Thin-Wall Aluminum Die-Casting Technology for Development of Notebook Computer Housing

Silicon-based aluminum casting alloys are known to be one of the most widely used alloy systems mainly due to their superior casting characteristics and unique combination of mechanical and physical properties. However,manufacturing of thin-walled aluminum die-casting components,less than 1.0 mm in thickness,is generally known to be very difficult task to achieve aluminum casting alloys with high fluidity.Therefore,in this study,the optimal die-casting conditions for producing 297 mm×210 mm×0.7 mm thin-walled aluminum component was examined experimentally by using 2 different gating systems,tangential and split type,and vent design.Furthermore,computational solidification simulation was also conducted.The results showed that split type gating system was preferable gating design than tangential type gating system at the point of view of soundness of casting and distortion generated after solidification.It was also found that proper vent design was one of the most important factors for producing thin-wall casting components because it was important for the fulfillment of the thin-wall cavity and the minimization of the casting distortion.     

铝合金压铸工艺数值模拟分析

采用压铸工艺成形铝合金薄壁长轴类零件。首先根据压铸模具浇注系统的设计原则,对铝合金件压铸模的浇注系统进行了设计计算;其次运用procast软件对铝合金压铸成形工艺进行数值模拟,根据压铸过程中的温度场云图,进行了压铸模具的热平衡分析和压铸件的充型凝固分析;最后针对模拟的结果进行了压铸模具的设计。     

低压铸铝件缩孔缺陷数值模拟与工艺改进

目的 为了避免铝合金盖板低压铸造过程产生的缩孔缺陷,对盖板结构进行分析。方法 采用数值分析技术,对盖板低压铸造过程进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与实际铸件缺陷进行对比,分析缩孔缺陷的产生原因。为消除铸件缩孔缺陷,在模具内增设冷却水道,并对该工艺进行模拟分析。结果 铸件凝固过程中,当合金固相率达到75%时,铸件特征位置处的补缩通道开始陆续关闭,形成了孤立液相区,导致凝固结束时形成缩孔缺陷。当模具内增设冷却水道后,铸件的缩孔体积分数由3.5%下降到0.8%。结论 通过在模具内增设合理的冷却水道,能加快铸件厚大部位的凝固速度,有利于实现顺序凝固,从而避免缩孔缺陷,提高铸件质量。     

垂直缝隙式浇注系统充型过程水模拟

为研究铝合金低压铸造中使用垂直缝隙式浇注系统的充型过程以及立筒与立缝尺寸变化对液体充型形态的影响,设计了透明有机玻璃模型,采用水模拟试验对其进行了研究.研究表明:在充型初期和充型后期,型腔内分别形成旋转方向相反的环流,两种环流之间的转变是通过流路外移完成的;稳定充填时,液体首先沿立筒上升一段距离,然后以一定角度和一定宽度充填进型腔;随立筒截面尺寸增大和立缝变宽变薄,液体沿立筒上升的临界高度增大.     

上倾倒框铸铝件铸造工艺设计及模拟优化

目的 消除ZL114A铝合金上倾倒框铸件的铸造缺陷,获得优质铸件,对该铸件的铸造工艺进行优化设计。方法 使用Unigraphics NX软件进行三维建模,利用ADSTEFAN软件对铸造过程进行模拟。对模拟的充型过程、凝固过程及相关缺陷进行分析。结果 将铸件倒放不利于实现铸件顺序凝固,4个顶冒口的补缩效果不理想,故调整了浇注系统的位置及比例、冒口的位置及大小。最终选取了正放底注式的浇注系统,双侧冒口与单个顶冒口的补缩系统,可获得理想的充型及凝固顺序,有望基本消除铸造缺陷。结论 所采用的计算机模拟方法可以为铸造工艺设计及优化提供指导,为尽可能减少铸造缺陷,保证铸件质量和工艺性奠定了良好的技术基础。     

铝合金汽车转向节精密铸造工艺研究

目的 对某铝合金汽车转向节的精密铸造工艺进行设计与优化研究,以得到合格的铝合金汽车转向节的精密铸造工艺方案。方法 结合铝合金转向节铸件的结构特征、铸件材料特性和铸造经验,在转向节铸件主体部和鹅颈部各开设一个内浇口,设计了铝合金转向节初始浇注方案;通过在初始工艺方案中铸件缺陷较严重的区域设置补缩冒口、在铸件顶部增设排气道等措施给出了铝合金汽车转向节的优化浇注方案,基于ProCAST软件建立了铝合金转向节精密铸造2种浇注方案的有限元模型,对铝合金转向节精密铸造的充型过程、凝固过程及缩孔缩松特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果 铝合金转向节铸件初始浇注方案的充型过程相对稳定流畅,铸件在凝固过程中有孤立液相区的形成,完全凝固后铸件中间部位存在大面积缩松缩孔缺陷;优化浇注方案能够控制金属液的流动、充型顺序及凝固特性,铸件的整个凝固过程基本呈中间对称分布,最后凝固区域位于补缩冒口内部,最大缩孔缩松率控制在2%以下。结论 优化浇注方案的设计合理且有效,能够有效地消除铝合金转向节铸件的缺陷。     

