低熔封接玻璃组成及其发展

综述了低熔封接玻璃的组成特点，给出了大量低熔玻璃组成实例，批出了低熔封接玻璃的封接低温化和无铅化发展方向，磷酸盐玻璃是首选组成之一。新的制备工艺和新的玻璃形成体系将对封接玻璃发展起着十分重要的作用。     

绿色无铅低熔点封接玻璃研究进展

传统的封接玻璃由于含有重金属元素铅,对环境和人类健康有着极大的损害,目前已经被世界各国限制使用或者禁止使用,因此,低熔点封接玻璃的无铅化将会是今后的主要发展方向。本文以低熔点封接玻璃的无铅化为出发点,归纳总结低熔点封接玻璃的主要性能。首先介绍了包括磷酸盐玻璃,钒酸盐、硼酸盐、铋酸盐玻璃在内的低熔点封接玻璃的组成、结构特点、性能以及研究现状。其次,提出了封接玻璃的封接低温化和无铅化的发展方向。最后,针对低熔点封接玻璃研究中存在的不足,对玻璃粉添加颗粒进行复合改性、加强玻璃理论研究、研发制备新工艺,是今后研究应该着力的突破点。     

无铅低熔玻璃的研究及其进展

随着欧盟RoHS绿色指令的颁布和人类环保意识的增强，低熔点玻璃无铅化已越来越受到人们的重视。概述了无铅低熔玻璃的国内外研究现状，对无铅硼酸盐、磷酸盐、钒酸盐玻璃等体系的组成以及物化性能进行了较为全面的介绍，并分析了无铅低熔玻璃今后发展的难点和趋势。     

磷酸盐低熔封接玻璃的无铅化研究

从成本和低温化考虑,磷酸盐低熔封接玻璃最有可能取代商业铅基低熔玻璃。总结了近20年来研究较多的SnO-MO(M=Zn,Mg,Ca)-P2O5、ZnO-Sb2O3-P2O5、Na2O-CuO-P2O5、Na2O-Fe2O3-P2O5、硼磷酸盐和磷酸盐氧氮低熔玻璃系统的玻璃形成范围、制备方法、结构特征、性能参数和应用范围,总结的玻璃性能主要包括化学稳定性、转变温度、软化温度和热膨胀系数;指出硼磷酸盐、Na2O-CuO-P2O5、ZnO-SnO(Sb2O3)-P2O5、铁磷酸盐系统玻璃的化学稳定性基本达到或优于商业铅基低熔封接玻璃,磷酸和硼磷酸盐系统适用于中低温封接,而SnO-ZnO-P2O5和Na2O-CuO-P2O5应用于低温封接仍需解决转变温度大幅浮动、成本高及热膨胀系数等问题。     

Pr3+掺杂铋碲酸盐玻璃的热膨胀与可见荧光发射

制备了Pr3 掺杂的高折射率7.5Li2O-7.5K2O-5BaO-5Bi2O3-75TeO2重金属铋碲酸盐玻璃.测定了玻璃的热膨胀曲线,计算了样品的热膨胀系数α,转变温度Tg和软化温度Tf.紫外灯下观察,Pr3 掺杂的玻璃样品发出橙红光.室温下记录了玻璃样品的吸收、激发和荧光发射光谱.光谱分析表明:紫外灯、蓝色激光二极管、蓝色发光二极管,以及氩离子激光器是Pr3 掺杂铋碲酸盐玻璃的有效激发光源.     

高水平放射性废物固化用磷酸盐玻璃的研究进展

高水平放射性废物的玻璃固化是利用化学稳定性、热稳定性和抗辐照稳定性好且废物包容量高的玻璃基质来将其固化,从而实现高放废物的长期、高效、安全处置.磷酸盐玻璃具有熔融温度低、熔体流动性好、均化时间短、对一些放射性废物的溶解度高等优点,可弥补已工业化应用的硼硅酸盐玻璃固化基质的不足,用于这些高放废物的安全固化.本文综述了磷酸盐玻璃基质在高放废物固化方面的研究进展.主要论述了磷酸盐玻璃用于固化高放废物的优势与不足;总结了目前已用于或可用于安全固化高放废物的磷酸盐玻璃基质;归纳了模拟高放废物磷酸盐玻璃固化体的组成、制备及性能;展望了未来研究的发展方向.     

