中美气候箱法测定人造板甲醛释放量的比较与分析

用GB 18580-2001《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》的气候箱法和美国标准ASTM D6007-02:2008"Standard Test Method of DeterminingFormaldehyde Concent rations in Air fromWood Products Using a Small-scaleChamber(以下简称ASTM)中的气候箱法对相同的试件进行了检测,其测试值相差较小,这对评估木质人造板质量具有实际意义。     

Formaldehyde emission from particleboard

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - A test method is described and experimental data are presented which compare formaldehyde emissions from edges and surfaces of particleboards. Surface...     

施用BL甲醛消纳剂的脲胶刨花板制板工艺研究

BL甲醛消纳剂是解决我国人造板因广泛使用脲胶而造成甲醛释放量严重超标问题的一项新技术。它的降醛效果显著,但也有其缺陷。本文着重探讨了通过改变制板工艺因素的方法,既充分发挥BL-甲醛消纳剂优良的降醛功能,又尽可能降低其对刨花板力学性能的负面影响。     

Empirical correlations between test methods of measuring formaldehyde emission of plywood, particleboard and medium density fiberboard

Since different test methods of measuring the formaldehyde emission (FE) from wood-based composite panels have been used for different countries and regions, this study attempted to establish empirical correlations between three test methods (i.e., 24-hour desiccator, 1 m³ chamber, and perforator) for plywood (PLW), particleboard (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF), particularly emphasizing on correlations between the 24-hour desiccator and the 1 m³ chamber method. The desiccator method found statistically high correlations with other two methods, resulting in regression coefficient values ranging from 0.96 to 0.88 for PLW, PB, and MDF samples. In particular, the desiccator method had an empirically high correlation with the 1 m³ chamber method that had been adopted as the reference method of comparing regionally different test methods of measuring the FE of wood-based composite panels by the ISO/TC89.     

影响穿孔法测定甲醛释放量的因素

分析了穿孔法检测甲醛释放量的影响因素.实验表明,回流起始时间对穿孔值的影响不大;板材含水率对穿孔值影响显著;在一定的含水率范围内,板材释放的甲醛含量随含水率的增大而逐渐增大.     

Comparison of different laboratory methods for determining the formaldehyde emission from three-layer parquet floors

chamber method. The best correlation with the chamber method is achieved with the emission cells. The emission rates from different parts of a parquet sample (the front, the back and the edges) give different results. The formaldehyde emission from the back surface can be 20 times higher than from the front, so it is very important to do the test on the normally exposed surface. Also, the conditioning time effects the emission rate and should be maintained in a standardised way, so that results can be compared.     

Comparison of different laboratory methods for determining the formaldehyde emission from three-layer parquet floors

3 chamber method. The best correlation with the chamber method is achieved with the emission cells. The emission rates from different parts of a parquet sample (the front, the back and the edges) give different results. The formaldehyde emission from the back surface can be 20 times higher than from the front, so it is very important to do the test on the normally exposed surface. Also, the conditioning time effects the emission rate and should be maintained in a standardised way, so that results can be compared.

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3 -Kammermethode verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der Emissions-Zellen-Methode stimmen gut mit denen der Kammer-Methode überein. Die Emissionsraten aus Parketteilen, wie Vorderseite, Rückseite und Kanten ergeben unterschiedliche Resultate. Die Emissionsrate an der Rückseite z. B. kann 20 mal h?her sein als die der Vorderseite. Deswegen ist es sehr wichtig, den Test an der normalerweise exponierten Vorderseite durchzuführen. Auch die Klimatisierungszeit hat Einflu? auf die Emissionsrate und sollte wie vorgeschrieben eingehalten werden, um die Resultate vergleichen zu k?nnen.

