杂交马褂木人工林生长规律及趋势研究

[目的]研究杂交马褂木人工林在冲击沙壤土地区的生长规律和趋势.[方法]在标准地调查基础上,采用标准木解析法研究杂交马褂木人工林胸径、树高和材积生长规律,采用Logistic方程模拟生长并推测生长趋势.[结果]杂交马褂木生长迅速,6年生林分平均胸径、树高和材积分别为22.9 cm、20.6 m和0.206 6 m<'3>;杂交马褂木生长具有阶段性,速生期为造林后4～8年,速生期生长量占总生长量60%以上.[结论]为杂交马褂人工林经营管理提供理论依据.     

连作对不同品种杨树人工林叶片养分及生长量的影响

[目的]研究连作对不同品种杨树人工林叶片养分及生长量的影响.[方法]通过野外调查、室内试验对苏北杨树产区不同种植代次和不同品种的杨树人工林树高、胸径、材积及其叶片TN、TP、TK 3种营养元素含量进行测定.[结果]2个品种不同林龄林分随着代次增加叶片TN、TP、TK含量变化不同,但是随着林龄的增大,叶片TN、TP、TK含量呈下降趋势;随代数增加,I-69杨与I-72杨树高变化的趋势相似,7与10年生林的树高受代次增加的影响较为稳定,呈逐代下降趋势,而4年生林的树高随代次增加,表现为先增后减;胸径随代次变化规律与树高随代次变化规律基本一致;随栽植代次的增加,7和10年生林材积生长量下降且存在显著差异.[结论]该研究结果为实现人工林合理施肥与管理、提高杨树人工林生产力、实现人工林可持续经营提供了依据.     

南京江宁大学城校园鸟类多样性研究——以南京晓庄学院为例

[目的]全面了解城郊大学城人为活动及生境改变对鸟类多样性的影响.[方法]以南京晓庄学院方山校区为样地,分春、秋两季对大学城4种生境(绿化区、水域区、教学区和宿舍区)的鸟类资源进行了调查.[结果]记录鸟类29种,隶属6目17科,其中留鸟18种,冬候鸟1种,繁殖鸟2种,旅鸟8种.多样性指数分析显示,绿化区鸟类资源最为丰富,其次为水域.[结论]从春、秋两季的鸟类种数、密度和多样性比较,大学城校区绿化区鸟类丰富度最高,水域次之;春季鸟类资源较秋季丰富.     

药食昆虫九香虫AFLP遗传多样性研究

[目的]对广州鼎湖山和罗浮山药食昆虫九香虫(Aspongopus chinensis Dallas)种群进行遗传多样性分析.[方法]利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)标记,建立九香虫AFLP指纹图谱,分析其种群遗传多样性参数.[结果]4个引物组合共揭示了362个位点,其中293个位点具有多态性,多态性位点所占比例为80.94%.种群Nei'S基因多样性指数平均为0.246 7,Shannon多态性信息指数为0.3687,种群间基因分化系数G<,ST>为0.1701,种群每代迁移数N<,m>为3.157.[结论]AFLP标记具有很高的多态性检测效率,适合用于分析九香虫种群遗传多样性;九香虫种群内的遗传变异程度较高,种群具有丰富的DNA遗传多样性水平.     

华北落叶松AFLP反应体系的建立和优化

[目的]建立和优化华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.)的AFLP反应体系.[方法]以华北落叶松为材料,对其AFLP分析过程中的5个主要影响因素(酶切时间、内切酶用量、DNA模板用量、连接产物和预扩增产物稀释倍数)进行了研究.[结果]确立了适于华北落叶松AFLP分析的最佳反应体系,即在反应体积均为20.0 μl的前提下,酶切时间为7 h(37 ℃ 3.5 h;65 ℃ 3.5 h),EcoR Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ内切酶用量均为1 U,DNA模板用量为3.0 μl(50 ng/μl),连接产物稀释10倍取5.0 μl用于预扩增,预扩增产物稀释70倍取4.0 μl用于选择性扩增.[结论]采用该体系得到的电泳条带清晰可辨、多态性好、重复性强,可用于对华北落叶松遗传多样性和分子进化特征的深入研究.     

江西省某高校新校园内外蝶类多样性调查

[目的]研究高校新校园与其周围环境的蝴蝶多样性.[方法]对南昌市东郊某高校新校园和校外农田,进行蝴蝶多样性的抽样调查.[结果]共采集到蝶类标本1 022只,校外农田有6科14属16种,而新校园内有5科12属13种.校外农田的蝶类多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)和优势度指数(D)均高于新校园生境.[结论]校外农田的整个生态环境更适宜螵类生存和繁衍.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区封禁流域立地因子对植物群落特征的影响

[目的]研究黄土丘陵沟壑区封禁流域立地因子对植物群落特征的影响.[方法]通过对陕西吴起县内封禁流域进行植被调查,研究了不同立地类型内植被群落特征和物种多样性的差异.[结果]调查区域内植被群落以旱生草本植物为主,物种组成相对单一,结构简单.地带性植被类型为铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)+茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)群落;植物多样性在不同地貌部位表现为梁顶>沟底>梁坡>沟坡,在不同坡向表现为半阴坡>阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡;阳坡多样性指数随坡度的增加表现为"S"形变化趋势,37°左右达到最大值.[结论]为黄土丘陵沟壑区的植物恢复提供了理论依据.     

汉中地区农田生态系统访花食蚜蝇物种多样性调查

[目的]调查汉中地区农田生态系统访花食蚜绳的物种多样性.[方法]通过标本采集和馆藏标本整理、鉴定,结合文献资料,对汉中地区农田生态系统中访花食蚜蝇的种类及其季节性变化进行了系统统计.[结果]共鉴定食蚜蝇科昆虫标本5015头,汉中农田生态系统中分布有访花食蚜绳3亚科16族141种,其中食蚜蝇亚科65种;迷蚜蝇亚科72种;巢穴蚜蝇亚科4种.食蚜蝇科昆虫成虫主要活动在每年的4～7月,优势种为黑带食蚜绳和长尾管蚜蝇.[结论]为研究汉中地区食蚜绳科昆虫的访花习性和传粉作用提供了依据.     

圆鼻巨蜥遗传多样性的RAPD分析

[目的]采用RAPD技术时圆鼻巨蜥(Varanus salvator)进行遗传多样性分析.[方法]用20个随机引物对圆鼻巨蜥36个个体的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.[结果]有10对引物能扩出清晰稳定的条带,共扩增出2952条DNA片段,平均每个个体扩增出82个条带,其中47条具多态性,多态性位点比为57.32%,36个个体间遗传距离为0.035 9-0.335 9,平均遗传距离为0.135 92.Nei's基因多样性指数H=0.181 9,Shannon'S多样性指数I=0.263 0,表明圆鼻巨蜥具有较高的遗传多样性.[结论]采用UPGMA法构建了36个个体相互关系的分子聚类图,发现没有形成明显的种群分化.     

旅游干扰对西径山植被的影响

[目的]以西径山为例,对路旁植物群落特征和游道植被踩踏宽度变化进行调查,研究旅游对环境的影响.[方法]利用物种多样性指数,盖度等指标来研究路旁植物群落特征;沿游道自下而上选取调查对象,对游道踩踏宽度进行测量.[结果]不管是植物群落特征的变化,还是植被踩踏现象,均与游道的设计有着密切的关系.[结论]提出对游道设计的建议.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.