曲面保护高量程加速度传感器阻尼特性研究

利用有限元模拟方法,对一种高量程MEMS加速度计进行10万g正弦加速度脉冲下的动态冲击响应分析。首先,建立适用于该器件曲面阻尼的分段近似叠加理论模型;随后,采用ANSYS有限元模拟技术分别研究器件阻尼带隙宽度及其阻尼介质特性对器件动态冲击响应特性的影响。器件动态冲击响应实际上是受迫振动与传感器悬臂梁固有频率振动的叠加。当阻尼带隙较小时,输出结果表现为冲击载荷下的受迫振动响应;随着阻尼带隙变宽,悬臂梁固有频率振动渐突显,响应峰值电压也近线性增加,而峰值电压所对应时间则非线性减小。在其它条件相同情况下,阻尼介质粘滞系数越大,响应输出曲线越光滑,但其峰值电压也相应越低。在空气阻尼介质中,过载保护曲面的平移距离控制在0.5～0.65μm范围内,以获取较好的动态响应效果。     

高量程MEMS加速度计灌封后的动态响应

对双悬臂梁高量程MEMS加速度传感器的封装结构进行了1×105g峰值的半正弦加速度冲击载荷下的有限元响应分析。灌封胶弹性模量的变化对加速度计的输出信号(输出电压、悬臂梁的挠度)的影响可以忽略。输出电压曲线的峰值与解析解接近。加速度计的悬臂梁表现为有阻尼下的受迫振动,并表现出悬臂梁的固有频率特性。输出信号的峰值与加速度载荷的峰值均呈很好的线性关系。灌封胶的弹性模量大于4GPa时胶已经足够硬,适宜用于保护芯片。     

磁致伸缩层合悬臂梁式作动器的振动分析

为了分析磁致伸缩薄膜型层合悬臂梁式作动器的振动问题,应用磁致伸缩材料的非线性本构关系,由哈密尔顿原理导出了双层悬臂梁的振动微分方程。采用分离变量方法和常微分方程组的解析解法对磁致伸缩薄膜型层合悬臂梁的自由振动和受迫振动进行了理论分析。数值算例表明本文计算结果与有限元结果吻合较好,从而佐证了本文理论模型和求解方法的正确性,并讨论了几何参数、材料参数对层合梁固有频率的影响。还分析了在周期输入磁场激励下悬臂梁的挠度响应,且挠度响应呈现出倍频效应的动态特性。      

低频簧片仪冲击特性与破坏规律分析

低频簧片仪是低频段冲击谱测量的主要装置,其结构为一组具有不同固有频率的集中质量悬臂梁。舰艇受到爆炸冲击时,集中质量悬臂梁易发生塑性变形或断裂,直接影响测量结果。为分析集中质量悬臂梁抗冲击能力,利用模态叠加法建立集中质量悬臂梁在冲击载荷作用下理论模型,分析集中质量悬臂梁在冲击载荷作用下动态响应及破坏规律。研究结果表明:集中质量悬臂梁固有频率越高,应力峰值越大,越容易发生塑性变形或断裂;对于集中质量悬臂梁,冲击载荷破坏能力仅与极限谱位移有关,极限谱位移越大,其破坏能力越大;负波延迟对集中质量悬臂梁的破坏能力具有一定影响,可在常规抗冲击设计中通过增大极限谱位移考虑此影响。     

含压电分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁振动特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对声学黑洞梁结构,引入压电分流阻尼形成声学黑洞压电复合结构,采用半解析法对其振动特性进行分析。首先基于哈密顿原理,采用墨西哥帽状小波作为型函数,利用能量法对声学黑洞悬臂梁的自由振动和受迫振动进行求解,与有限元法结果吻合良好,验证了半解析法的可靠性。然后引入分流阻尼,通过等效介质法将分流阻尼等效为附加材料,利用其局域共振机制,分析了含分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁振动特性,从理论上分析了确定局域共振频率近似方法。压电分流阻尼可以通过调整电感值来使局域共振与结构共振产生耦合,从而使振动响应峰值产生衰减;另一方面适当的阻尼可以使振荡效应消失。针对第一阶共振峰值,设计出的含分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁比传统阻尼层声学黑洞梁的振动有明显衰减,为声学黑洞结构的低频振动控制提供了新的思路。     

特种起重机伸缩臂振动特性建模分析与试验

为研究某新型特种起重机作业过程中伸缩臂带载伸展时的振动特性,将伸缩臂等效为固定支撑的阶梯式变截面悬臂梁和进行伸展运动的变长度悬臂梁。基于梁振动的微分方程与模态叠加理论建立了伸缩臂带载伸展时臂架振动的数学模型。采用Rayleigh-Ritz法,结合梁的边界条件得到了各级臂振动的固有频率和在等效冲击载荷作用下臂端的坐标响应,进而得到振动位移曲线。对理论结果分析可知,伸缩臂的自身臂架结构和伸展速度是影响臂节振动的主要因素,臂节刚度越小、伸展速度越快,臂架振动位移越大。依托改装后的HIAB-033T型起重臂为试验平台进行试验研究,试验结果与理论结果基本一致,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

多方向振动能量收集装置输出特性分析

针对一种压电振动能量收集装置输出特性展开研究,以实现多方向、宽频振动能量收集。首先,建立压电悬臂梁单自由度振动系统的微分方程,分析外激励下悬臂梁的输出响应。在此基础上,采用COMSOL建立多悬臂梁式振动能量回收装置有限元模型,并进行模态、输出电压及输出功率等分析,仿真结果表明振动能量回收装置在不同方向激励时均具有较高的电压、功率输出。此外,进一步讨论了装置的在不同方向激励下宽频输出特性,结果显示其在200～400 Hz频带范围内具有多个幅值相当的峰值。     

碟簧螺栓连接系统冲击响应分析

通过理论计算与有限元模拟,对设置碟形弹簧螺栓连接结构受阶跃冲击载荷响应进行分析。对比设置与不设置碟形弹簧时螺栓峰值应力,揭示碟形弹簧刚度及系统阻尼对螺栓响应影响。结果表明：峰值应力与蝶形弹簧刚度及系统阻尼有关,设置碟形弹簧、减小蝶形弹簧刚度、增大系统阻尼均能降低螺栓峰值应力,且能迅速衰减冲击产生的振动。     

冰箱的缓冲包装CAE分析

目的研究冰箱在运输过程中的振动和冲击特性。方法利用Pro/E建立冰箱缓冲包装模型,并对模型进行适当简化,然后利用有限元分析软件Ansys对冰箱缓冲包装的振动和冲击特性进行模拟分析计算。结果求出了冰箱缓冲包装的固有频率与固有振型,以及在公路运输过程中受到振动和冲击下的动态响应。结论所提出的模拟产品包装系统的振动和冲击特性的方法,不仅缩短了产品的设计周期,而且为电子产品的包装设计提供了依据。     

金属/丁腈橡胶杆状结构声子晶体振动带隙研究

采用平面波方法计算了金属 /丁腈橡胶一维杆状结构声子晶体振动带隙 ,讨论了晶格尺寸、材料组分比、金属密度对声子晶体振动带隙的影响。采用有限元方法计算了材料阻尼特性对振动带隙的影响 ,计算表明 :丁腈橡胶阻尼特性不影响振动带隙的起始频率。金属 /丁腈橡胶杆状结构声子晶体的振动实验验证了文中的主要结论     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from