38 ^7Be在Au中衰变率的精确测量

放射性核素的半衰期，特别是发生电子俘获和内转换过程的半衰期与核外电子密度有关，因此改变核外物理、化学环境就有可能改变核素的半衰期。精确测量这些核素的半衰期以及研究它们在不同核外环境中半衰期的变化在许多领域有着重要的应用。从环境物质电子亲合势对电子俘获过程的影响这一角度看，Au的化学性质稳定，电子亲合势的测量数据比较一致，注入到Au中的^7Be的衰变率适于作为参照。     

^7 Be衰变率受核外环境微扰的实验

~7Be是最轻的放射性核素。因为~7Be具有简单的电子壳层结构1s~2s~2,所以它是研究核素衰变率微扰的最为合适的核素之一。精确测量~7Be衰变率随核外环境变化的课题在基础核物理、天体物理、凝聚态物理、地球化学等领域有着广泛应用。用高纯锗γ谱仪测量了注入到天然Be和天然Au中的~7Be发生电子俘获的衰变率可能存在的差异,为减小系统误差,在第一轮测量后,将样品对调进行     

7Be在Au中衰变率的精确测量

对在通常实验室环境下注入到Au中的⁷Be发生电子俘获的半衰期进行测量。共测量4.8个半衰期，测得T_1/2=（53.245±0.003）d。此测量结果可作为研究⁷Be衰变率随环境不同而发生变化时的参照值。     

~7Be注入到不同材料中衰变常量的变化

由于放射性核素的半衰期特别是发生电子俘获和内转换过程的半衰期与核外电子密度有关,因而改变核外物理、化学环境就有可能改变核素的半衰期。精确测量这些核素的半衰期以及研究它们在不同核外环境中半衰期的变化在许多领域有着重要的应用。7Be是发生电子俘获最轻的放射性核素,     

乌鲁木齐市沉降物中^(7)Be、^(40)K放射性水平

为了解乌鲁木齐市辐射环境水平,监测了乌鲁木齐市周围环境空气中沉降物2017—2021年^(7)Be、^(40)K放射性水平。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市沉降物中^(7)Be的最大值为2.8 Bq/(m^(2)·d),最小值为1.1 Bq/(m^(2)·d),5年均值为1.94 Bq/(m^(2)·d);^(40)K的最大值为1050 mBq/(m^(2)·d),最小值为104 mBq/(m^(2)·d),5年均值为354.3 mBq/(m^(2)·d);乌鲁木齐市沉降物中的^(7)Be、^(40)K放射性水平处于正常天然放射性水平,且5年测值基本处于稳定状态。     

Be/中间层/HR-1不锈钢热静压连接界面特性

采用热静压方法进行Be/HR-I不锈钢的扩散连接,利用光学金相、扫描电镜(SEM)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)及材料试验机分析了接头扩散区的显微组织、元素和物相分布以及力学性能,讨论了Cu、Al和Ag-Cu合金作为中间层材料的作用.研究表明:Al作为中间层材料,不易实现Be/HR-I不锈钢的扩散连接;Cu和Ag-Cu合金作为中间层材料,能够实现Be/HR-I不锈钢的扩散连接,且Ag-Cu合金作为中间层扩散连接效果更好,更能有效地减少铍和不锈钢间的元素互扩散;Be与Fe和不锈钢中其他合金元素的脆性金属间化合物的大量生成,使接头质量较好.     

用组合叠层CR-39固体径迹探测器测量加速器厚铍靶9Be(d,n)反应中子能谱

采用组合叠层CR-39固体径迹探测器实验方法测量了加速器D（d,n）反应产生的5MeV与2MeV准单能中子能谱。进而测量了入射氘离子能量为3MeV时加速器厚铍靶9Be（d,n）反应的中子能谱,与已有的飞行时间法的测量结果基本相符。在此基础上,用该法又测量了入射氘离子能量为1．5MeV时加速器厚铍靶9Be（d,n）反应的中子能谱,结果符合较低能量氘离子与厚铍靶发生9Be（d,n）的核反应的物理过程。     

7Be示踪土壤侵蚀研究现状及存在问题探讨

天然放射性核素7Be具有沉降的连续性、能被土壤颗粒强烈吸附及较短半衰期等特性,近年来逐渐被应用于土壤侵蚀的研究,可示踪短期内和次降雨的土壤侵蚀速率,定量化描述坡面土壤侵蚀空间分布,也可与137Cs、210pb、226Ra和228Ra等相结合研究土壤侵蚀过程,表征流域土壤侵蚀状况.本文就7Be示踪土壤侵蚀的依据、目前的应用现状及研究中存在的问题加以简述,并探讨了今后研究的主要方向.     

