Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) in mice fed a high-fat diet

This study was aimed to clarify the effect of defatted chufa (Cyperus esculentus L., DC) on diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolism in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets for 7 weeks: a normal diet (N), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet with 5% DC (LDC), and a high-fat diet with 10% DC (HDC). DC supplementation (10%) significantly reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size increased by high-fat diet although there was no significant difference between HF group and LDC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the HDC group were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride levels also decreased significantly with 10% DC supplementation, but not changed with 5% DC supplementation. Serum insulin and leptin levels in the LDC and HDC groups were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. These results suggest that defatted chufa may be useful for the prevention of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.     

Chlorogenic acid promotes osteoblastogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant effect of Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract in mice with diet-induced obesity. Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or HFD with and without 0.7% P. tricornutum lipid extract corresponding to 0.2% fucoxanthin for 8 weeks. P. tricornutum significantly decreased body weight and epidydimal white adipose tissue in mice fed the HFD. Serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, were significantly lower in the P. tricornutum group than in the HFD group. P. tricornutum significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFD group. Thus, P. tricornutum could exert antiobesity and antioxidant effects in mice fed a HFD.     

RS4型抗性淀粉对高脂诱导肥胖小鼠脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响

目的：观察不同RS4型抗性淀粉对小鼠脂质代谢及相关基因表达的影响,探讨抗性淀粉干预脂质代谢的机制。方法：选用年龄和体质量合适的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,分别饲喂含有羟丙基交联、交联酯化、柠檬酸乙酰化甘薯淀粉3 种RS4型抗性淀粉和甘薯原淀粉的高脂饲料12 周。12 周后,测定小鼠血清指标、体质量及观察小鼠肝脏组织形态变化;并采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应技术检测各组小鼠肝组织中脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthese,FAS）、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c（sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c）、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme a reductase,HMGCR）的mRNA表达水平。结果：饲喂添加3 种RS4型抗性淀粉的高脂饲料后,高脂诱导雄性C57BL/6J肥胖小鼠体质量、血清甘油三酯水平明显降低,肝细胞脂肪变性程度明显减轻、肝脏组织中SREBP-1c mRNA表达水平明显下调;添加柠檬酸乙酰化甘薯淀粉对FAS、SREBP-1c、HMGCR 的mRNA表达水平均有不同程度的下调。结论：柠檬酸乙酰化甘薯淀粉等RS4型抗性淀粉可对高脂诱导雄性C57BL/6J肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢起到一定的干预作用,并可下调其肝脏组织中SREBP-1c mRNA等基因的表达。     

Pu-erh tea, green tea, and black tea suppresses hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia and fatty acid synthase through activating AMPK in rats fed a high-fructose diet

Although green tea extract has been reported to suppress hyperlipidemia, it is unclear how tea extracts prepared from green, oolong, black and pu-erh teas modulate fatty acid synthase expression in rats fed on a high-fructose diet. In this animal study, we evaluated the hypolipidemic and hypoleptinemia effect of these four different tea leaves fed to male Wistar rats for 12 weeks. The results showed that a fructose-rich diet significantly elevated serum triacylglycerols, cholesterol, insulin, and leptin concentrations, as compared with those in the control group. Interestingly, consuming tea leaves for 12 weeks almost normalized the serum triacylglycerols concentrations. Again, rats fed with fructose/green tea and fructose/pu-erh tea showed the greatest reduction in serum TG, cholesterol, insulin and leptin levels. In contrast, serum cholesterol and insulin concentrations of the fructose/oolong tea-fed rats did not normalize. The relative epididymal adipose tissue weight was lower in all rats supplemented with tea leaves than those fed with fructose alone. There was molecular evidence of improved lipid homeostasis according to fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein expression. Furthermore, supplementation of green, black, and pu-erh tea leaves significantly decreased hepatic FAS mRNA and protein levels, and increased AMPK phosphorylation, compared with those of rats fed with fructose only. These findings suggest that the intake of green, black, and pu-erh tea leaves ameliorated the fructose-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperleptinemia state in part through the suppression of FAS protein levels and increased AMPK phosphorylation.     

