肥料配施对苜蓿干物质产量的影响

[目的]研究不同元素合理配施对苜蓿产量的影响.[方法]试验采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了硫酸钾、氯化铵、过磷酸钙和氧化镁对苜蓿干物质产量的影响.[结果]试验肥料对苜蓿干物质产量的影响顺序为硫酸钾>氯化铵>氧化镁>过磷酸钙.其中,硫酸钾对苜蓿干物质产量有显著影响,硫酸钾和氧化镁互作时产量影响显著.[结论]获得苜蓿干物质产量为19 224.6 kg/hm<'2>以上的优化方案为硫酸钾163.235～181.679 kg/hm<'2>;氯化铵155.877～174.258 kg,/hm<'2>;过磷酸钙566.177～632.924 kg/hm<'2>;氧化镁30.060-33.628 kg/hm<'2>.     

相同肥料用量紫云英与化肥配施对水稻生长及产量的影响

[目的]探讨在安徽省沿江及皖南稻区的双季水稻种植模式下,相同肥料用量紫云英与化肥配施对水稻生长发育及产量的影响.[方法]进行早稻施肥效应试验,分析水稻生长发育各期间生理指标、经济性状与不同施肥处理的关系.[结果]化肥-紫云英配施的水稻分蘖质量较高、有效穗较多;虽使水稻分蘖期和成熟期推迟,但对农业生产无显著影响;紫云英的肥效相对化肥较慢,第1季对产量的促进并不明显,但在第2季的增产明显.综合各个处理生长发育状况、经济性状和产量,60%化肥+40%紫云英配施是比较合适的化肥-紫云英配施比例.[结论]紫云英在一定程度上可以取代化肥,提供水稻生长发育需要的氮素,并且在比例、用量合理的情况下,第1季总体产量不受显著影响.作为绿肥,紫云英对后续作物及土壤的改善效应有待进一步研究.     

2020年重点钢铁企业粗钢产量变化对钢材品种产量影响分析

25年来我国粗钢产量发生了很大变化,1996年粗钢产量突破1亿吨,成为世界第一产钢大国,虽然当时钢铁行业主管部门采取了限产的政策,但我国粗钢产量仍然保持逐年增长,到2019年达到9.96亿吨,2020年更是创造历史纪录,达到10.65亿吨。     

不同肥料处理对云南红豆杉树苗生长量的影响

[目的]研究16种基肥和1个对照处理对云南红豆杉生长量的影响.[方法]采用两段式育法培育云南红豆杉苗木,采用单因素随机区组设计研究不同处理对其生长量的影响.[结果]各处理云南红豆杉的平均树高为125.1 cm,变幅为109.1～152.9 cm;平均地径为2.63 cm,变幅为2.29～3.02 cm.17种处理云南红豆杉树苗的地上部分干重的均值为225.4 g,变幅为122.0～389.0 g;地下部分干重的均值为108.4 g.变幅为84.1～128.0 g;全株干重的均值为333.8 g,变幅为206.1～517.0 g.(4.8 kg牛粪+3.0 kg锯末)/株处理的树高、地径、地上部分干重、地下部分干重、全株干重分别比对照高40%、32%、219%、52%和151%.[结论](4.8 kg牛粪+3.0 kg锯末)/株处理的红豆杉树苗生长期间的综合表现最好.     

3个木薯品种的光合特性研究

[目的]研究3个木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)品种的光合特性,为木薯的栽培提供参考.[方法]利用美国PP-SYSTEM公司生产的TPS-2便携式光合作用测定系统,在大田条件下对3个木薯品种的株光合特性进行测定.[结果]3个木薯品种的净光合速率株变化呈先增后降的趋势,SC205在株变化中下降明显,GR891,GR911下降缓慢,GR911净光合速率最高,SC205最低;GR891,GR911的胞间CO2浓度稳定在310μl/L左右,SC205净光合速率强时胞间CO2浓度较低,随后升高.较GR891,GR911而言,SC205具有较高的水分利用效率,更能节约并有效地利用土壤水分.[结论]SC205净光合速率有提高的潜力.     

不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性的比较

[目的]探讨不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性,为大豆高产新品种选育和高产栽培提供参考.[方法]选择3个产量水平的9个栽培大豆品种,在相同环境条件下种植,于V4期(苗期)、R2期(盛花期)、R4期(结荚盛期)、R6期(鼓粒盛期)和R7期(成熟期)用Li-6400型光合作用测定系统,测定不同生育时期大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率.[结果]在全生育期内,高产品种大豆叶片净光合速率和气孔导度均显著高于低产品种.在V4期、R2期和R4期,高产品种叶片蒸腾速率显著高于低产大豆品种;在R6期和R7期不同产量水平大豆品种蒸腾速率差异不显著.V4期和R2期水分利用效率表现为低产品种﹥中产品种﹥高产品种,而在R4期、R6期和R7期则表现为高产品种﹥中产品种﹥低产品种.[结论] 高产大豆品种叶片的气体交换能力显著高于低产大豆品种,为其获得高产奠定了生理基础.净光合速率可作为选择高产大豆品种的一个有效指标.     