Determination of Astrophysical Reaction Rate of ^8Li（d,p）^9Li

由于放射性核素的半衰期特别是发生电子俘获和内转换过程的半衰期与核外电子密度有关，因而改变核外物理、化学环境就有可能改变核素的半衰期。精确测量这些核素的半衰期以及研究它们在不同核外环境中半衰期的变化在许多领域有着重要的应用。^7Be是发生电子俘获最轻的放射性核素，具有简单的电子壳层结构，并且^7Be电子俘获会伴随放出478keVγ射线，因此常被人们用来研究核的衰变率变化。     

静态场电子陷阱的稳定性问题

本文讨论了静态场电子陷阱中电子的运动方程及端盖注入和环注入两种情况下的稳定解,考虑了将静态场电子陷阱应用于中微子质量测量实验的可能性。对文献中的错误作了纠正。     

Be radioactive beam production at CIRCE and its utilization in basic and applied physics

A pure ⁷Be beam with an energy E = 1-8 MeV is available for nuclear and applied physics at the 3 MV Pelletron tandem accelerator CIRCE in Caserta. The beam is produced using an offline technique. Typical analyzed beam intensities are about 2 ppA, using cathodes with an activity of the order of 200 MBq. The ⁷Be implantation has been used for both fundamental nuclear physics and applied physics. In particular, different metals have been implanted with ⁷Be in order to study the influence of the chemical composition and of the number of quasi-free electrons of the host material on the ⁷Be half-life. In the field of applied physics, the ⁷Be implantation turns out to be very interesting for wear measurement. In fact, in this case ⁷Be is used as a depth-sensitive tracer. The continuous detection of the sample activity during the wear allows a high sensitivity measurement of wearing speed. The ⁷Be beam production at CIRCE, the implantation procedure and the results obtained from the ⁷Be half-life measurements and the wear characterization of implanted steel samples are described.     

10Be/9Be标准样品的制备和加速器质谱测量

采用同位素稀释法由¹⁰Be标准参考物质SRM4325制备系列 ¹⁰Be/⁹Be标准样品,在北京HI-13串列加速器的AMS系统上对该系列标准（n(¹⁰Be)/n(⁹Be)范围为2.68×10^-11~2.38×10^-12）进行测量。测量结果显示，n(¹⁰Be)/n(⁹Be)测量值与标称值呈良好线性关系，且归一化后的测量值与标称值吻合。该系列标准可用于北京HI-13串列加速器的AMS系统对地质环境样品中¹⁰Be/⁹Be绝对比值的准确测定。     

Be in commercial beryllium

¹⁰Be has been observed at a level of about 10⁻¹⁴ in four commercially available beryllium compounds. The possibility that this ¹⁰Be arises from cross-talk in the ion source has been eliminated. On the other hand, beryllium oxide extracted from beryl crystals found at a depth of 30–40 feet in a lithium mine in South Dakota shows no indication of containing ¹⁰Be. An upper limit on its ¹⁰Be:⁹Be ratio is 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ at the 95% confidence level.     

Effect of magnetic field on the growth of Be films prepared by thermal evaporation

Grain refinement of beryllium deposits is studied as a significant subject for beryllium capsule in the Inertial Confinement Fusion project. The Be films were prepared on the Si (1 0 0) substrates by thermal evaporation with and without a magnetic field, respectively. The two separate groups of prepared Be films were characterized. The results showed the grain diameter in the Be film transited from 300 nm to 18 nm and the surface roughness of the Be film decreased from 61 nm to 3 nm by application of the magnetic field during the deposition process of Be coating. However, the Be film grown with the magnetic field was easily oxidized in comparison with that grown without magnetic field due to the refined grains, and the oxidation was gradually decreased with the increase of etching depth in the Be film. The reason for grain refinement of Be film was also qualitatively described.     