1.55μm光纤放大器用掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃光谱性能研究

制备了TeO2-BaO(Li2O,Na2O)-La2O3掺铒碲酸盐玻璃系统,测量玻璃的密度、折射率和DSC曲线,以及玻璃的吸收光谱和荧光光谱.由测得的密度和折射率等参数,应用Judd-Ofelt理论和McCumber理论,计算出碲酸盐玻璃的各光学性能参数与受激发射截面.且从测得热稳定性能较好的TBLE3荧光发射谱图中得到该碲酸盐玻璃荧光半高宽(FWHM)为～60nm,σepeak×FHWM值高达～600,明显大于掺铒硅酸盐玻璃和磷酸盐玻璃,表明该种碲酸盐玻璃是光纤发大器用的理想基质材料.     

铋锗酸盐玻璃中铒离子的上转换光谱特性

研究了由重金属氧化物Bi2O3-GeO2-PbO组分高温融熔而成的铋锗酸盐玻璃中稀土掺杂铒离子(Er3+)的吸收光谱、上转换发光谱以及玻璃基质的红外吸收谱,着重分析了975 nm和800 nm泵浦光激励下Er3+离子的上转换发光机理.结果表明,在975 nm或800 nm泵浦光激励下,观察到了绿光(529 nm、552...     

掺Er3+氟铅硅酸盐玻璃的光谱性质和热稳定性研究

制备了掺Er^3 氟铅硅酸盐玻璃，研究了玻璃的物理性质、热稳定性、吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命，应用McCumber理论，计算了能级^4I13／2→^4I15／2跃迁的吸收和受激发射截面．结果表明：以PbF2等分子替代PbO含量，样品密度、折射率、热稳定性、吸收截面和受激发射截面降低，但荧光半高宽和荧光寿命增加，对Er^3 离子在不同玻璃基质中带宽特性的比较发现，Er^3 掺杂50SiO2—50PbF2玻璃的带宽特性与碲酸盐和铋酸盐玻璃相当，大于磷酸盐，锗酸盐和硅酸盐玻璃，表明掺Er^3 氟铅硅酸盐玻璃可作为宽带光纤放大器的基质材料。     

掺钕氟锆酸盐玻璃激光光纤的研制

应用Ｊｕｄｄ－Ｏｆｅｌｔ理论模型和实验测定，研究了几种掺钕氟化物玻璃的光谱和荧光性质及其与玻璃化学组成的关系。结果表明，钕离在了氟锆酸盐玻璃中的发光性质要优于它在氟铝酸盐玻璃和氟磷酸盐玻璃中的发光性质，并随氟锆酸盐玻璃中氟逐步被氯所取代得到进一步的改善。应用连续浇注法制得了相 应玻璃包皮的氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤预制棒，并拉制出芯径为９μｍ掺钕氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤，该光纤在波长为５１４ｎｍ的氩激光或波长为８０     

Preparation and optical properties of TPPS-doped metal–carboxylate-salts glasses

Li and Na carboxylate salts glasses with different number chains containing molecules of Tetraphenyl-porphine-tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS) were prepared by the melting method. TPPS doped in the glasses had the same form as the TPPS in the aqueous solutions. However the form of TPPS in the glasses changed because TPPS reacted with matrix glass during the melting process. Tetraphenyl-porphine (TPP) could no be incorporated into the Li and Na carboxylate salts glasses by the present melting method. The free base TPPS is important for photochemical hole burning (PHB) properties, and a mixed metal–carboxylate salts glasses containing free-base TPPS, which is the active form for PHB, were prepared by controlling the melting condition. It was found that a preparation condition such as holding time of the melts affects the formation of the complex of the TPPS and that in the mixed metal–carboxylate salts melts the TPPS formed a complex with Li but did not form a complex with Na.     

无铅玻璃研制的进展

阐述了无铅玻璃包括晶质玻璃、电子玻璃、电真空玻璃、焊料玻璃、微晶玻璃焊料的成分、性质、制造过程,指出目前存在的问题和今后发展的方向.     

