中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离研究现状与展望

本文综述了中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离的研究进展,包括中空纤维支撑膜的制备、复合膜的制备方法、中空纤维渗透汽化膜的工业应用和中空纤维渗透汽化膜传质特性等几个方面,对这个方面所存在的问题以及今后发展方向进行了展望.     

渗透汽化膜组件在有机物-水体系中的应用

介绍了渗透汽化(PV)技术中采用的膜组件的种类及开发现状,论述了近年来渗透汽化膜组件在有机物脱水、水中有机物回收及水中挥发性物质脱除方面的应用状况,探讨了渗透汽化膜组件研究中存在的问题,指出了其未来发展的方向.认为开发新型的膜组件,降低使用膜组件的费用以及开发具有高选择性且稳定性好的PV膜是未来研究的重点;应深入研究膜及膜组件的传质动力学,取得关于膜性能、膜组件构形和过程设计等方面的信息;并将PV膜组件和其他工业过程整合成为一个高效的体系.     

中空纤维膜脱除烟气中CO2的应用与发展

温室气体的排放导致的全球气候变暖问题愈来愈严重,其中主要的温室气体CO_2的捕集与固存技术发展刻不容缓。通过膜分离技术进行烟气中CO_2的脱除,能有效的解决脱除工业废气中的CO_2的难题。目前,利用中空纤维膜来脱除烟气中的CO_2得到了很好的发展利用。本文介绍了不同中空纤维膜材料及组件形式、工艺条件等方面的研究,阐述了中空纤维膜组件几何结构、操作条件等对脱碳的影响。     

聚氨酯渗透汽化膜的研究进展

聚氨酯膜材料具有良好的选择性、渗透性和力学性能等,近年来在渗透汽化领域倍受关注。本文综述了用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯及其改性膜的研究情况及最新进展,重点评述了以聚丁二烯、聚酯和聚醚为软段的PU渗透汽化膜材料结构特点、合成方法、分离性能,以及共混、填充和接枝3种改性方法的反应原理,改性思路、对PU膜分子结构和分离性能的影响等;同时分析了不同材料和改性方法在渗透汽化膜分离方面的优点和不足。在此基础上,对用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯膜材料发展方向和研究前景进行了展望。     

渗透汽化在酯水体系分离中的应用

概述了渗透汽化膜分离技术在酯水体系分离中的应用,着重介绍了渗透汽化-酯化反应耦联膜反应器的动力学模型、膜材料、膜组件及其工业应用实例,指出了新的膜材料的开发与改性、以及全新概念的膜组件设计将是今后膜技术在食品工业中应用研究的重点。     

优先透水渗透汽化膜的研究

本文将聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖混合物涂到聚丙烯腈中空纤维内表面制备用于渗透汽化过程的中空纤维复合膜，研究不同的聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖共混组成对膜分离性能的影响，通过适当交联，使膜性能稳定，用于渗透汽化过程分离乙醇－水混合液时，进料乙醇浓度０．９５，温度４８℃，膜分离因子１００～２００，渗透通量４０～７０ｇ／ｍ＾２．ｈ。     

连续渗透汽化过程工艺设计与优化

介绍了两种渗透汽化膜分离过程工艺及膜的分离性能，提出了连续渗透汽化逐级级联计算，并对中试装置的运行结果进行了验算；其次对醇水混合物的连续分离进行了过程优化计算，计算了两种级联方式的级联数和加热段数。结果表明，在相同条件下，等温级联换热过程比等膜面积换热级联过程更有利于对醇水混合物的连续分离。本文提出的级联计算方法可用于渗透汽化膜分离醇水混合物的工业过程放大设计。     

中空纤维帘式与平板式膜组件在浸没式MBR中的对比试用研究

选取两种不同结构类型的膜组件进行化工废水处理的中试应用研究,对比研究了MBR膜系统的最佳气水比、临界膜通量、膜系统的分离与处理效果以及膜的污染和清洗方式.中试结果表明,在该类废水处理中,中空纤维帘式膜组件的最佳气水比为24,平板式膜组件的最佳气水比为20;在同等曝气强度下,用流量阶梯法测得,中空纤维帘式膜组件的临界膜通量为20L·m-2·h-1,平板式膜组件的临界膜通量为25 L·m-2·h-1;两组膜在处理和分离效果上相差不大;在抗污染性能上,平板式膜组件更具优势,而且平板式膜组件更容易通过物理清洗-空曝气的方式使膜通量得以部分恢复,用次氯酸钠(NaClO)溶液对膜组件进行化学清洗,均能获得较好的通量恢复效果.     

渗透汽化膜的制备及其应用进展

渗透汽化（pervaportion, PV）作为一种新颖的分离技术在工业范围内得以应用,至关重要的是它在恒沸混合物、近沸混合物分离方面的显著优势。相比分馏、精馏、萃取等传统分离方法,渗透汽化技术具有经济、高效、便于管理的优点,但目前缺少优质的渗透汽化膜材料和先进的膜制备方法。本文综述了近年来渗透汽化技术以及渗透汽化膜的研究现状,首先介绍了PV技术的分离机理、PV膜的制备方法、PV技术在工业上的应用领域等,并重点讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、料液流速、膜上下游蒸汽压差、膜材料等关键因素对渗透汽化分离性能的影响。文中提出未来渗透汽化技术应在膜材料方面积极探索,选用聚合物为材料,并结合先进的膜制备方法来进一步降低膜的厚度,从而明显地提高膜渗透通量。     

