基于人眼视觉特性的IRFPA非均匀性校正算法研究

红外焦平面器件普遍存在着非均匀性问题,对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)实施非均匀性校正对提高成像质量具有重要意义。传统的IRFPA多点校正算法存在运算量大、实时性能低、实用效果差等问题,为此文章综合人眼视觉特性,提出IRFPA非均匀性多点校正算法。人眼视觉对图像的灰度分辨能力是有阈值限制的,利用这种分辨阈值可以对IRFPA的标定点进行有效压缩,生成像元号-校正系数表,然后通过查找系数表,实现IRFPA的非均匀性实时压缩校正。实验证明,提出的IRFPA非均匀性校正算法较传统的IRFPA非均匀性校正算法实时性能更好,非均匀性降低了0.203%。     

利用DSP实现IRFPA非均匀性校正及其关键技术研究

针对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)非均匀性校正过程中运算量大,难于实时实现的特点,提出利用DSP实现红外焦平面阵列非均匀性实时校正方法.在介绍多点校正原理的基础上,详细阐述了DSP硬件实现多点校正的过程及其关键技术,并给出了实验结果.实验表明该硬件校正方法简单灵活,图像效果理想,能够有效地解决红外焦平面阵列非均匀性实时校正难题.     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高.目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响.本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)上的实时实现技术.其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性,基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响,从而使这两类算法取长补短,可有效克服各自的缺陷.文中详细描述了基于FP-GA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程.实验表明,这种联合校正算法效果良好,可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求.     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高。目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响。本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array）上的实时实现技术。其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性，基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响，从而使这两类算法取长补短，可有效克服各自的缺陷。文中详细描述了基于FPGA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程。实验表明，这种联合校正算法效果良好，可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求。     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

摘要：红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高。目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响。本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)上的实时实现技术。其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性，基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响，从而使这两类算法取长补短，可有效克服各自的缺陷。文中详细描述了基于FPGA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程。实验表明，这种联合校正算法效果良好，可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求。     

基于现场可编程门阵列的高性能红外热成像系统

探讨了红外成像系统实时信号处理算法、硬件结构等关键技术.提出了一种新的自适应两点非均匀性校正(ATPC)算法,该算法以快门为目标场景来实时更新校正参数,能有效克服红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)响应随时间漂移导致的两点非均匀性校正算法失效问题.采用查找表结构来实现平台直方图均衡(PE)算法,并对PE算法进行了优化,降低了运算量和存储空间需求.硬件系统采用两片同步动态随机存储器(SDRAM)的乒乓缓存结构,在单片现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上实现了IRFPA的ATPC和PE算法的并行操作.实验结果表明,对320×240的IRFPA,在50 MHz系统时钟下,帧频为60 Hz时系统工作良好,处理后的红外图像质量有了明显改善,系统结构简单便于小型化,能够满足实时动态检测及追踪需求.     

基于神经网络的红外焦平面非均匀性自适应校正算法

由于材料、工艺等原因,红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)各单元普遍存在响应不一致的现象,从而导致IRFPA都存在非均匀性.非均匀性校正(NUC)是红外图像处理系统中的重要环节.本文在研究了传统的基于神经网络的NUC算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的基于神经网络的非均匀性自适应校正算法,并对比了传统的基于神经网络的算法和本文算法的校正效果和收敛速度,实验表明本文提出的算法校正效果好,收敛速度快.     

多点标定的自适应非均匀性校正方法

为了实现对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)获取图像的实时高精度非均匀校正,提出了一种基于多点标定的自适应非均匀性校正算法,该算法假定在环境温度变化时,校正后输出图像数据的差值与已标定的数据存在线性关系,对其进行分块并配对,采用最小二乘法,以平方和最小为准则,自适应修正校正系数,以达到实时调整非均匀校正的校正系数,对环境温度变化引起的非均匀性进行补偿的目的.实验结果表明,该方法既提高了非均匀性校正的精度又能满足实时性要求,可广泛应用于光电火控、红外成像制导等对实时性和成像质量均有较高要求的应用场合.     

红外焦平面阵列多点校正方法的改进

为了提高红外焦平面阵列多点实时非均匀性校正的速度,提出多点压缩校正的新方法.介绍了多点压缩校正方法的原理,在此基础上详细阐述了多点压缩的硬件实现过程,并通过与传统多点校正方法的比较,说明了多点压缩校正方法的有效性.实验结果表明多点压缩校正具有计算量小、实时校正速度高、校正后图像的残余非均匀性小等优点.     

基于漂移补偿的IRFPA非均匀性校正改进算法研究

由于红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）探测单元的响应特性随环境变化而缓慢漂移,严重影响IRFPA定标类算法的校正精度,为此提出基于漂移补偿的IRFPA非均匀性校正改进算法。该算法利用探测单元响应特性漂移规律对定标类校正系数进行补偿,以适应环境温度的变化,进而有效校正IRFPA的非均匀性。实验结果表明：该算法校正后的IRFPA非均匀性从0．18591降到0．046725,有效提高了红外系统的成像质量和环境适应性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.