基于遗传算法的低压铸造铝合金车轮工艺优化

为解决低压铸造铝合金车轮质量控制难度大的问题,采用遗传算法对工艺参数进行优化.基于铸造数值模拟结果,利用BP人工神经网络建立了铸造工艺参数与质量控制目标缩松缺陷和凝固时间的非线性关系,采用遗传算法实现了铸造工艺参数的优化.以某型低压铸造A356铝合金车轮为例,对浇注温度、上模温度、下模温度、侧模温度、模芯温度5个参数进行优化,得到的最佳工艺组合,可有效控制缩松缺陷和凝固时间.利用数值模拟结果、建立神经网络模型,采用遗传算法优化的方法,获得近似最优解,有助于优化低压铸造工艺.     

铝(镁)合金消失模铸造近净成形技术研究进展

阐述了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造在金属液充型、振动凝固、压力凝固以及消失模壳型铸造等技术方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,铝(镁)合金在消失模铸造过程中,需重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能;通过采用振动凝固和压力凝固的手段,可以提高金属液充型能力、细化组织、提高组织致密性,明显提高铸件力学性能。真空低压消失模壳型铸造技术,可以解决普通消失模铸造易于出现的孔洞和夹杂等缺陷以及浇不足和浇注温度高等问题,是一种生产复杂薄壁高质量铝、镁合金精密铸件的新方法。     

基于数值模拟的大型复杂灰铁铸件工艺设计

为防止某大型复杂铸件产生缩孔缺陷并降低铸造成本,采用数值模拟方法对其铸造工艺参数进行定量化设计.应用Pro CAST软件对铸件进行凝固分析,通过提取凝固结果中的各参数(温度场、固相温度的密度、焓变化等)对模数进行求解,定量得到铸件的高模数分布区域,而后通过分析模数分布区域并结合均衡凝固理论设计了冒口、冷铁与浇注系统,运用Pro CAST软件对铸件的充型及凝固过程进行模拟.研究表明:该大型铸件应采用底注式浇注系统为宜,对铸件中部与底部模数达到2.5 cm的热节处采用冷铁和铬铁矿砂处理热节,对铸件顶部模数达到2.5 cm的部位采用飞边冒口进行补缩;提取凝固模拟结果中热节处的平均模数和金属液体积,即可对冒口尺寸进行定量化设计;通过观察模拟结果中浇口杯金属液水平高度的变化,可得出浇注系统进行液态补缩的时段.     

Numerical Modeling of Casting Processes

Recent progress on work related to numerical modeling of casting processes at the Industrial Materials Institute (IMI) is presented. Depending on the type of casting process involved, two different modeling approaches are used. The first, applied to simulate laminar or turbulent flow in the cavity of thin wall castings, is based on a 2D shell element model. This has the advantage of being computationally efficient from the CPU standpoint while, at the same time, provides a reasonably accurate solution to the problem. In the second approach, a 3D finite element method is used for parts that are thick (such as in low pressure or gravity casting), or where the problem is associated with both the part and mold (such as in heat transfer calculations). Whatever the technique chosen, in performing numerical modeling, the foundry hopes to use the results to optimize die and part design, as well as to reduce manufacturing costs. By being able to predict filing, solidification, stresses and shrinkage, a good idea of product quality and performance can often be obtained at the initial stage of the product development cycle.Examples of simulations conducted using an experimental die, an automotive housing and a wheel in an aluminum alloy are given.     

基于数值模拟缸体浇注系统的设计与优化

针对镁合金发动机缸体的结构特点设计了浇注系统,并用铸造分析软件对其充型和凝固过程进行了模拟。通过观察分析模拟结果,预测了充型时间、凝固时间以及铸件中可能存在的缩孔缩松缺陷的分布与尺寸,并设计了优化浇注系统。     

Numerical and Experimental Determination of the Feeding Distance of Aluminum Alloys in Gravity Die Casting Using an Optimized Riser Shape

A finite difference thermal model was utilized to analyze the solidification process and to predict the maximum feeding distance in gravity die casting of aluminum alloys with an optimal riser shape. Predictions are verified experimentally for both pure aluminum and A1-12% Si alloy. The experimental maximum feeding distance for castings made from A1-12% Si alloy in gravity diecastings was found to be 10 times the casting thickness, compared to 9.1 times the casting thickness from numerical predictions. For pure aluminum, the experimental maximum feeding distance was 7 times the casting thickness, compared to 6.2 times the casting thickness from numerical analysis.     

Gating System Design for a Magnesium Alloy Casting

The gating system of a cylindrical magnesium casting has been designed by using multiple objective optimiza- tion and Taguchi method.Mold filling and solidification processes were simulated by using MAGMASOFT（？）. The simulation results indicate that the gating system design has a significant effect on the quality of magne- sium castings.In an effort to obtain the optimal design of gating system,the signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio was used to analyze the effect of various gating designs on cavity filling and casting quality by using a weighting method based on the design of an orthogonal array.Four gating system parameters,namely,ingate height, ingate width,runner height,runner width,were optimized with a consideration of multiple objective criteria including filling velocity,shrinkage porosity and product yield.     