Characterization of lead, barium and strontium leachability from foam glasses elaborated using waste cathode ray-tube glasses

Foam glass manufacture is a promising mode for re-using cathode ray tube (CRT) glasses. Nevertheless, because CRTs employ glasses containing heavy metals such as lead, barium and strontium, the leaching behaviour of foam glasses fabricated from CRTs must be understood. Using the AFNOR X 31-210 leaching assessment procedure, the degree of element inertization in foam glasses synthesized from waste CRT glasses (funnel and panel glasses, containing lead and barium/strontium respectively) were determined. The amount of leached lead from foam glasses prepared from funnel glass depends on the nature and concentration of the reducing agent. The effects of the reducing agents on the generation of cellular structure in the fabrication of foam glass were studied. The fraction of lead released from foam glass was less than those extracted from funnel glass and was lower than the statutory limit. Leached concentrations of barium and strontium were found to be approximately constant in various tests and were also below regulatory limits.     

等离子体显示屏用基板玻璃的研究现状

从等离子体平板显示技术和等离子体显示屏(PDP)对前后基板玻璃的要求出发,介绍了传统钠钙硅玻璃及PD200和Cs25等几种新型玻璃的组成、性能特点和应用中存在的问题与不足.指出了开发一种性能优异、成本低廉且适合于大规模工业化生产的PDP专用基板玻璃的制备技术和产品对我国国民经济建设和国防军建设的重要意义.     

Corrosion by a Heavy Metal Oxide Glass

Melts of lead bismuth gallate compositions are highly corrosive and attack on crucibles of different materials. In the present study, corrosion by a base glass (50PbO-30Bi2O3-20Ga2O3 in mole fraction) melted using different crucibles and the effect on UV-VIS and IR edges were studied. By melting the base glass in platinum/2% rhodium, gold zirconia and alumina crucibles showed less effect on the IR edge and therefore shifted the infrared edge to longer wavelength, whereas silica crucible contaminated the glass, causing a severe deterioration in the infrared and hence shifted infrared edge to much shorter wavelength. In the UV-VIS region, base glass melted in platinum/2% rhodium crucible shifted the edge to the longest wavelength whereas silica crucible shifted the edge to shorter wavelength. The contaminants from gold, zirconia and alumina crucibles caused the UV-VIS edge of the base glass to lie between the two extremes of Pt/2% Rh and SiO2 crucibles. The glasses melted in above mentioned crucibles were     

Preparation of glass by sintering

Preparation of glass articles by sintering of glass and amorphous powders is considered. The classification of sintering processes includes: (a) sintering of premelted and pulverized glasses; (b) sintering of premelted chemically treated glasses; (c) sintering without melting; (d) sintering with melting. The most interesting class of processes is sintering without, or simultaneously with, melting and it includes preparation of preforms for optical fibres and the sol-gel route for glass preparation. This last route is reviewed in detail. Two main versions are considered: preparation of gels by hydrolysis and polymerization of alkoxides, and sintering of amorphous colloidal powder compacts. The sol-gel processes represent an embryo of a new technology for the production of high-melting glasses (including quartz glass) at relatively low temperatures.     

玻璃的辐照效应及耐辐照改性研究进展

航天科技、核医学、核能工业和绿色建筑的发展对使用在辐射环境中的玻璃提出了越来越高的要求。玻璃在辐射环境中会发生微观结构变化和宏观性质改变,耐辐照玻璃是一种在高能射线或粒子辐照后可见光区透过率下降较小,能保持物理化学性能稳定的特种玻璃。阐述了玻璃的辐照效应研究现状,介绍了玻璃耐辐照改性的研究进展及挑战,并提出了值得关注的新趋势。     

铅-钡-铝磷酸盐玻璃的热性质和红外光谱

用差热分析和热机械分析研究了一种新发展的铅-钡-铝磷酸盐玻璃的热性质,表明这种玻璃的熔化温度低,转变温度和软化温度也较低,热膨胀系数大．这种玻璃的红外光谱的特点：在近红外区有一很弱的水分吸收带,在中红外区没有P＝0特征吸收带,在远红外区的三个吸收带,指示玻璃中三种金属阳离子在它们的氧笼中的振动．     

硅砂原料对无碱铝硼硅玻璃熔化特性的影响

研究了硅砂原料对无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃(即TFT-LCD基板玻璃)熔化特性的影响。结果表明:玻璃熔制过程中"富硅氧层"的出现与石英砂颗粒粒径有关,当粒径小于75微米时,玻璃熔化质量良好;石英砂颗粒形态对于熔解特性也很重要,最佳的颗粒形态为圆形,并且粒径分布范围要相对集中,处于较窄区域。