热泵干燥装置中干燥介质的物性及其应用分析

在热泵干燥装置中,干燥介质对干燥过程的传热传质速率、物料干燥质量和装置的能源效率均具有重要影响。给出了空气、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氢气、氦气六种干燥介质的热物性数据及其计算方程,并分析了其适宜的应用场合,为热泵干燥装置中选择适宜的干燥介质提供了较好的参考。     

氢气作为热泵干燥装置干燥介质的分析

分析了氢气作为热泵干燥装置干燥介质时,干燥介质与物料的对流换热系数、对流传质系数、干燥介质的流动阻力、单位体积干燥介质与水蒸气的饱和混合物中的水蒸气量、单位体积干燥介质在绝热干燥过程中的最大水蒸气吸收量等特性,并与空气作为干燥介质时进行了对比,为氢气型热泵干燥装置的开发提供了较好的参考.     

热泵干燥装置的应用和发展分析

在简要介绍热泵干燥装置基本结构和工作原理的基础上，对热泵干燥装置的特点、市场拓展、应用与推广中的主要问题和解决思路、技术发展等进行了较全面的分析，为科学地把握和应用热泵干燥技术提供了较好的参考。     

一种多功能热泵干燥装置及其特性分析

给出了一种兼具干燥、浓缩、冷却、速冻、解冻、为其他工艺环节供冷及供热等功能的多功能热泵干燥装置,简要介绍了其各项功能的实现方式,并以干燥功能为例,就其干燥温度、干燥速度、能耗、综合经济性等与电加热式干燥装置进行了对比分析.     

热泵干燥装置

本文综合介绍热泵干燥装置的工作原理、特点及其典型的流程，并对热泵干燥装置进行分类；最后介绍几种热泵干燥装置的应用情况。     

热泵干燥装置的结构及应用特性分析

热泵干燥装置有三种基本结构型式开式、半开式和封闭式。对三种型式热泵干燥装置的特点和应用特性进行了较系统的介绍,对封闭式热泵干燥装置的各种改进型式也进行了较全面的分析,相关结论为热泵干燥装置的设计和应用提供了较好的基础。     

落叶松太阳能热泵干燥特性研究

本文介绍了一种木材太阳能热泵干燥装置及其三种不同的运行方式,并以落叶松为试材,通过两组对比实验,分析干燥介质与干燥箱内的温度变化以及木材含水率变化之间的关系。结果表明太阳能水源热泵联合干燥的优化比传统干燥节能约76．7％,太阳能水源热泵联合干燥比传统干燥节能约66．2％,优化模式比只用太阳能水源热泵联合干燥木材时耗能更低,且干燥质量更好。     

热泵干燥装置的调控分析

热泵干燥具有节能、低温干燥及环境友好等特点，控制热泵干燥装置运行在较佳的状态，是保证热泵干燥装置效率和可靠性的基础。以带循环空气旁通的封闭式热泵,干燥装置为例，对热泵干燥装置的调控方法进行了分析，给出了装置的被控参数和一组较佳的控制参数，并建立了各控制参数的计算公式。     

水循环式热泵干燥装置的设计分析

水循环式热泵干燥装置是指热泵和干燥部分通过水循环耦合而成的热泵干燥装置,是一种较适宜于中小型热泵干燥装置的结构型式。以典型的物料干燥工艺为基础,对水循环式热泵干燥装置的冷却器、加热器、冷水循环部分、热水循环部分、热泵部件及工质的设计进行了分析和讨论,为水循环式热泵干燥装置的应用提供了较好的基础。     

热泵干燥装置操作参数的分析

分析了热泵干燥装置的独立操作参数,给出了热泵的蒸发温度、冷凝温度、干燥器进口空气的速度、干燥器出口空气的温度及相对湿度与热泵干燥装置除湿能耗比之间的关系式,计算了除湿能耗比随独立操作参数的变化规律,相关结论为热泵干燥装置测控系统的开发提供了较好的参考。     

低温热泵干燥装置的技术方案分析

低温热泵干燥装置在化学品、食品、药品、农副产品的干燥中具有广泛需要。给出了基本型、真空型和吸附剂型三类低温热泵干燥装置,对其结构、工作原理和特性进行了简要分析。分析表明,在初投资方面,基本型最低,真空型最高;在能源效率方面,真空型最高,基本型最低;吸附剂型在初投资和能源效率方面均居中。上述工作可为低温热泵干燥装置的设计提供较好的参考。     