黄大茶水提物改善高脂小鼠脂肪组织的脂肪酸代谢

目的：探究黄大茶水提物对高脂饮食小鼠脂肪组织脂肪酸代谢的调控机制。方法：将5 周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食＋2.5%（终质量分数,下同）黄大茶水提取物组、高脂饮食＋0.5%黄大茶水提取物组。饮食干预处理12 周后,测定小鼠体质量、脂肪组织质量,观察脂肪组织形态,并分析脂肪酸代谢关键基因及蛋白表达量等指标。结果：2.5%黄大茶水提物能高度显著降低高脂小鼠体质量及脂肪组织质量（P＜0.001）;减少脂肪组织的脂质沉积;促进SREBP-1C、FAS、ACC、SCD-1等脂肪酸生成相关基因的表达,促进脂肪酸分解相关基因PGC-1α和CPT-1的表达;不同程度激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK）/乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetyl CoA-carboxylase,ACC）通路。结论：2.5%黄大茶水提物饮食干预能显著缓解高脂饮食小鼠肥胖和减少脂质沉积,促进脂肪组织脂肪酸合成和氧化分解代谢,此作用与黄大茶水提物激活AMPK/ACC通路相关。     

Structural analysis and anti-obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high-fat diet in mice

This study aimed to analyse the physicochemical properties of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP) and evaluated its effects in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Experimentally, PCP was established as a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with both α- and β-configurations, and its estimated average molecular weight was ˜5.1 kDa. Besides, we discovered its major monosaccharides, including galactose, mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose. PCP markedly decreased obesity-related parameters, improved serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and leptin levels and reversed insulin resistance. It also reduced the hepatic infiltration of lipid droplets and the size of adipocytes in adipose tissues. Finally, PCP simulation significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). On the contrary, it increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) levels closely related to thermogenesis and glucolipid metabolism. Taken together, these findings have provided evidence that PCP could be a potential anti-obesity ingredient in preventing diet-induced obesity.     

骆驼乳对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探究骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：将50只C57BL6/J雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(NC)、模型组(Mod)、对照骆驼乳组(NCM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)、骆驼乳组(CaM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)和水飞蓟素组(PC,200 mg·kg^-1 bw)。试验12周,建立NAFLD模型,骆驼乳组和水飞蓟素组小鼠在每日固定时间分别灌胃相应剂量的骆驼乳和水飞蓟素。通过测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、血清生化指标、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数、经口葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素耐量,探讨骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。结果：骆驼乳能显著抑制NAFLD小鼠体重和血糖的升高,并且可以显著降低小鼠血清中总甘油三酯(total triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein chole...     

Effect of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of mice fed with a high-fat diet

The effects of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of high-fat-fed mice were investigated. Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: NC group fed with normal control diet; HF group fed with high-fat (17%) diet; HF-O group fed with high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% oryzanol; and HF-FA group fed with high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% ferulic acid. All animals were allowed free access to the experimental diets and water for 7 wk. At the end of the experimental period, the HF-O and HF-FA groups exhibited significantly lower blood glucose level and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities, and higher glycogen and insulin concentrations and glucokinase (GK) activity compared with NC and HF groups. The results of this study illustrate that both oryzanol and ferulic acid could reduce the risk of high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia via regulation of insulin secretion and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities.     

The Beneficial Effect of Propolis on Fat Accumulation and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

ABSTRACT:  This study examined whether propolis, which had many biological activities, affected body fat and lipid metabolism. Four-week-old Wistar rats were fed a control or propolis diet for 8 wk. The control group was fed a high-fat diet, the low and the high group were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% (w/w) and 0.05% (w/w) propolis, respectively. The weight of total white adipose tissue of the high group was lower than that of the control group. The level of PPARγ protein in the adipose tissues of the high group was significantly lower than that of the control group. In plasma and the liver, the high group showed a significantly reduced level of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to the control group. The liver PPARα protein level of the high group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The liver HMG-CoA reductase protein in the high group was also significantly lower than that in the control group. Results from rats on an olive oil loading test were used to investigate whether propolis inhibited triglyceride absorption. The serum triglyceride level of the group, which received propolis corresponding to the daily dose of the high group, was significantly lower than that of the control group. It is possible that the administration of propolis improves the accumulation of body fat and dyslipidemia via the change of the expression of proteins involved in adipose depot and lipid metabolism.     

