Cu-Sn-Ti钎料与陶瓷结合剂体积比对金刚石节块微观结构和力学性能的影响

为提高陶瓷结合剂对金刚石磨料的把持力,将Cu-Sn-Ti钎料添加到SiO₂-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Li₂O陶瓷结合剂中制得新型陶瓷-金属结合剂金刚石节块。表征其显微形貌、收缩率、物相组成和力学性能,以确定烧结温度;通过SEM、XRD分析,研究陶瓷结合剂与Cu-Sn-Ti钎料的体积比变化对金刚石节块性能的影响。结果表明:金属陶瓷结合剂与金刚石之间生成了TiC,有助于提高结合剂对金刚石的把持力,从而提高节块的抗弯强度;当烧结温度为950 ℃,陶瓷结合剂与Cu-Sn-Ti钎料体积比为1∶1时,两者形成致密的玻璃网络,节块收缩率为3%,抗弯强度达到最大值64.4 MPa。      

超高压水雾化制备预合金粉末在金刚石工具中的应用（英文）

采用超高压水雾化工艺制备金刚石工具用铜基、铁基、钴基预合金粉末,并对超高压水雾化法、常规水雾化法以及单质金属机械混合粉末制备的金刚石工具烧结节块的力学性能、胎体对金刚石的把持力、空白与含金刚石胎体烧结节块的断口形貌进行测定、比较与分析。结果表明:超高压水雾化预合金粉末烧结节块的相对密度、硬度和抗弯强度等力学性能有显著提高。超高压水雾化预合金粉末烧结节块断口形貌为韧性断裂,预合金粉末与金刚石之间除具有机械嵌镶力外,还存在化学结合力,胎体粉末材料对金刚石的把持能力明显增强。采用超高压水雾化预合金粉末可大大改善金刚石制品胎体的力学性能与使用寿命。     

镍基高温合金Al-Cr涂层的恒温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀沉积Cr和粉末包埋法渗Al的联合工艺制备了Al-Cr涂层,并利用粉末包埋法制备了渗Al涂层,分析了2种涂层的组织结构和成分,研究了镍基高温合金DSM11基体、渗Al涂层和Al-Cr涂层在1000和1100℃下的恒温氧化行为.结果表明:渗Al涂层和Al-Cr涂层组织致密,与基体结合良好且成分分布均匀.2种涂层都明显分为2个区域:外层和互扩散区.渗Al涂层外层由b-NiAl相和Ni2Al3相组成,Al-Cr涂层外层由b-NiAl相、Ni2Al3相、a-Cr相和AlCr2相组成.AlCr涂层可以显著改善基体合金的抗氧化性能,且明显优于渗Al涂层.Al-Cr涂层优良的抗氧化性能源于在氧化过程中出现了Cr(W)析出带,能够一定程度阻碍涂层中的Al元素向基体扩散,降低了涂层退化速度,而Cr的存在可以促进Al的选择性氧化,提高涂层的自修复能力.     

金刚石锯片铜基节块的组织与力学性能

采用热压烧结工艺制备了包覆金刚石的铜基锯片节块,在铜基结合剂中加入硬质材料WC和金属Cr,研究了烧结工艺参数和成分配比对锯片节块力学性能的影响,探讨了基体与金刚石的结合状况.结果表明,680℃烧结的节块硬度和抗弯强度均比580℃的高;当保温时间相同时,烧结温度对节块抗弯强度的影响大,对节块硬度的影响较小.烧结温度高,有利于在一定程度上改善金刚石与基体的粘结强度,而保温时间较长将导致锡液聚集.含9%WC节块的硬度和抗弯强度均比含3%WC节块的高;在WC含量相同时,Cr含量的增加可以较显著地提高节块的硬度.含金刚石的节块硬度比不含金刚石的节块硬度有所提高,而抗弯强度明显降低.试验得出的优化铜基结合剂中WC、Cr的添加量为9%WC和15%Cr,最佳烧结工艺为680℃×5 min.     

