商标检索中形状特征描述的研究

针对图像检索中的“语义鸿沟”问题,以商标图像为研究对象.分析了拉丁字母的物象、抽象和意象等含义,构建了一套“字母描述子”语言.同时还分析了商标的起源、构成和特征,并提出了用“字母描述子”对商标图像进行特征描述和编码的方法.经系列的检索结果和统计数据说明,用“字母描述子”对商标特征进行描述、编码和检索的方法具有一定的实用...     

基于SIFT和角点特征的商标检索算法

针对基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的商标图像检索对于高度相似的反转商标图像容易出现漏检现象,提出了一种基于SIFT和角点特征的商标图像检索方法,该方法利用商标图像的局部角点特征弥补了SIFT特征的不足。实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该方法保留了SIFT特征对遮挡、扭曲、噪声等干扰具有很强的抵抗力的优点外,同时增强了算法对图像形状的描述能力,表现出了更好的检索能力和性能。     

基于子图像多特征组合的商标图像检索

本文提出了基于子图像特征组合的商标图像检索算法.首先对商标图像进行子图像抽取,然后根据子图像单特征计算图像与目标图像的单特征距离,最后基于多特征组合得到图像相似性度量.用Hu不变矩对基于子图像多特征组合的商标图像检索算法进行实验,用PVR指数作为图像检索性能评价准则.实验表明,相对基于全局图像单特征的检索算法,基于子图像多特征组合的商标图像检索算法具有更出色的检索性能,其检索结果更符合人眼的视觉感受.     

基于形状和空间结构的商标图像检索方法

本文提出一种基于单元子图像形状和空间结构的多级商标图像检索算法,根据单元子图像特征相似性对商标图像进行粗检索,然后对结果图像的空间结构用位置字符串匹配的方法进行分析。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法是有效的。     

基于多特征抽取的商标图像检索

提出了一种多特征抽取方法进行商标图像检索。首先根据图像的连通性把图像分割成多个独立的单元子图像,然后对各个单元子图像提取特征;同时提出多对多特征匹配方法对商标图像进行检索。实验结果表明,应用该方法得到的检索结果是有效的,能够很好地满足人的视觉感受。     

利用特征点平均矩特征的商标图像检索

提出了一种新的基于多特征点平均矩特征的商标图像检索方法。首先根据图像的参照圆与形状主方向将图像划分为若干个同心圆,并在每个同心圆内确定一些特征点,这些特征点在图像中的相对位置不受旋转、尺度、平移等因素的影响。然后提出了基于多特征点平均矩特征的概念,该特征不仅具有良好的鲁棒性,而且对于噪声以及图像边缘的细微变化并不敏感,非常适合用来描述商标这种特定的图像。实验结果证明,利用该算法检索的结果兼顾了商标图像在局部和整体上的一致性,能够较好地满足人的视觉感受。     

利用特征点平均矩特征检索二值商标图像

提出一种新的利用多特征点特征匹配的商标检索方法.该方法首先对图像进行分块处理,将图像划分在若干个同心圆内,划分半径以图像参照圆为依据,然后根据图像的形状主方向在每一个子图像上确定一些特征点.由于图像参照圆的位置以及形状主方向具有旋转、尺度、平移不变性,因此特征点的位置在图像中的相对位置是稳定的,具有很好的不变性.对于特征点的特征,提出了基于特征点的平均矩特征,该特征不仅具有良好的鲁棒性,而且对于噪声以及图像边缘的细微变化并不敏感,非常适合用来描述商标这种特定的图像.实验证明,基于特征点的平均矩特征具有很好的不变性,而对图像的分块描述能更好的体现图像内容,因此利用该算法检索的结果能够较好的满足人的视觉感受.     

基于二叉树量化子图像颜色直方图的图像检索

为了解决现有颜色直方图检索技术所存在的鲁棒性较差、特征维数过高等问题,本文提出一种基于图像像素二叉树各层子图像颜色直方图的图像检索方法。该方法首先结合噪声攻击特点,提取出重要的图像像素二叉树各层量化子图像颜色直方图并确定其视觉权值;然后构造出重要图像像素二叉树子图像颜色直方图;最后以重要图像像素二叉树子图像颜色直方图为特征,计算图像间内容的相似度并进行检索。仿真实验表明,该方法不仅能够准确检索出用户所需图像,而且对光照、锐化、模糊等噪声攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