     

Effects of log storage conditions and steaming process on the formaldehyde emissions of particleboard manufactured from eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) wood

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in formaldehyde emissions of eucalyptus particleboards produced from logs stored under different conditions (indoor, outdoor, and under water) or steamed. The pH and Stiasny values of particles changed significantly according to the storage condition and log steaming process. The pH values of particles obtained from steamed logs and stored outdoors for 4 months were found to be lower than those of the particles obtained from logs stored in the other aforementioned two conditions. The peaks of acetyl groups in the IR-spectra of the four group particles were similar. There was a strong relationship among the formaldehyde emission values of the panels pressed at 150 °C and the Stiasny values of the particles from which the panels were produced. The formaldehyde emission values of the panels pressed at 190 °C were lower than those of the panels pressed at 150 °C.     

木霉LE02 β-1，3-葡聚糖酶酶学特性的研究

对木霉菌株LE02所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的酶学特性进行了研究。结果表明,该酶最适反应温度为55℃、最适反应pH值为5.0。Co~(2+)、K+、Zn~(2+)、Li~+、Ba~(2+)、Cu~(2+)以及1.0mmol/L的Fe~(2+)对该酶没有影响,Cd~(2+)和10.0mmol/L的Mg~(2+)对酶具有部分抑制作用,而低浓度的Hg~(2+)、5.0mmol/L以上的Mn~(2+)和10.0 mmol/L的Fe~(3+)能强烈抑制该酶的活性。该酶只能作用于β-1,3-糖苷键,以Larinami为底物时其米氏常数K_m值为128.34μg/mL,最大反应速度V_m为23.01μg/(min·mL)。经过SDS-PAGE测定的分子质量近似为80.137ku。     

异氰酸酯在麦秸板制造中的作用研究

研究了异氰酸酯在麦秸板制造中所起的作用,系统地总结了它与麦秸刨花板的各种不同的化学反应。     

Effects of log storage conditions and steaming process on the formaldehyde emissions of particleboard manufactured from eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis) wood

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in formaldehyde emissions of eucalyptus particleboards produced from logs stored under different conditions (indoor, outdoor, and under water) or steamed. The pH and Stiasny values of particles changed significantly according to the storage condition and log steaming process. The pH values of particles obtained from steamed logs and stored outdoors for 4 months were found to be lower than those of the particles obtained from logs stored in the other aforementioned two conditions. The peaks of acetyl groups in the IR-spectra of the four group particles were similar. There was a strong relationship among the formaldehyde emission values of the panels pressed at 150 °C and the Stiasny values of the particles from which the panels were produced. The formaldehyde emission values of the panels pressed at 190 °C were lower than those of the panels pressed at 150 °C.     

印染企业温室气体排放量化方法

通过对纺织印染企业生产过程中主要温室气体排放源进行识别,制定出相应的温室气体排放量化方法,为建立纺织印染企业温室气体排放统计核算体系,以及自愿交易市场机制的建立和运行提供技术支撑。     

The suitability of structural particleboard made from fast-growing tree species

Wood particle gypsum boards were prepared in laboratory under the following conditions: wood particles from chips (Cryptomeria japonica, Paulownia X Taiwaniana, Aleurites montana) 30, 25, and 20%; gypsum 70, 75, and 80% by weight; water-gypsum-ratio 0.35; board density 1.1 g/cm³; pressure 30 kgf/cm²; post curing 8 to 10 days. The MOE (tested by stress-wave-timer) was 2,800.7–4,328.5 N/mm² and the MOR (tested by universal testing machine) was 4.74–10.25 N/mm²; the screw holding strength was ranging from 1.85 to 5.14 N/mm². The wood particle gypsum board made from Taiwan paulownia showed the highest value of mechanical properties. The thickness swelling and water absorption of bonded particleboard were 0.62–22.05% and 18.42 to 35.22% after 2 h soaking in water; 2.73–26.68% and 21.71–44.06% for 24 h soaking, respectively. The effect of gypsum content on mechanical properties of boards was not significant, but the thickness swelling and water absorption of boards were reduced as gypsum content increased.     

Properties of particleboard produced from post-industrial UF- and PF-bonded plywood

An approach based on the recycling of waste plywood as a recovered wood resource for the particleboard industry is described. It is demonstrated that post-industrial urea- (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) bonded plywood can be effectively shredded to the form of the recovered particles that can be a valuable material in particleboard manufacturing. The effects of shredding conditions and binder type on the recovered particles characteristics and the mechanical properties of the particleboards were analyzed. It is shown that the substitution of 20–100% of virgin particles with the recovered material is possible without affecting the performance of the particleboard.     