收获期对花生植株产量及蛋白质含量的影响

收获期直接影响花生植株产量和蛋白质含量及果实产量,为此对花生植株产量和粗蛋白含量及地下果实产量动态进行了分析,为在不影响花生果实产量的前提下收获高质、高产的花生植株提供了理论依据.结果表明:花生茎、叶和植株产量、粗蛋白含量、干物质消化率随收获期延长显著下降,粗蛋白含量和干物质消化率在生长134 d时最小;花生每株果和籽仁数、籽仁重及百仁重随收获期延长显著增加,每株果和籽仁数及籽仁重在花生生长119～134 d最大.由产量指标及植株蛋白质含量确定的花生最佳收获时间为:2007年生长124～129 d,2008年生长116～133 d,即果实产量达到最大时及早收获以获得高质、高产的植株.     

低温冻害对油菜产量的影响

分析了低温冻害对荆州油菜产量的影响,为今后的防冻救灾工作提出建议.     

小麦品种(系)籽粒产量与其他若干性状关系初探

[目的]寻求小麦高产和超高产育种的关键指标.[方法]以安徽省种植的10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,研究不同品种(系)的产量与产量构成因素(有效穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、穗粒重、单位面积粒数、穗长、结实小穗数、不实小穗数)、生物学产量、株高、收获指数等性状之间的相关性.[结果]产量与其他若干性状在相关方向和程度上均有差异,且其他性状之间相关性及差异显著性均有不同;大多数品种(系)的产量与产量构成因素中的生物学产量及穗粒重显著相关,同时某些品种(系)的产量与其他性状之间显著相关.[结论]以产量作为小麦高产及超高产育种的选择指标之一是有效的.     

稀土微肥对辣椒植株生理指标及产量的影响

施用适量稀土微肥可以提高辣椒叶片叶绿素ａ、ｂ的含量以及硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）和过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｔａｌａｓｅ）的活性；从而使得植株的光合作用和对ＮＯ－３的还原作用两个方面相辅相成。喷施适量稀土能显著增加辣椒的单株果数，辣椒产量与稀土喷施浓度呈抛物线相关，理论上当稀土浓度为４０３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１时，辣椒有最高产量２７．０５３ｔ·ｈａ－１。     

不同控释氮肥对玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响

[目的]为控释氮肥在玉米上的广泛应用提供理论依据.[方法]通过田间小区试验,比较了不同控释氮肥对玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响.[结果]3种控释氮肥中树脂包膜氮肥增产和提高玉米氮肥利用率的效果均最好.相比普通氮肥,不同控释氮肥显著提高了玉米氮肥利用率,增幅达4.99～14.54个百分点.[结论]控释氮肥可以提高玉米氮肥利用率,树脂包膜氮肥在玉米上的应用效果最佳.     

壳聚糖对长豆角品质和产量的影响

[目的]为生产长豆角无公害寻找有效的生长调节剂.[方法]在长豆角现蕾前,采用1.2和1.6 mg/ml壳聚糖溶液喷洒长豆角植株,研究其豆荚品质和产量的变化.[结果]壳聚糖有效减少了长豆角虫害的发生,提高了长豆角豆荚可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量,降低粗纤维含量,并增加了单果重量、单株结荚数和单位面积产量.[结论]壳聚糖作为一种植物生长调节荆,显著增加作物产量和改善作物营养品质.     

Effects of Different Levels of Irrigation Water Salinity and Leaching on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat in an Arid Region

Soil salinity is a major environmental factor limiting the productivity of agricultural lands. To determine the effects of irrigation water salinity and leaching on soil salinity and consequently wheat yield, a field experiment was conducted on a silty clay soil, a typical soil of Rudasht region, Isfahan province, Iran, with three irrigation water salinity levels of 2, 8, and 12?dS/m with/without leaching levels of 4, 19, and 32% with two different irrigation water managements, using factorial design with four replications for each treatment. The results showed that as the irrigation water salinity and consequently soil salinity increases, the yield components such as grain yield, straw yield, 1,000-grain weight, crop height, spike length, and leaf area index decreases significantly. Leaching caused the yield components to increase significantly. An increase in seed protein percentage was noted as the salinity of irrigation water increased. The interaction effects of irrigation management and leaching on yield and yield components was significant. The results of best fit line to relative yield data versus soil ECe showed that the parameters of the above linear relation are site specific, and there is no significant difference between the parameters obtained in this study as compared to the other researchers’ results and the study validates the established relationships between wheat yield and salinity obtained by other researchers. The recycled drainage water could be used in combination with less saline river water as an alternative and less expensive irrigation water to grow salt-tolerant crops such as wheat, to produce profitable yield and to improve the agricultural economy of arid land regions.     