驴乳抑制胰岛素抵抗形成与氨基酸代谢的相关性

目的探讨驴乳(donkeymilk,DM)抑制高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗形成与氨基酸代谢的相关性。方法将36只C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为空白对照(Con)组,高脂饮食(high fat diet, HFD)组和HFD+驴乳组。给予空白对照组小鼠普通饲料及生理盐水灌胃, HFD组给予高脂饲料及生理盐水灌胃, HFD+驴乳组给予高脂饲料,并且每天按0.1 mL/10 g驴乳灌胃。饮食和驴乳干预8周后,检测各组小鼠血糖血脂水平和胰岛素敏感性,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定小鼠血浆靶标氨基酸含量,结合SIMCA-P软件对氨基酸数据进行PLS-DA分析,并分析变化的靶标氨基酸与血糖血脂水平的相关性。结果高脂饮食诱导8周,与Con组小鼠相比,HFD组小鼠体重、随机血糖(glucose, GLU)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)水平、口服葡萄糖耐量(oral glucose tolerancetest,OGTT)曲线下面积、胰岛素耐量曲线下面积和空腹血清胰岛素水平显著升高(P0.05),胰岛素敏感指数下降(P0.05)。与HFD组相比, HFD+驴乳组体重、GLU、TC和甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)水平、OGTT曲线下面积显著降低(P0.05)。与空白对照组小鼠比较,HFD组小鼠血清中丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量升高,赖氨酸含量降低(P0.05);与HFD组比较,HFD+驴乳组中的半胱氨酸含量显著降低(P0.01)。PLS-DA分析结果显示驴乳给予后小鼠血清氨基酸代谢谱较模型组发生了显著变化。Pearson相关分析显示,脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸分别与空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、GLU、TC水平呈显著性正相关(P0.05)。结论驴乳能够延缓高脂饮食诱导小鼠胰岛素抵抗的发生,并且驴乳能够影响胰岛素抵抗小鼠的血清氨基酸代谢谱,被改变的半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸的代谢与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展密切相关。     

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid-rich diacylglycerols ameliorate hepatic steatosis and alter hepatic gene expressions in C57BL/6J-Lep(ob/ob) mice

We examined the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched structured lipids-diacylglycerol (SL-DG), which were synthesized using soybean oil (SO) and algae oil (AO), on hepatic lipid metabolism and the mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic steatosis of C57BL/6J-Lep(ob/ob) compared to the SL-triacylglycerol (TG). The animals were fed a high-fat (10% lard and 10% test oils) and high-cholesterol (0.2% cholesterol) diet for 12 weeks. Mice fed SL-DG showed a lower total white adipose tissue weight and plasma triglyceride concentration than the SO group. Reduction of hepatic triglyceride content in the SL-DG group was related with the suppression of hepatic enzyme activities for fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis along with fecal triglyceride excretion compared to the SL-TG. SL-DG also lowered hepatic cholesterol levels by suppressing cholesterol regulating enzyme activity compared to the SO group. Moreover, SL-DG lowered the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and its target genes than TG-form oils (SO, AO and SL-TG) in the liver. Thus, the current results suggest that DHA-enriched SL-DG oil used in this study is beneficial for ameliorating hepatic steatosis in obese animal model by improving hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol metabolic enzyme activity and their gene expression.     

