改性粉煤灰对有机废水的吸附试验研究

将粉煤灰改性后对印染废水进行了吸附研究,找到较好的工艺条件与吸附效果。结果表明：对于COD20～150mg／L的印染废水溶液,粉煤灰用量以40g/L为宜,pH值为4．0,脱色率在32％以上。用0．1mol／L硫酸改性粉煤灰吸附印染废水的pH为4．0,投加量为24g／L,脱色率在47％以上,吸附处理后染料废水COD为76mg／L,COD去除率为21％。     

改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的试验研究

通过比较不同改性剂改性的粉煤灰对印染废水的处理效果,验证了Ca（OHh改性粉煤灰的优越性,并对影响废水处理效果的主要操作条件进行了试验研究,确定了最佳反应条件。研究表明,改性粉煤灰的投加量、pH、吸附时间等对废水的处理效果影响很大。投加量为20g／L、pH=8、吸附时间为30min为最佳操作条件,脱色率、CODcr、SS去除率分别达到98．2％,80．9％,72．3％。改性粉煤灰不但能有效处理印染废水,并且处理后的粉煤灰可以用来制砖或水泥。     

改性膨润土处理印染废水的研究

膨润土矿主要组分蒙脱石具有独特的晶体结构，拥有良好的阳离子交换性能和高比表面积等特性。但膨润土直接用于处理染料废水几乎没有处理效果，在使用前须进行转型和改性。本研究的目的是通过对膨润土的改性，提高其对染料废水的处理效果。改性膨润土吸附剂在投加量为2．5g／L时，处理实际印染废水，可使COD为1227mg／L、色度为260的印染废水脱色率达到95％以上，COD去除率达到56％。     

改性焦渣复合吸附剂处理印染废水研究

实验研究了改性焦渣复合吸附剂热处理印染废水时各种因素的影响,结果表明：用十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液改性焦渣并与活性炭质量比按10：1制成复合吸附剂,处理印染废水,在吸附剂用量为废水量0．4％,pH值控制在6,废水水温20℃,吸附时间20min的实验条件下,脱色率达90．8％,COD去除率达84．8％,SS去除率达到90．2％,处理效果良好。     

改性粉煤灰处理含铬（Ⅵ）废水的研究

文章对改性粉煤灰处理含铬（VI）废水进行了研究。通过实验考察了改性粉煤灰加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度和废水的pH对废水中铬（VI）去除率的影响。实验结果表明,改性粉煤灰处理含铬（Ⅵ）废水的最佳工艺条件为：改性粉煤灰加入量为1．5g,吸附时间为10min,吸附温度为25℃,废水的pH为6．0。在此条件下可使50mL模拟含铬废水中铬（VI）浓度由10mg／L降到0．47mg／L,铬（VI）去除率达95％以上,达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》。     

改性粉煤灰对甲基橙废水的电化学氧化

以酸和碱为改性剂,制备改性粉煤灰。考察了不同反应条件改性粉煤灰作为粒子电极对甲基橙染料废水脱色率的影响。试验结果表明：在室温下反应时间为15min、甲基橙初始浓度为100mg／L、改性剂用量为10g／L、电流密度为95mA／cm^2、0．48gNaCl的最佳条件下,甲基橙的脱色率高达96．21％;在最佳反应条件下电解65min,COD去除率可达76.8％。     

阳离子型改性粉煤灰吸附处理印染废水

采用高分子聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、阳离子型聚季铵盐(BT-3)和粉煤灰自制新型混凝剂(阳离子型改性粉煤灰)处理印染废水,并考察了原粉煤灰、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和新型混凝剂对印染废水的处理效果。结果表明:复合混凝剂处理印染废水具有成本低、效果好的特点,当改性粉煤灰投加浓度为12 g/L,吸附时间为55 min,pH=9,反应温度为25℃时,印染废水的脱色率可达97%以上。     

阳离子PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的试验研究

采用高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）对粉煤灰进行改性,并利用改性粉煤灰、原状粉煤灰（FA）、PDMDAAC对印染废水进行混凝脱色试验。在最佳的试验条件下,PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰对废水的脱色率高达87．4％以上。     

生物质吸附剂——改性玉米芯对印染废水脱色性能研究

研究了生物质吸附剂--改性玉米芯对印染废水的脱色特性.考察了吸附时间、pH值、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、温度、染料结构等对印染废水脱色效果的影响,发现主要影响因素为吸附时间、pH值和初始浓度.改性玉米芯时50 mL印染废水脱色的最佳处理条件为:pH值2、对酸性大红和直接深蓝的吸附时间分别为60 min和30 min、初始浓度50 mg·L-1、吸附剂用量1.0 g.在此条件下,脱色率可迭95%以上,实现了以废治废、变废为宝的目的.     

粉煤灰负载型催化剂的制备与催化应用

选择硫酸铝对粉煤灰进行改性,通过合适的方法负载金属氧化物,制备负载型催化剂。采用甲基橙为模拟废水,双氧水为氧化剂,评价催化剂的催化活性。结果表明：0.3g催化剂,3mL双氧水,70℃下处理100mL质量浓度为750mg/L的模拟废水,脱色率可达99%以上,催化氧化处理实际的印染废水,脱色率可达99%以上,COD的去除率达95%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。