“一带一路”沿线国家铀资源合作开发展望

按照世界核协会预测,2025年之后,全球对天然铀需求将保持较快增长,但天然铀产量却无法保持同步增长,从而导致缺口出现。按照我国核电建设规划来看,2030年将达到1.5亿~2.0亿kW,每年大约需要2.2万t天然铀。如何在做好国内铀矿勘查,提高天然铀产能的同时,加快海外国家尤其是"一带一路"沿线国家的铀资源开发力度,实现"两个市场,两种资源"并举,对保证我国核电发展和实现核工业"走出去"战略都具有重要意义。在对"一带一路"国家铀资源分布状况和开发条件研究基础上,提出了开展海外铀资源开发工作建议。     

哈萨克斯坦可填补世界铀短缺

【本刊2005年6月综合报道】根据国际原子能机构(IAEA)预测,随着需求的增长,到2010年世界天然铀市场将出现供不应求的形势,到2015年供需缺口将增至1.6万t,而哈萨克斯坦铀产量的上升可部分填补这个巨大的缺口。哈萨克斯坦的铀资源及其生产哈萨克斯坦的铀资源总量超过了150万t,已知可开采储量为62.2万t,占世界总储量的18%,居世界第二位。该国2004年铀产量达3719t,比2003年增加了10%,排在加拿大、澳大利亚之后,位居世界第三,2005年计划开采4000t。产量的迅速提高主要得益于地浸开采法的采用。哈萨克斯坦的铀政策重点是大幅增加地浸铀矿开采,向…     

世界铀资源概况

随着核电技术的逐步成熟和完善,核电作为一种清洁、高效、绿色的能源已为人们所接受。新一轮核电建设热潮已经掀起,未来25 a内,全球将新建100～300座核电站。随之而来,对核电站燃料天然铀已引起足够的重视。世界各大铀矿业公司加紧了对铀资源的勘探和开发力度。铀资源已经成为世界核领域的焦点之一。简要介绍了世界铀资源、铀勘查、铀生产、铀需求、铀价格,以及分析了近年铀价走势原因。     

压水堆回收铀在重水堆应用示范验证试验

回收铀（RU）是一种重要的核能资源,随着核电发展和铀资源价格的上涨将更加受到重视,迄今为止国际上尚未很好地解决其有效利用问题。鉴于我国既有压水堆又有重水堆的现状,本文提出利用重水堆烧RU的设想,开发了一种与天然铀燃料中子学等效的由RU和贫铀（DU）混合而得的等效天然铀（NUE）燃料,并在秦山运行重水堆上开展随堆示范验证试验,以积累RU利用相关运行经验,为后续全堆应用提供了关键的技术支持。     

2014年世界天然铀生产概况

<正>【本刊2015年7月综合报道】2014年,全球天然铀总产量为5.6217万tU(6.6297万tU 3O8),比2013年(5.937万tU)低5.3%,逆转了此前多年一直保持的上升趋势;天然铀产量的地域分布极不均匀,三大产铀国即哈萨克斯坦、加拿大和澳大利亚的产量之和约占世界总产量的66%;地浸法在天然铀开采中的份额为51%;2014年铀产量可满足全球核电工业85%的年度需求。     

关于我国核电发展战略若干问题的认识

当前,我国已加快发展核电。根据我国核电中长期发展规划,到2020年,我国核电装机容量将达到4000万千瓦,占全部装机容量的4%。核电的规模发展受诸多方面的因素影响,如核电技术路线的选择确定,铀资源保障能力等。本文在对核电技术路线的选择确定,天然铀资源的保障能力,放射性废物的处理和处置等问题进行探讨和分析的基础上,对如何促进我国核电快速发展,提出了一些具体措施和建议。     

比利时政府认为需要核电

比利时政府宣布,尽管有计划在2015年到2020年间随着反应堆运营寿期的终结将逐步取消核电,但考虑到石油、天然气价格的上涨以及核能不排放温室气体的优势,比利时政府仍不放弃选择核电。2001年,比利时核电占总发电量的58%。 比利时政府认为需要核电     

哈萨克斯坦将从铀供应商变身为核电用户

<正>【英国《国际核工程》网站2010年1月8日报道】拥有丰富天然铀资源(约占全球总储量的21%)的哈萨克斯坦目前正积极筹建自己的核电工业。核电工业将成为哈萨克斯坦政府最重要的经济发展领域之一,这已体现在其2003—2015年的工业创新开发国家战略中。     

世界铀资源、生产及需求概况

天然铀是重要的战略资源,也是核能发电最重要的原料。天然铀的稳定可靠供给对于保障核能发展具有重要意义。根据最新版红皮书和其他相关资料,综合概述了世界铀资源、生产和需求的最新情况,包括资源量、勘查及生产活动情况、生产成本、供给和需求综合评价。     

俄联邦委员会出台支持铀矿开采的政策

<正>【世界核新闻网站2015年5月22日报道】俄罗斯国有铀资源公司(ARMZ)2015年5月21日表示,俄联邦委员会批准了旨在促进俄铀矿开采的相关措施。铀资源公司是俄罗斯国家原子能集团公司(Rosatom)下属负责铀矿开采业务子公司。2015年4月23日,联邦委员会召开会议,讨论有关完善天然铀开采和加工立法途径的问题。5月19日,这一议案获得通过。铀资源公司表示:"铀生产对于俄能源发展和国家安全的战略重要性以及现有矿     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.