稀土对金属基金刚石节块力学性能的影响

金属基金刚石工具结合剂中添加少量稀土元素可以细化胎体晶粒,净化金刚石与胎体界面,从而改善结合剂与金刚石的界面结合状态。本研究通过在不同类别金刚石节块中添加或不添加稀土元素,观察其力学性能的变化,并进行比较分析,探讨稀土元素对不同类别金刚石节块力学性能的影响机制。实验结果表明稀土元素对不同类别金刚石节块抗弯强度的影响较为显著,同时,在铜基中加入稀土元素,可以加强金刚石与周围胎体的结合状况,提高胎体对金刚石的把持力。研究成果将有利于促进和推广稀土在金刚石工具制造领域中的应用。     

铝的无铅软钎焊试验研究

研究了Sn-0.7cu,Sn-Ag-Cu,Sn-3.5Ag等软钎料合金对1060 Al的润湿性,结果表明钎料中Ag含量在1.5%～2.5%(质量分数)之间润湿性最好.SEM观察发现,钎料合金/Al界面处Ag2 Al金属问化合物并不是从基体AJ向外生长,而是与Al之间隔了一层富Sn相.最后结合Ag-Al扩散模型与键参数函数理论对Ag-Al化合物相的生长过程及润湿性的影响作出了解释.     

石材切割锯片结合剂中铁含量对金刚石把持力的影响

本文对石材切割锯片刀头结合剂中铁含量对金刚石的把持力进行了试验研究。在刀头结合剂中以适量的铁来取代钴，并采用适合的铁镍比例，可以获得与高钴结合剂相当的基体强度和优于高钴结合剂的把持力。同时，对结合剂中铁含量对金刚石把持力的影响原因进行了分析。     

新型多孔金属结合剂金刚石磨盘研制与磨削实验研究

针对引入孔隙结构后,多孔金属结合剂超硬磨具耐用度降低的问题,提出利用超硬磨料钎焊技术改善胎体对金刚石磨料的把持力,以提高工具寿命,并成功研制出一种新型多孔金属结合剂金刚石磨盘。测试分析了新型磨盘的节块性能,并通过磨削花岗岩安溪红635试验,对新型磨盘的磨削效果进行评价。实验结果表明:新型磨盘节块强度在100MPa左右,孔隙率为60%,孔隙在节块内部分布均匀,且金属结合剂与金刚石表面发生了牢固的化学冶金结合;磨削石材的表面粗糙度Ra0.77~1.59μm,磨盘的磨削比达到760。     

合金元素对热压烧结Co-WC合金组织及性能的影响

研究了不同质量分数的合金元素对热压烧结金刚石工具用钴基结合剂组织结构和机械性能的影响。在85%Co-15%WC基础合金中分别加入质量分数为2%、5%、8%的Sn粉和羰基Fe粉。实验结果表明:含质量分数8%Sn的合金组织为片层状,质量分数为8%羰基Fe的合金为等轴状和网状组织。Sn粉的加入能提高合金的硬度,最高达到97.8HRB。添加质量分数为8%的羰基Fe粉使85%Co-15%WC的磨除率达2.21%。含Sn合金的耐磨性与硬度有关,而含羰基Fe合金的耐磨性的决定性因素为相对密度。     

自蔓延烧结金刚石磨头的性能研究

为研究自蔓延烧结工艺对金刚石磨头性能的影响,以高频感应加热诱发Al、Ti、Cu、Ni和Sn粉末自蔓延烧结,制备金刚石磨头,分析节块胎体的微观结构和金刚石与胎体结合剂间的结合情况,并实验研究金刚石磨头的加工性能。结果表明:高频感应加热可缩短自蔓延烧结的预热时间和反应时间,提高制备效率;Ni起关键作用,Ni元素缺失则无法发生自蔓延反应;金刚石磨粒与金属结合剂之间界面结合良好,C、Ti元素之间跨过界面发生了明显的扩散偏聚现象;当胎体结合剂中Al+Ti的质量分数为32%时,金刚石磨头的综合加工性能最好。      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。