内加热式热泵干燥装置的结构与性能分析

内加热式热泵干燥装置可提高干燥器出口空气的温度和相对湿度,增加空气从物料中吸纳水蒸气的能力。介绍了内加热式热泵干燥装置的结构和工作原理,建立了其SMER计算方程,并对干燥器进口空气温度、干燥器出口空气温度和相对湿度、除湿器出口空气温度对SMER的影响进行了计算和分析。     

Effects of Component Arrangement and Ambient and Drying Conditions on the Performance of Heat Pump Dryers

Performances of five heat pump dryer (HPD) configurations were studied by computer simulation. The component arrangement covers the fully open, the partially open, and the fully closed systems with external condenser or external cooler. The HPD performance was investigated for high and low drying rate and within the ambient temperature range of 20°C to 40°C. The best operating mode of the HPD depends on both drying rate and ambient condition. For the case of tropical climate and high drying rate, the partially open system is the optimum operating mode in general, except at some particular conditions where the fully open and fully closed systems are recommended. However, the operation for the low drying rate is more complicated, as the optimum configuration is sensitive to the change of ambient temperature.     

Drying Kinetics of Tomato by Using Electric Resistance and Heat Pump Dryers

Abstract

Drying kinetics of tomato was studied by using heat pump dryer (HPD) and electric resistance dryers with parallel and crossed airflow. The performance of both systems was evaluated and compared and the influence of temperature, air velocity, and tomato type on the drying kinetics was analyzed. The use of HPD showed to be adequate in the drying process of tomatoes, mainly in relation to the conversion rate of electric energy into thermal energy. The heat pump effective coefficient of performance (COP_HT,EF) was between 2.56 and 2.68, with an energy economy of about 40% when compared to the drying system with electric resistance. The Page model could be used to predict drying time of tomato and statistical analysis showed that the model parameters were mainly affected by drying temperature.     

Drying Kinetics of Tomato by Using Electric Resistance and Heat Pump Dryers

Drying kinetics of tomato was studied by using heat pump dryer (HPD) and electric resistance dryers with parallel and crossed airflow. The performance of both systems was evaluated and compared and the influence of temperature, air velocity, and tomato type on the drying kinetics was analyzed. The use of HPD showed to be adequate in the drying process of tomatoes, mainly in relation to the conversion rate of electric energy into thermal energy. The heat pump effective coefficient of performance (COP_HT,EF) was between 2.56 and 2.68, with an energy economy of about 40% when compared to the drying system with electric resistance. The Page model could be used to predict drying time of tomato and statistical analysis showed that the model parameters were mainly affected by drying temperature.     

Calculation Steps for the Design of Different Components of Heat Pump Dryers Under Constant Drying Rate Condition

Heat pump–assisted dryers are an alternative method for drying heat-sensitive food products at low temperature and less relative humidity with lower energy consumption. The mathematical models of a heat pump dryer consist of three submodels; namely, drying models, heat pump models, and performance models. Heat and mass balance of both refrigerant and air circuits in all components of the system are used for development of mathematical models. The models are used for design of different components of heat pump dryers operating under constant drying rate condition. A simple stepwise design procedure for batch-type, closed-loop heat pump dryer is also presented.     

Analysis of CO2 Transcritical Cycle Heat Pump Dryers

The heat pump dryer with CO₂ as the working medium is investigated in this study. The drying systems were designed based on the thermophysical properties and characteristics of CO₂ cycle. The two-stage drying of CO₂ transcritical cycle heat pumps are presented and discussed in comparison with the single compression cycle single-stage heat pump dryer, the two-stage drying heat pumps, and electric drying system. The analysis indicates that the specific moisture extraction ratio of the two-stage drying system can be higher than that of the single drying CO₂ system. The efficiency of energy utilization of the CO₂ heat pump dryer was higher than that of an electric dryer.     

Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Heat Pump Tumbler Dryer

In this study, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses of a heat pump tumbler dryer are carried out by using actual thermodynamic and cost data. The wet cotton fabric is used as the test drying material. The results show that the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and evaporation rate of dryer are equal to 1.08 kg/kWh and 0.018 kg/s, respectively. Also, the respective exergetic efficiencies of the heat pump and overall system are equal to 0.07 and 0.11. A parametric study is then conducted in order to investigate the system performance and costs of the components, depending on the operating temperature and mass flow rate of air.     

内加热式热泵干燥装置的设计

内加热式热泵干燥装置通过导热加热方式提供物料中水分气化所需热能,可获得较高的能源效率和除湿能耗比。在介绍内加热式热泵干燥装置基本结构和工作过程的基础上,给出了其物料衡算、能量衡算和主要部件选型参数的计算公式,为内加热式热泵干燥装置的设计提供了较好的参考。