基于数值模拟的杆状钛合金铸件熔模铸造工艺研究

根据杆状钛合金铸件的结构特点,分别采用顺序凝固理论和均衡凝固理论设计浇注系统,并利用数值模拟方法对两种浇注系统进行了仿真,分析了杆状钛合金铸件的温度场、应力场情况,确定了利用均衡凝固理论的铸造方案适合生产该铸件,根据模拟结果,对铸造工艺方案进行优化模拟。采用优化后的铸造工艺方案生产铸件,获得了合格的符合客户需求的杆状钛合金铸件。      

支座半固态压铸模具设计研究

根据支座产品及半固态浆料充型凝固特点,选用压射比压70MPa,压射速度为1．5m／s,浇注温度590℃,模具预热温度为220℃,进行计算机数值模拟,确定半固态压铸模具的设计方案。设计并制造出支座半固态铸模具。通过支座半固态压铸实验,压铸充型凝固过程非常平稳,得到了合格的支座产品,证实了数值模拟结果及模具设计的正确性。     

Study on Numerical Simulation of Mold Filling and Solidification Processes under Pressure Conditions

The mold filling and solidification simulation for the high pressure die casting (HPDC) and low pressure die casting (LPDC) processes were studied.A mathematical model considering the turbulent flow and heat transfer phenomenon during the HPDC process has been established and paralled computation technique was used for the mold filling simulation of the process.The laminar flow characteristics of the LPDC process were studied and a simplified model for the mold filling process of wheel castings has been developed.For the solidification simulation under pressure conditions,the cyclic characteristics and the complicated boundary conditions were considered and techniques to improve the computational efficiency are discussed.A new criterion for predicting shrinkage porosity of Al alloy under low pressure condition has been developed in the solidification simulation process.     

铝合金连续铸轧凝固过程宏观-微观数学模型的建立及耦合

以等价比热客法处理结晶潜热和以假设的流线边界划分网格节点,建立了连续铸轧铝合金薄带凝固过程的宏观速度场、传热、溶质传输和凝固组织形成的微观数学模型以及连续铸轧铝合金薄带凝固过程的宏观-微观耦合数学模型.同时,以固相分数为媒介,采用宏微观不同的网格尺寸和时间步长,实现了宏观模型与微观模型的耦合.     

铝合金风扇叶片压铸模具设计

目的采用铝合金代替传统塑料风扇叶片,适应节能减排、绿色铸造发展的趋势。方法采用UG建模和Anycasting软件,对铝合金风扇叶片的压铸模具进行设计,包括分型面设计、型芯型腔结构设计、浇注系统设计、溢流槽设计、排气系统设计、推出机构设计、冷却系统设计等,并对其压铸成形过程进行了数值模拟。结果风扇扇叶部分最后凝固且容易产生缩松和气孔,将溢流槽向扇叶方向移动,收集扇叶和扇叶之间的气体和夹杂,加强对缺陷处的排气,缺陷基本消失。结论设计的压铸模具满足铝合金风扇叶片的生产要求,符合节能减排、绿色铸造发展的趋势。     

两种铸造模拟软件在钛合金铸件研制中的应用对比

目的 研究分析两种铸造模拟软件在钛合金铸件模拟方面的差异及准确性。方法 利用华铸CAE和ProCast软件对某钛合金铸件的温度场、流场和缩孔缺陷进行数值模拟。为了验证模拟结果的准确性,进行实际浇注验证实验,并通过X射线探伤,检测缩孔缺陷的位置。结果 华铸CAE网格剖分简单、计算时间快,但是模型边界拟合较差,ProCast软件网格划分复杂、计算时间较长,但是网格可以较好地反映模型形状,模型边界拟合较高。结论 两种软件对温度场的模拟差异不大,凝固顺序基本一致,两种模拟软件的缩孔预测结果和实际缩孔位置吻合性都较好,说明两种数值模拟软件可以很好地预测钛合金铸件内缩孔分布。     

Mechanism of Lubrication-Induced Surface Cracking in Hot Chamber Die Cast Thin-Walled AZ91D Parts

Thin-walled hot chamber die cast parts are often used to make telephone casings and similar products having primarily requirements on weight and aesthetically satisfying surfaces. The post casting surface treatment often generates a glossy appearance. The glossy appearance makes it extremely sensitive to small-scale flaws, such as blisters, cold shuts, and cracks. Hot chamber die casting of thin-walled parts requires high filling speed and the use of lubrication because the parts have high aspect ratios. In the manufacturing of such high aspect ratio parts with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm, a new type of cold crack induced by the lubrication is observed. To some extent this defect is similar to a blister, but the characteristic bump is not formed and the actual crack is formed by thermal contraction along the high aspect ratio areas.