两种乳酸杆菌对肥胖小鼠的干预作用

目的：探讨两种乳酸杆菌对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的干预作用。方法：将72 只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分成6 组,分别为普通饲料组、高脂饲料组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus casei NCU011054低剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus casei NCU011054高剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus acidophilus NCU433低剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus acidophilus NCU433高剂量组。每周对小鼠称体质量,并在第9周末（动物实验结束）处死小鼠,测定小鼠空腹血糖浓度、Lee’s指数、器官指数及器官功能指标水平、血清生化指标水平、血清瘦素和脂联素质量浓度、肝脏氧化应激指标水平、肝脏胆固醇（cholesterol,TC）和甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）含量,制作脂肪组织病理切片观察脂肪细胞形态和分化情况,检测小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量。结果：两株乳酸杆菌显著降低了小鼠体质量增量、Lee’s指数、空腹血糖浓度以及血清中TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和血清瘦素水平（P＜0.05）,并显著升高了血清中高密度脂蛋白和脂联素水平（P＜0.05）。此外,乳酸杆菌的摄入有效抑制了肥胖小鼠脂肪细胞的分化并改善了肝脏脂代谢紊乱。结论：两株乳酸杆菌对肥胖小鼠具有有效的干预作用,其能够通过调节小鼠体内脂类相关水平的变化发挥作用。     

Modulation of lipid metabolism by polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract improves liver steatosis and adiposity in high fat fed mice

This study investigated the influence of polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract (GSE) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and its underlying mechanisms based on adipose and hepatic lipid metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or a HFD (20% fat, w/w) with or without GSE (0.15%, w/w) for 10 weeks. The supplementation of GSE significantly lowered body weight, fat weight, plasma free fatty acid level, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared to the HFD group. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower, while the plasma adiponectin level was higher in the GSE group than in the HFD group. GSE supplementation significantly suppressed the activities of lipogenic enzymes in both adipose and liver tissues, which was concomitant with β‐oxidation activation. Furthermore, GSE reversed the HFD‐induced changes of the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and β‐oxidation in the liver. These findings suggest that GSE may protect against diet‐induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis by regulating mRNA expression and/or activities of enzymes that regulate lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the adipose tissue and liver.     

TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油对脂代谢的调节作用

目的:探究TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油的制备及对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢的调节作用。方法:脂质体包埋技术制备TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油。将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠（6周龄）随机分为对照组（C）、模型组（M）、TG-DHA高含量鱼油组（O-DHA）、TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油组（L-DHA）。连续灌胃8周后,检测小鼠血清、肝脏脂质水平;测定肝脏脂代谢相关基因脂肪酸合成酶（Fatty acid synthase,FAS）、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c （Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c）、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1（Carnitine palmitoyl transferase,CPT1）、脂蛋白脂酶（Lipoprotein lipase,LPL） mRNA表达量。结果:脂质体包埋掩盖了己醛、2,4-庚二烯醛等鱼油中的腥味物质。TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油中的DHA含量为73.74%,粒径为159.50 nm,Zeta电位为-43.10 mV,稳定性良好,且在动物体内易于被消化吸收。L-DHA可显著改善高脂饮食小鼠血清和肝脏脂质水平（P<0.05）,O-DHA可显著改善高脂饮食小鼠血清水平和肝脏中的TG含量（P<0.05）,二者均能极显著降低FAS mRNA表达（P<0.01）,显著上调CPT1 mRNA表达（P<0.05）,且L-DHA效果更好。结论:TG-DHA高含量脱腥鱼油可改善高脂饮食导致的脂代谢紊乱,其机制与下调肝脏脂肪酸合成,促进脂肪酸分解代谢有关。     

Chestnut (Castanea crenata) inner shell extract inhibits development of hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet

The effects of chestnut inner shell extract (CISE) on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated. Hepatic triacylglycerol and plasma lipid levels decreased significantly in CISE-administered mice compared to control group. Relative mRNA expression levels for lipogenic genes SREBP-1c, FAS, ACCs, ACAT, and HMG-CoA were significantly decreased in CISE-administered mice (P < 0.05). CISE suppressed FAS and HMG-CoA reductase activity and increased CPT activity. To determine the active compound of CISE, the fractionation of CISE have conducted and resulted in the isolation of scoparone and scopoletin, as main compounds contained in CISE. Based on these results, we speculate that the inhibitory effect on hepatic steatosis of CISE containing scoparone and scopoletin may be the result of suppression of lipid synthesis and the acceleration of fatty acid oxidation in mice fed HFD, suggesting that CISE may be beneficial in preventing hepatic steatosis.     