Selection of Superior Tillage and Fertilizer Practices Based on Rainfall and Soil Moisture Effects on Pearl Millet Yield under Semiarid Inceptisols

Based on seven field experiments of pearl millet with nine treatment combinations of tillage and fertilizer nutrients conducted during 2000–2006 in a semiarid inceptisol at Agra, an assessment is made in this paper about sustainability of treatments using rainfall received during the crop growing period and available soil moisture at sowing, 20, 40, and 60?days after sowing (DAS) and harvest. Three practices, each of tillage: conventional tillage+mechanical weed control, low tillage+mechanical weed control, and low tillage+mechanical weed control+herbicide; and fertilizer application of 60?kg?N [farm?yard?manure?(FYM)]+40?kg?P/ha, 30?kg?N (FYM)+30?kg?N (urea)+40?kg?P/ha and 60?kg?N (urea)+40?kg?P/ha were tested in the same site over seven years. The F-test indicated significant soil moisture differences on different DAS and also between different tillage treatments. Significant yield differences were found among treatments of tillage and fertilizer and their interaction in all seasons, except 2001 and 2002. Treatment-wise correlation of yield with monthly rainfall received in June–September and available soil moisture on different DAS indicated that September rainfall had a negative and significant correlation with yield attained by tillage and fertilizer treatments. The soil moisture at 20 DAS had a negative and significant correlation with yield under all treatments except conventional tillage+mechanical weed control. The soil moisture at 60 DAS and harvest had a positive and significant correlation with yield attained under different tillage and fertilizer treatments. Regression models of yield were calibrated for tillage and fertilizer treatments through monthly rainfall during July–September and soil moisture on different DAS. The predictability of yield improved significantly by inclusion of both rainfall and soil moisture variables in the models compared to either of the two groups of variables. Ranks were assigned to tillage and fertilizer treatments for yield attained in individual years and mean yield, prediction error, and sustainable yield index over years. The study indicated that conventional tillage+mechanical weed control among tillage together with 30?kg?N (FYM)+30?kg?N (urea)+40?kg?P/ha was superior with a minimum rank sum compared to other treatments. The treatment gave a maximum sustainable yield of 1,683?kg/ha with a net return of Rs 5,670?ha, benefit–cost ratio of 1.16, and sustainable yield index of 47.2% under semiarid inceptisols of Agra.     

稀土多元复合肥对甜菜增产增糖效应研究

利用稀土多元复合肥对甜菜进行施肥，不仅大幅度提高了产量，而且提高了甜菜含糖量，其经济效益十分可观。不论采取叶面施肥还是拌种均能获得稳定的增产增糖效果。     

Gibberellin A3 causes a decrease in the accumulation of mRNA for ACC oxidase and in the activity of the enzyme in azuki bean (Vigna angularis) epicotyls

Differential screening, aimed at the isolation of cDNA clones of mRNAs whose accumulation is influenced by GA3, resulted in the isolation of a cDNA clone of an mRNA whose level was decreased by GA3 in segments of epicotyls of Vigna angularis. The putative protein encoded by this cDNA resembled the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidases (ACC oxidases) identified in other plant species (about 80% homology at the amino acid level). Thus, the corresponding gene was designated AB-ACO1 (azuki bean ACC oxidase). GA3 also decreased the activity of ACC oxidase in azuki bean epicotyls, but it did not decrease the rate of ethylene evolution. In fact, GA3 increased the rate of ethylene evolution and the level of ACC. Thus, GA3 seemed to increase the production of ethylene by promoting the synthesis of ACC.     

天钢水资源的综合利用探讨

天津钢铁集团为减少生产水用量,针对运行的软水、净循环水、浊循环水系统等各循环水冷却系统,改造陈旧工艺,优化完善各项措施,使新水的补充量逐渐减少。通过对工业废水的综合利用,节能减排效果明显,彻底实现了"零"排放。阐述了中水替代新水项目工艺流程,对其发展趋势进行了展望,该项目具有较好的经济效益和推广价值,有利于天钢的可持续性发展。     

循环冷却水的处理与利用

为实现工业企业的节约用水，采用反渗透技术处理循环冷却水系统的排污水，使之用作脱盐水的补充。