旅游干扰对西径山植被的影响

[目的]以西径山为例,对路旁植物群落特征和游道植被踩踏宽度变化进行调查,研究旅游对环境的影响.[方法]利用物种多样性指数,盖度等指标来研究路旁植物群落特征;沿游道自下而上选取调查对象,对游道踩踏宽度进行测量.[结果]不管是植物群落特征的变化,还是植被踩踏现象,均与游道的设计有着密切的关系.[结论]提出对游道设计的建议.     

大坂山不同海拔高寒植被物种多样性研究

[目的]研究大坂山不同海拔高寒植被的物种多样性.[方法]对祁连山山脉东段大坂山高、中、低(3 025、3 405、3 813 m)3个不同海拔的植物群落进行调查,并比较分析了3个不同海拔高度植被的丰富度、多样性指数.[结果]随着海拔的逐渐升高,其植物丰富度逐渐减小;植物群落物种多样性在中海拔相对较低;群落相似性随着海拔的升高而降低,群落的β多样性具有明显的变化.[结论]海拔梯度造成的环境因子的变化以及人类干扰是造成不同海拔高度物种分布格局发生变化的重要原因.     

太原崛围山人工植被群落区系成分与物种多样性研究

在野外调查的基础上,对山西省太原市崛围山人工植被群落植物区系成分与物种多样性进行研究,结果表明:在崛围山人工植被45个样方中有维管植物122种,分别隶属于42科97属.其中含6属以上的科有菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、豆科(Leguminosa)、蔷薇科(Rosales),占到总属的43.75%.各植物区系成分分析结果表明,北温带分布属具有明显优势,充分说明了该地区的温带特性;世界分布属次之,说明崛围山人工植被具有非地带性.用物种丰富度(R)、多样性指数(λ、H′)、均匀度(E1)等指标对崛围山人工植被群落的物种多样性进行分析,结果表明:各群丛多样性之间的差异除与群丛本身的物种组成、生境不同有关外,还受到海拔高度、坡度、坡向及人为干扰的影响.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区封禁流域立地因子对植物群落特征的影响

[目的]研究黄土丘陵沟壑区封禁流域立地因子对植物群落特征的影响.[方法]通过对陕西吴起县内封禁流域进行植被调查,研究了不同立地类型内植被群落特征和物种多样性的差异.[结果]调查区域内植被群落以旱生草本植物为主,物种组成相对单一,结构简单.地带性植被类型为铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)+茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)群落;植物多样性在不同地貌部位表现为梁顶>沟底>梁坡>沟坡,在不同坡向表现为半阴坡>阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡;阳坡多样性指数随坡度的增加表现为"S"形变化趋势,37°左右达到最大值.[结论]为黄土丘陵沟壑区的植物恢复提供了理论依据.     

太湖百渎港湿地植被恢复区植物群落特征研究

百渎港河口湿地是太湖水域建成的第一块规模化河口湿地,于 2006 年底完成植被恢复建设.2009 年对百渎港湿地植被恢复区内植物种类和群落分布特征进行初次调查研究,结果表明:①研究区共有植物 49 种,隶属于 33 个科 45 个属,其中蓼科 5 个种,禾本科、菊科、水鳖科各 4 个种,十字花科、眼子菜科、豆科各 2 个种,其他 26 个科共包括 26 个种.②物种丰富度指教随着基底高程的降低而变小,shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数变化基本一致,先降低后升高,simpson 优势度指数则先升高后降低.③恢复后的湿地植物群落发展正处于上升阶段,梃水植物(芦苇和茭草群落)、荷花和沉水植物群落的盖度分别是恢复初期的 1.25、1.14 和 2.83 倍;群落已进入自然演替状态,但整体生物量还偏低,生态系统的生产力水平还有待于进一步提高.     

物种多样性的研究进展

在总结物种多样性与群落结构、群落生境因子及群落生产力的关系基础上,进一步综述了物种多样性在植被恢复和重金属污染治理中的应用.     

水生维管束植物在河道生态景观方面的应用研究

笔者于2007～2009年在慈溪市龚家甲江开展了水生维管柬植物在生态景观方面的应用研究,结果显示:在该河道上组成了较为完整的水生维管束植物群落,并体现了种类的多样性、层次的丰富性、明显的季相景观、水生植物形态美与意境美.与试验前相比.该研究河道的污染因子减少,污染程度减轻,水体自净能力增加,水质改善.但各部门的配合、管理、人的保护与参与、污染负荷的控制会直接影响到水生维管束植物在河道生态景观方面的应用效果.     

景观破碎化与生物多样性的相关性

景观破碎化是制约生物多样性重要的"瓶颈"之一.人为干扰、生境岛屿化等是形成景观破碎化的主要原因,景观破碎化改变了物种生存所需的生物地理环境,物种生存空间锐减,减少了生物的物种多样性;改变了生态系统特性,影响系统内的物质流动和能量平衡,加剧了生态系统的破坏;改变了斑块面积.斑块密度和空间结构,引起景观格局变化,使景观多样性减少.笔者通过对上述方面的阐述,旨在更好地理解景观破碎化对生物多样性产生的深刻影响,并提出减少破碎化的实施措施.     

荔浦芋种植过程中土壤养分含量变化及相关性研究

[目的]探索荔浦芋种植过程中土壤养分的含量变化及各养分含量的相互关系,为农业生产提供指导.[方法]在荔浦芋种植过程中的4个时期分别采集土样,并且检测分析.[结果]pH值与土壤有效养分含量密切相关,施加追肥后,土壤pH值明显升高;碱解氮含量在种植前后差异明显;有效磷、有效钾含量随着肥料的施加逐渐增加;微量元素有效态含量在种植过程中也发生了相应的变化.[结论]土壤养分因素之间存在密切联系,各养分含量在种植过程中也发生了相应的变化.适时对土壤养分指标进行检测、分析,才能掌握其变化规律.     

基于层次分析和模糊综合评判的尾矿库植物群落评价

以最具代表性的稀土污染城市植物群落-包头轻稀土尾矿库周边植物景观为研究对象,将该区域分为5个研究地块,进行实地调查,并采用AHP(层次分析法)和综合模糊评判法从植物群落生态修复方面进行评价,计算指标层各因素的权重后加权计算各样地的综合评价得分并排序,以期为轻稀土污染城市的植物景观改造和建设提供参考。结果表明:轻稀土尾矿库周边共有植物30科、70属、101种,经问卷调查得出尾矿库周边群落模糊综合评判结果均为中,土壤生态恢复植物群落特征评价S2区综合得分最高为0.326,其次为S3区得分为0.304,S5区得分最低为0.278,评价结果S5区为Ⅰ级,其余均为Ⅱ级,说明人工植物群落的修复效果和稳定性均优于自然植物群落,自然植物群落演替不能有效的改善土壤生态环境。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.