A Combination of Grape Seed-Derived Procyanidins and Gypenosides Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Mice and HepG2 Cells

ABSTRACT:  This study investigated the effects of grape seed-derived procyanidins (GSP), gypenosides (GPE), and combination procyanidins/gypenosides on insulin resistance in mice and HepG2 cells. ICR mice were randomly divided into 2 control and 4 treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed high-fat diet with either 80 mg/kg of GSP (GSP80), GPE (GPE80), GSP + GPE (1: 1, GSP40 + GPE40), or 500 mg/kg of metformin for a 6-wk period. All the groups of mice except the normal control were on high-fat diet along with fructose (15%) administered in drinking water throughout the period of treatment. An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model was developed after 24 h of 5 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L insulin incubation. The treatment of GPE80 could significantly reduce the index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and increase hepatic glycogen concentration, compared with HFD group ( P < 0.05). When GSP and GPE were administered simultaneously, synergic effects were observed in decreasing the HOMA-IR index and serum total cholesterol (TC) level and enhancing glucose tolerance. All treatment groups showed considerable raise of hepatic glucokinase activity ( P < 0.05 compared with HFD group). GSP application increased the consumption of extracellular glucose in HepG2 cells. Our data suggest that the combination of GSP and GPE may have functional efficacy in consumers with insulin resistance.     

Anti-obesity effects of highly polymeric proanthocyanidins from seed shells of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume)

Recently, we have shown that seed shells contain a large amount of highly polymeric proanthocyanidins having a series of heteropolyflavan-3-ols with doubly linked A-type linkages as well as single B-type bonds without gallic acid esterified to them. Here, we attempted to evaluate in vivo anti-obesity effects of the polymerized proanthocyanidins in mice. An oral starch or glucose tolerance test in mice revealed that the isolated two fractions of highly polymerized proanthocyanidins with the different degree of polymerization suppressed effectively the elevation of blood glucose from oral starch, but not from oral glucose, suggesting the preferential inhibition of the digestive enzymes of carbohydrates. Moreover, in vivo anti-obesity effects of the total fraction containing the proanthocyanidins as a drink were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet. Their anti-obesity effects became more evident after 9 weeks as determined by the attenuation of the elevation in body weight, the mass of peritoneal adipose tissues, and the plasma levels of total cholesterol and leptin. Furthermore, the increased size of hepatocytes and the generation of steatosis with micro- and macrovesicles in liver were normalized by the dietary supplementation of the total proanthocyanidin fraction.The findings suggest the usefulness of highly polymeric proanthocyanidins from seed shells in the application to food as a dietary supplement with anti-obesity effects in vivo through the inhibition of digestive enzymes of carbohydrates and fats.     

低GI杂粮可可冲调粉辅助降血糖作用

目的:研究低GI杂粮可可冲调粉（Multigrain Cocoa Powder,C-MGP）对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法:52只雄性SPF级小鼠随机分为6组,包括正常对照组、模型组、二甲双胍组、冲调粉低、中、高剂量组（5%、10%、30% C-MGP）。正常对照组小鼠喂养基础饲料,模型组和二甲双胍组小鼠喂养高糖高脂饲料,冲调粉低剂量组（5% C-MGP）、中剂量组（10% C-MGP）、高剂量组（30% C-MGP）小鼠分别喂养含5%（质量分数）、10%（质量分数）、30%（质量分数）C-MGP的高糖高脂饲料。高脂饲料喂养四周后,小鼠腹腔注射30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠模型。造模成功后,继续喂养4周,并测定小鼠基础指标和糖脂代谢等相关指标的变化。结果:经过高脂饲料联合STZ诱导,与模型组相比,10% C-MGP和30% C-MGP摄食量、饮水量均极显著降低（P<0.01）,体重极显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,30% C-MGP显著降低了STZ诱导糖尿病小鼠的肝脏、肾脏指数,降低了空腹血糖水平（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（GHb）、空腹胰岛素水平（FINS）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,提高了葡萄糖耐量（GT）,改善了血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平,极显著促进了肝糖原（HG）合成（P<0.01）,改善了肝脏脂肪堆积,极显著提高了血清胰高血糖素样肽（GLP-1）含量（P<0.01）,极显著降低了血清脂多糖（LPS）水平（P<0.01）。结论:30% C-MGP具有调节STZ诱导糖尿病小鼠的糖脂代谢,减轻糖尿病症状的作用,具有进一步开发利用的价值。     