融合傅里叶描述子和尺度不变特征转换特征的商标检索

针对传统商标检索算法中全局特征容易造成误检,而局部特征SIFT对轮廓描述能力不强及算法复杂度高的问题,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反应了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。首先提取图像的傅里叶描述子进行初步检索,并按相似度排序,然后在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征较高的查全率和查准率,优于傅里叶描述子单一特征,而且检索速度比SIFT单一特征显著提高,能很好地应用于商标图像检索系统中。     

一种改进的基于SIFT特征的商标检索方法

利用商标图像的形状特征,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反映了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。提取图像的傅里叶描述子进行初步检索,按相似度排序,在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征的良好描述能力,又减少了精确匹配需要的计算次数,降低了复杂度。     

Content-based retrieval from trademark databases

Since the number of registered trademarks is increasing rapidly, the job of identifying infringement of similar trademarks by human inspection becomes laborious and time-consuming. To deal with the problem, we propose an automatic content-based trademark retrieval method. The proposed method automatically selects appropriate features based on feature selection principles to discriminate trademarks. The database trademarks are softly clustered into classes using a fuzzy approach to increase the retrieval speed. The user can submit a query through trademark examples to get a list of database trademarks ordered by similarity ranks. The query results can be iteratively refined by the feedback presented by the user until the trademarks of interest are retrieved. Experiments are conducted on a trademark database containing 1000 images and the retrieval results are very encouraging.     

基于图像信息熵的商标图像检索

提出了一种基于图像信息熵的商标图像检索系统,该系统使用图像的单元熵作为特征来描述图像形状,用欧氏距离来度量熵矢量间的相似性。用１３１０幅图像构成的数据库进行实验,结果表明,该系统输出的相似图像与人的视觉感应吻合性较好,并且具有了的比例不变性较好,并且具有很好的比例不变性,抗噪声性和抗和浓谈性。     

Multi-faceted assessment of trademark similarity

Trademarks are intellectual property assets with potentially high reputational value. Their infringement may lead to lost revenue, lower profits and damages to brand reputation. A test normally conducted to check whether a trademark is highly likely to infringe other existing, already registered, trademarks is called a likelihood of confusion test. One of the most influential factors in this test is establishing similarity in appearance, meaning or sound. However, even though the trademark registration process suggests a multi-faceted similarity assessment, relevant research in expert systems mainly focuses on computing individual aspects of similarity between trademarks. Therefore, this paper contributes to the knowledge in this field by proposing a method, which, similar to the way people perceive trademarks, blends together the three fundamental aspects of trademark similarity and produces an aggregated score based on the individual visual, semantic and phonetic assessments. In particular, semantic similarity is a new aspect, which has not been considered by other researchers in approaches aimed at providing decision support in trademark similarity assessment. Another specific scientific contribution of this paper is the innovative integration, using a fuzzy engine, of three independent assessments, which collectively provide a more balanced and human-centered view on potential infringement problems. In addition, the paper introduces the concept of degree of similarity since the line between similar and dissimilar trademarks is not always easy to define especially when dealing with blending three very different assessments. The work described in the paper is evaluated using a database comprising 1400 trademarks compiled from a collection of real legal cases of trademark disputes. The evaluation involved two experiments. The first experiment employed information retrieval measures to test the classification accuracy of the proposed method while the second used human collective opinion to examine correlations between the trademark scoring/rating and the ranking of the proposed method, and human judgment. In the first experiment, the proposed method improved the F-score, precision and accuracy of classification by 12.5%, 35% and 8.3%, respectively, against the best score computed using individual similarity. In the second experiment, the proposed method produced a perfect positive Spearman rank correlation score of 1.00 in the ranking task and a pairwise Pearson correlation score of 0.92 in the rating task. The test of significance conducted on both scores rejected the null hypotheses of the experiment and showed that both scores correlated well with collective human judgment. The combined overall assessment could add value to existing support systems and be beneficial for both trademark examiners and trademark applicants. The method could be further used in addressing recent cyberspace phenomena related to trademark infringement such as customer hijacking and cybersquatting.     

Trademark image retrieval using synthetic features for describing global shape and interior structure

A trademark image retrieval (TIR) system is proposed in this work to deal with the vast number of trademark images in the trademark registration system. The proposed approach commences with the extraction of edges using the Canny edge detector, performs a shape normalisation procedure, and then extracts the global and local features. The global features capture the gross essence of the shapes while the local features describe the interior details of the trademarks. A two-component feature matching strategy is used to measure the similarity between the query and database images. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against four other algorithms.     