A rapid microdistillation method for the release of bound formaldehyde from treated feedstuffs.

A rapid two-stage microdistillation technique is described for the release of formaldehyde from tanned feed proteins. Quantitative recoveries are achieved for formaldehyde concentrations up to 1%.     

Inter-laboratory comparison of an analytical method for the determination of the feed additive semduramicin in poultry feed at authorised level by liquid chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry

A collaborative study was carried out according to internationally recognised guidelines in order to establish the performance characteristics of an LC/MS method for the determination of the feed additive semduramicin (SEM) in poultry feed at the level (20–25?mg?kg^?1) authorised within the European Union. Fifteen laboratories participated in the validation study, and all reported results. The content of SEM in the tested materials, provided as blind duplicates, ranged from 11.5?mg?kg^?1, which corresponds to half the mean authorised level, to 45.0?mg?kg^?1, which corresponds to twice the mean authorised level. All the materials were analysed by the participating laboratories using two different quantification approaches: standard addition and external standard calibration. The relative standard deviation of reproducibility (RSD_R) for both quantification approaches varied from 8% to 18%, corresponding to HORRAT values ranging from 0.8 to 1.5, which were therefore in all cases below the critical value of 2.0. Consequently, the proposed analytical method and both quantification approaches can be considered to be fully validated and transferable to the control laboratories and applied for the determination of SEM in poultry compound feed at authorised level within the frame of official control. Further steps in the administrative procedure aiming to adopt the method as part of an ISO/CEN standard are currently ongoing.     

Real-time process modeling of particleboard manufacture using variable selection and regression methods ensemble

This study focuses on the real-time prediction of mechanical properties such as internal bond strength (IB) and modulus of rupture (MOR) for a wood composite panels manufacturing process. As wood composite panel plants periodically test their products, a real time data fusion application was developed to align laboratory mechanical test results and their corresponding process data. Fused data were employed to build regression models that yield real-time predicted mechanical property values when new process data become available. The modeling algorithm core uses genetic algorithm to preselect a meaningful subset of process variables. Calibration models are then built using several regression methods: multiple linear regression, ridge regression, neural networks, and partial least squares regression (PLS). Four different predicted response values were generated for each new record of real time process variables. On-line validation results showed good performance of the ridge regression method with a 0.89 correlation coefficient between actual and predicted MOR values, a root mean square error (RMSEP) of 1.05 MPa and a mean normalized error of 9 %. IB was best predicted by PLS with a 0.81 correlation coefficient between actual IB and PLS predicted IB values, a RMSEP of 75.1 kPa, and a mean normalized error of 15 %.     

Inter-laboratory comparison of an analytical method for the determination of the feed additive semduramicin in poultry feed at authorised level by liquid chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry

A collaborative study was carried out according to internationally recognised guidelines in order to establish the performance characteristics of an LC/MS method for the determination of the feed additive semduramicin (SEM) in poultry feed at the level (20-25 mg kg(-1)) authorised within the European Union. Fifteen laboratories participated in the validation study, and all reported results. The content of SEM in the tested materials, provided as blind duplicates, ranged from 11.5 mg kg(-1), which corresponds to half the mean authorised level, to 45.0 mg kg(-1), which corresponds to twice the mean authorised level. All the materials were analysed by the participating laboratories using two different quantification approaches: standard addition and external standard calibration. The relative standard deviation of reproducibility (RSD(R)) for both quantification approaches varied from 8% to 18%, corresponding to HORRAT values ranging from 0.8 to 1.5, which were therefore in all cases below the critical value of 2.0. Consequently, the proposed analytical method and both quantification approaches can be considered to be fully validated and transferable to the control laboratories and applied for the determination of SEM in poultry compound feed at authorised level within the frame of official control. Further steps in the administrative procedure aiming to adopt the method as part of an ISO/CEN standard are currently ongoing.