消除光晕和细节增强的多尺度Retinex红外图像增强

针对传统Retinex算法处理红外图像存在光晕伪影和细节增强不足的缺点,本文提出一种消除光晕和细节增强的Multi-scale Retinex(MSR)红外图像增强算法。首先,以局部方差和局部复杂度构造引导滤波的自适应平滑增益,然后,采用改进的引导滤波核函数估计照度分量,在对数域对多尺度Retinex数学模型求解,获取消除光晕和细节保持的多尺度反射分量。最后,为进一步增强细节和提升亮度,对反射分量依灰度等级进行自适应增强,并通过偏移调整和Gamma校正改善图像亮度,得到最终增强图像。实验结果表明,本文算法相对其它的Retinex增强算法,可有效地消除光晕现象,突出细节,可获得视觉效果良好的增强结果。     

基于自适应引导滤波的子带分解多尺度Retinex红外图像增强

利用引导滤波的边缘保持特性及梯度保持特性,提出一种基于自适应引导滤波的子带分解多尺度Retinex红外图像增强算法。首先利用自适应引导滤波对光照分量进行精确估计,生成光谱不重叠的Retinex子带,然后对各个子带进行自适应增强,最后将各个增强后的子带加权融合。实验证明,该算法可有效消除光晕现象及凸显红外图像细节。     

基于双边滤波的单尺度Retinex图像增强算法

提出了一种基于双边滤波的单尺度Retinex图像增强方法,在有效增强图像的同时,很好地保持了图像边缘及高亮部分的细节.采用双边高斯滤波来估计图像亮度,同时对原始图像进行局部对比度增强,有效地消除了光晕现象并增强了局部对比度.通过Weber定律在增强过程中对图像亮度进行控制,防止增强后的图像过亮,保持图像高亮部分的细节.实验结果表明:该方法增强效果明显,适用于灰度图像和彩色图像,并能防止颜色失真,使灰度和彩色图像达到较好的视觉效果.     

结合暗通道的自适应MSRCR图像去雾算法

针对传统Retinex图像增强算法在图像去雾中无法对雾天图像实际情况进行去雾,导致增强后的图像出现光晕效应和细节丢失等问题,提出一种结合暗通道先验理论和引导滤波方法的自适应的多尺度Ret-inex图像去雾算法.利用子块平移部分重叠法将雾天图像进行分块处理;通过分析雾天图像的透射率和引导滤波尺度的相关性,利用最小二乘法构...     

基于改进的同态滤波和Retinex的水下图像增强的算法研究

光在水下传播受到微粒和水吸收作用的影响,导致水下图像对比度低,含有噪声且存在颜色偏差.针对传统的同态滤波算法增强后的图像还存在雾状模糊且颜色偏暗的问题,提出改进的同态滤波与Retinex多尺度融合的水下图像增强算法.该算法首先用基于双边滤波的单尺度Retinex算法对原始图像进行颜色校正;然后对修正后的图像构造相应的B...     

基于多尺度Retinex算法的遥感图像增强

遥感图像增强是对遥感图像进行后继处理的必要步骤且在遥感图像的处理中占有独特的地位.当前,有很多图像增强方法被应用到遥感图像的增强当中,文中引入Retinex增强算法,该算法可以实现对图像进行自适应的增强处理.为了使Retinex算法更具有普遍性和自适应性,采用多尺度Retinex算法对图像进行增强.多尺度Retinex算法即结合多个尺度上的单Retinex算法,因而可以进一步提高Retinex算法的自适应能力和对图像的增强效果.应用小波变换方法和多尺度Retinex算法对遥感图像进行增强对比实验,实验结果表明多尺度Retinex算法在遥感图像的增强方面具有优越性,并且可以取得令人满意的增强效果.     

改进多尺度的Retinex红外图像增强

为了解决传统的多尺度Retinex算法在对红外图像细节增强时产生光晕现象和增强图像噪声等问题,提出一种改进引导滤波器的多尺度Retinex的红外图像细节增强算法.首先,采用改进的引导滤波器代替高斯滤波器对红外图像进行入射分量的精确估计,并计算出其反射分量,以减少图像中的噪声,改善光晕现象.其次,对入射分量进行自适应性灰...     

改进直方图均衡和Retinex算法在灰度图像增强中的应用

为了提高光照条件变化下的图像增强效果,提出一种改进直方图均衡和Retinex算法的图像增强方法。对于待增强灰度图像,通过理想低通滤波获得图像低频分量,采用改进直方图均衡进行动态范围优化,利用引导图像滤波代替Retinex算法的高斯滤波对图像的高频分量进行估计,并对估计的结果进行线性放大处理。实验结果表明,相对单尺度和多尺度Retinex算法以及改进的直方图均衡化算法,本文方法从主观和客观评价方面都获得了更好的图像增强效果,有效提高了图像的视觉效果和可懂度,并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于自动色阶和多尺度Retinex彩色图像增强算法

为了解决多尺度Retinex算法(MSR)在增强光照不均的单彩色图像时出现的细节模糊、颜色失真的问题,提出一种基于自动色阶和多尺度Retinex算法(Auto-colorMSR)。对图像进行双边滤波去噪,利用添加光照参数调节的MSR算法对去噪图像进行增强,并通过自动色阶进行色彩恢复得到增强图像。实验结果表明,提出的算法优于传统算法,图像增强后具有更好颜色保真和边缘细节保留特性。     

基于同态滤波和Retinex的图像去雾算法

传统的Retinex算法在图像去雾时均假设光照是平缓变化的,在处理光照不均的图像时,易出现光晕现象。针对这一问题,本文提出一种改进的同态滤波算法用于校正图像的光照,可对图像中亮度差异较大的区域进行不同程度的滤波;经光照校正的图像再采用Retinex算法进行图像去雾,可避免光晕现象。实验结果表明,本文方法可有效消除光照不均的雾霾图像所出现的光晕现象,且去雾效果优于传统的Retinex算法,时间复杂度低于Meylan算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.