形状和颜色混合不变量在图像检索中的应用

多视觉特征的图像检索是当前基于内容的图像检索领域的重要方向.已有的多特征的检索主要通过线性加权的方法对特征进行组合,但这种组合方式仅实现了代数意义上的合并,未能真正利用和发掘特征间存在的相互关系,并且权重值不容易确定,检索结果易受权重值的影响.针对这一问题,提出一种形状-颜色混合不变特征的构造方法,特征提取的过程包含同时对形状、颜色信息的抽取,直接构造出能够同时对形状仿射变换和颜色对角-偏移变换具有不变性的特征,也称作形状-颜色矩不变量.首先分别在图像的2维几何空间、3维颜色空间定义形状核、颜色核,然后对形状核、颜色核的乘积进行多重积分,最后做规范化,就得到一个不变量.理论上,通过选择不同的形状核、颜色核可以推导出无穷多的不变量.实验结果表明,该方法优于加权组合特征的方法;与加权特征、局部特征相比,形状-颜色矩不变量对于同一物体不同成像条件下的近复制图像、整体属性相似的图像、大体类似的物体图像等表现出较高的检索性能及效率.     

Content-based retrieval of logo and trademarks in unconstrained color image databases using Color Edge Gradient Co-occurrence Histograms

In this paper, we present an algorithm that extends the Color Edge Co-occurrence Histogram (CECH) object detection scheme on compound color objects, for the retrieval of logos and trademarks in unconstrained color image databases. We introduce more accurate information to the CECH, by virtue of incorporating color edge detection using vector order statistics. This produces a more accurate representation of edges in color images, as compared to the simple color pixel difference classification of edges seen with the CECH. Our proposed method is thus reliant on edge gradient information, and so we call it the Color Edge Gradient Co-occurrence Histogram (CEGCH). We also introduce a color quantization method based in the hue–saturation–value (HSV) color space, illustrating that it is a more suitable scheme of quantization for image retrieval, compared to the color quantization scheme introduced with the CECH. Experimental results demonstrate that the CEGCH and the HSV color quantization scheme is insensitive to scaling, rotation, and partial deformations, and outperforms the use of the CECH in image retrieval, with higher precision and recall. We also perform experiments on a closely related algorithm based on the Color Co-occurrence Histogram (CCH) and demonstrate that our algorithm is also superior in comparison, with higher precision and recall.     

深度多模态融合服装风格检索

目的 服装检索方法是计算机视觉与自然语言处理领域的研究热点,其包含基于内容与基于文本的两种查询模态。然而传统检索方法通常存在检索效率低的问题,且很少研究关注服装在风格上的相似性。为解决这些问题,本文提出深度多模态融合的服装风格检索方法。方法 提出分层深度哈希检索模型,基于预训练的残差网络ResNet（residual network）进行迁移学习,并把分类层改造成哈希编码层,利用哈希特征进行粗检索,再用图像深层特征进行细检索。设计文本分类语义检索模型,基于LSTM（long short-term memory）设计文本分类网络以提前分类缩小检索范围,再以基于doc2vec提取的文本嵌入语义特征进行检索。同时提出相似风格上下文检索模型,其参考单词相似性来衡量服装风格相似性。最后采用概率驱动的方法量化风格相似性,并以最大化该相似性的结果融合方法作为本文检索方法的最终反馈。结果 在Polyvore数据集上,与原始ResNet模型相比,分层深度哈希检索模型的top5平均检索精度提高11.6%,检索速度提高2.57 s/次。与传统文本分类嵌入模型相比,本文分类语义检索模型的top5查准率提高29.96%,检索速度提高16.53 s/次。结论 提出的深度多模态融合的服装风格检索方法获得检索精度与检索速度的提升,同时进行了相似风格服装的检索使结果更具有多样性。     

基于哈希编码和卷积神经网络的图像检索方法

针对图像检索,提出一种基于哈希编码和卷积神经网络的方法。主要是在卷积神经网络（CNN）中加入哈希层,采用由粗到精的分级检索策略,根据学习到的哈希码进行粗检索得到与查询图像相同或相似的[m]幅图像构成图像池,计算池内图像与查询图像高层语义特征之间的欧氏距离进行精检索,达到最终的检索目的。提出方法将哈希层的损失作为优化目标之一,结合图像的两种特征进行检索,弥补了现有方法中直接利用CNN深层特征检索耗时、占用内存的不足。在印花织物和CIFAR-10数据集上的实验结果表明,提出方法检索性能优于其他现有方法。