.