A method for determination of the s orbital component of ~(12)Be ground state

The ambiguity of the structure of ~(12)Be especially in the configuration of Be ground state has attracted a lot of attention recently.We notice that the nuclear reaction cross section or at low energy region is sensitive to the surface structure of ~(12)Be,which is greatly impacted by the ground state configuration of ~(12)Be especially by the occupancy probability of the s orbital component.By using existed interaction cross section data of ~(12)Be on C at 790 MeV/nucleon and Glauber model,the upper limit of the s orbital occupation probability of ~(12)Be ground state is roughly determined to be about 56%with Single Particle Model calculations.This demonstrates that the method is very promising to determine the s orbital component of ~(12)Be with proper nuclear-matter density distribution calculations for different orbitals of ~(12)Be ground state.Hence we bring forward to determine the s orbital component of ~(12)Be by measuring the ctr of ~(12)Be on C and Al at several tens of MeV/nucleon.In this paper,the feasibility and detailed experimental scheme of the ctr measurement are carefully studied.The precision of the s orbital occupation probability of ~(12)Be ground state is expected to achieve 9%by using the proposed 2%ctr data.     

10 Be in commercial beryllium

¹⁰Be has been observed at a level of about 10^?14 in four commercially available beryllium compounds. The possibility that this ¹⁰Be arises from cross-talk in the ion source has been eliminated. On the other hand, beryllium oxide extracted from beryl crystals found at a depth of 30–40 feet in a lithium mine in South Dakota shows no indication of containing ¹⁰Be. An upper limit on its ${}^{10}\text{Be}\text{:}{}^9\text{Be}$ ratio is 1.7 × 10^?15 at the 95% confidence level.     

Determination of the Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting

A new method was designed and used for determining the half-life of the isotope ¹⁰Be. The method is based on (1) accurate ¹⁰Be/⁹Be measurements of ⁹Be-spiked solutions of a ¹⁰Be-rich master solution using multicollector ICP mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and (2) liquid scintillation counting (LSC) using the CIEMAT/NIST method for determining the activity concentrations of the solutions whose ¹⁰Be concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. Important requirements for the success of this approach (a) was the previous coating of glass ampoules filled for counting experiments with ⁹Be, thereby reducing the risk of the adsorptive loss of ¹⁰Be; (b) the removal of Boron from solutions to be measured by MC-ICP-MS by cation chromatography without the introduction of mass fractionation and (c) the accurate determination of the mass bias of ¹⁰Be/⁹Be measurements by ICP-MS which are always affected by the space-charge effect. The mass bias factor was determined to be 1.1862 ± 0.071 for ¹⁰Be/⁹Be from careful fitting and error propagation of ratios of measured Li, B, Si, Cr, Fe, Cu, Sr, Nd, Hf, Tl and U standard solutions of known composition under the same measurement conditions. Employing this factor, an absolute ¹⁰Be/⁹Be ratio of 1.464 ± 0.014 was determined for a first dilution of the ¹⁰Be-rich master solution. This solution is now available as an absolute Be ratio standard in AMS measurements. Finally, a half-life of (1.386 ± 0.016) My (standard uncertainty) was calculated. This value is much more precise than previous estimates and was derived from a fully independent set of experiments. In a parallel, fully independent study using the same master solution, Korschinek et al. [35] have determined a half-life of (1.388 ± 0.018) My. The combined half-life and uncertainty amounts to (1.387 ± 0.012) My. We suggest the use of this value in nuclear studies and in studies that make use of cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in environmental and geologic samples.     

A new value for the half-life of Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting

The importance of ¹⁰Be in different applications of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is well-known. In this context the half-life of ¹⁰Be has a crucial impact, and an accurate and precise determination of the half-life is a prerequisite for many of the applications of ¹⁰Be in cosmic-ray and earth science research. Recently, the value of the ¹⁰Be half-life has been the centre of much debate. In order to overcome uncertainties inherent in previous determinations, we introduced a new method of high accuracy and precision. An aliquot of our highly enriched ¹⁰Be master solution was serially diluted with increasing well-known masses of ⁹Be. We then determined the initial ¹⁰Be concentration by least square fit to the series of measurements of the resultant ¹⁰Be/⁹Be ratio. In order to minimize uncertainties because of mass bias which plague other low-energy mass spectrometric methods, we used for the first time Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection (HI-ERD) for the determination of the ¹⁰Be/⁹Be isotopic ratios, a technique which does not suffer from difficult to control mass fractionation. The specific activity of the master solution was measured by means of accurate liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The resultant combination of the ¹⁰Be concentration and activity yields a ¹⁰Be half-life of T_1/2 = 1.388 ± 0.018 (1 s, 1.30%) Ma. In a parallel but independent study (Chmeleff et al. [11]), found a value of 1.386 ± 0.016 (1.15%) Ma. Our recommended weighted mean and mean standard error for the new value for ¹⁰Be half-life based on these two independent measurements is 1.387 ± 0.012 (0.87%) Ma.