鱼胶原蛋白肽对高脂膳食小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响

目的：研究鱼胶原蛋白肽（fish collagen peptides,FCPs）对高脂膳食（high-fat diet,HFD）小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响。方法：54?只C57BL/6雄性小鼠按体质量随机分为正常膳食组（CON）、HFD组（HF）和FCPs干预HFD组（PHF）。每周记录各组小鼠体质量,并按体质量把每组小鼠随机均分为两批,分别在第11和22周宰杀,测定采食量、脂肪表观消化率;肝脏中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）含量;肝脏脂代谢相关基因乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1、脂肪酸合成酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c、胆固醇7α-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1,CYP7A1）、过氧化物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPARα）和肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1（carnitine palmity1 transferase 1,CPT1）的mRNA表达水平,肝脏氧化还原状态相关指标活性氧自由基（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、丙二醛、总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力和还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽的水平。结果：第22周时,与HF组相比,PHF组小鼠的采食量、脂肪和能量摄入显著增加（P＜0.05）,肝脏的TG、FFA、脂肪空泡和脂肪浸润面积比明显降低（P＜0.05）,脂肪分解关键基因CYP7A1、PPARα和CPT1的mRNA表达水平显著上调（P＜0.05）,肝脏的ROS水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,T-AOC水平和GSH-Px活力显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：质量分数1% FCPs干预可能通过改善HFD小鼠肝脏氧化还原状态,促进肝脏脂肪分解代谢,起到减少小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积和改善脂代谢。     

海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对小鼠胰岛素抵抗及炎症因子的影响

目的：比较研究海地瓜岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（fucoidan from Acaudina molpadioidea,Am-FUC）和美国肉参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（fucoidan from Isostichopus badionotus,Ib-FUC）对肥胖小鼠胰岛素抵抗及相关炎症因子的改善作用。方法：以高脂高果糖饲料饲喂法建立胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、实验A、B、C、D组。正常对照组饲喂标准饲料,其他组饲喂高脂高果糖饲料。阳性对照组、实验A、B、C、D组分别在饲料中添加罗格列酮（rosiglitazone,RSG,1 mg/（kg·d））、低剂量Ib-FUC（20 mg/（kg·d））、高剂量Ib-FUC（80 mg/（kg·d））、低剂量Am-FUC（20 mg/（kg·d））、高剂量Am-FUC（80 mg/（kg·d））。各组小鼠自由摄食摄水120 d。实验结束后,称量小鼠白色脂肪质量,检测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、瘦素、脂联素水平。结果：2 种FUC均可极显著地降低胰岛素抵抗小鼠的脂肪积累（P＜0.01）,降低血糖（P＜0.01）和胰岛素（P＜0.01）水平,改善胰岛素抵抗（P＜0.01）,降低TNF-α（P＜0.01）、IL-6（P＜0.01）和瘦素（P＜0.01）含量,提高血清脂联素含量（P＜0.01）。Am-FUC效果优于Ib-FUC。结论：Am-FUC和Ib-FUC能显著改善胰岛素抵抗小鼠的高血糖症状及胰岛素抵抗程度,Am-FUC的效果优于Ib-FUC,其作用机制可能与改善肥胖引起的细胞因子的分泌有关。