中空纤维膜的研究现状与发展

本文综述了中空纤维膜近年来国内外在反渗透、超滤、微滤及气体分离方面的开发应用现状。重点介绍了在渗透汽化、膜萃取、膜蒸馏等过程中的最新研究状况，并提出了对发展中空纤维膜的几点看法。     

Evaluation of hollow fiber T-type zeolite membrane modules for ethanol dehydration

This work presents the design of hollow fiber T-type zeolite membrane modules with different geometric configurations. The module performances were evaluated by pervaporation dehydration of ethanol/water mixtures. Strong concentration polarization was found for the modules with big membrane bundles. The concen-tration polarization was enhanced at high temperature due to the higher water permeation flux. The increase of feed flow could improve water permeation flux for the membrane modules with small membrane bundle. Computational fluid dynamics was used to visualize the flow field distribution inside of the modules with different configurations. The membrane module with seven bundles exhibited highest separation efficiency due to the uniform distribution of flow rate. The packing density could be 10 times higher than that of the tubular membrane module. The hollow fiber membrane module exhibited good stability for ethanol dehydration.     

Permeate pressure build-up in shellside-fed hollow fiber pervaporation membranes

Pervaporation of water, ethanol and isopropanol through polydimethylsiloxane hollow fiber membranes was studied, with emphasis on elucidating the significance of permeate pressure build-up inside the fibers when the shell-feed mode of operation was used. The differential form of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used to describe the permeate pressure profile, and the theoretical predictions of permeate productivity were confirmed by experimental data. A parametric analysis showed that the dimensions of the hollow fiber (inside and outside diameters, and length) significantly affected the overall pervaporation performance of a hollow fiber membrane module, and the fiber dimensions must be optimized in order to achieve high productivity.     

Mechanical analysis of hollow fiber membrane integrity in water reuse applications

In order to gain insight into membrane fiber failure (i.e., loss of integrity), properties of five hollow fiber membranes and four hollow fiber modules were evaluated. Specifically, membrane material, membrane symmetry, fiber modulus of elasticity, fiber diameter and thickness, module potting technique, module flow pattern (inside-out or outside-in), and coliform breakthrough were investigated. The approach combined evaluation of the above properties with mathematical modeling of structure-fluid interactions to comprehensively evaluate the properties most important for maintaining hollow fiber membrane integrity. Tensile strength testing revealed that the strongest fiber was an asymmetric polyacrylonitrile membrane fiber. The weakest fiber was a symmetric polyethylene membrane fiber. Pilot plant testing on the four membrane modules revealed that membrane symmetry may be a more important factor than potting technique for hollow fiber integrity. Results from the SEM and tensile testing were used as input to a finite element analysis model used to evaluate time-dependent structure-fluid interactions. It was found that additional stresses at the juncture of the potting material and the hollow fiber membranes exist. These stresses likely lead to the formation of fractures.     

影响渗透汽化中空纤维复合膜分离性能的制备工艺研究

采用聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为分离层的模材料,以浸涂工艺把ＰＶＡ复合到聚砜（ＰＳ）或聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）的中空纤维支撑层上,在长度为０．４ｍ的不锈钢管中组装若干根中空纤维复合膜测定对乙醇水溶液的渗透汽化（ＰＶ）分离性能。结果表明,ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ中空纤维复合膜的性能优于ＰＶＡ／ＰＳ,内径较大（１．３ｍｍ）的优于内径上（０．４ｍｍ）者,ＰＶＡ水溶液在中空纤维支撑层上的涂复次数对复合膜ＰＶ分离性能、以及ＰＶＡ／     

PDMS/ZIF-8 coating polymeric hollow fiber substrate for alcohol permselective pervaporation membranes

In order to develop high performance composite membranes for alcohol permselective pervaporation (PV), poly (dimethylsiloxane)/ZIF-8 (PDMS/ZIF-8) coated polymeric hollow fiber membranes were studied in this research. First, PDMS was used for the active layer, and Torlon®, PVDF, Ultem®, and Matrimid® with different porosity were used as support layer for fabrication of hollow fiber composite membranes. The performance of the membranes varied with different hollow fiber substrates was investigated. Pure gas permeance of the hollow fiber was tested to investigate the pore size of all fibers. The effect of support layer on the mass transfer in hydrophobic PV composite membrane was investigated. The results show that proper porosity and pore diameter of the support are demanded to minimize the Knudsen effect. Based on the result, ZIF-8 was introduced to prepare more selective separation layer, in order to improve the PV performance. The PDMS/ZIF-8/Torlon® membrane had a separation factor of 8.9 and a total flux of 847 g·m^-2·h^-1. This hollow fiber PDMS/ZIF-8/Torlon® composite membrane has a great potential in the industrial application.     

Pervaporation of water/alcohol mixtures through chitosan/cellulose acetate composite hollow‐fiber membranes

For the purpose of separating aqueous alcohol by the use of pervaporation technique, a composite membrane of chitosan (CT) dip‐coated cellulose acetate (CA) hollow‐fiber membranes, CT‐d‐CA, was investigated. The effects of air‐gap distance in the spinning of CA hollow‐fiber membranes, chitosan concentration, and sorts of aqueous alcohol solutions on the pervaporation performances were studied. Compared with unmodified CA hollow‐fiber membrane, the CT‐d‐CA composite hollow‐fiber membrane effectively increases the permselectivity of water. The thickness of coating layer increases with an increase in chitosan concentration. As the concentration of chitosan solution increased, the permeation rate decreased and the concentration of water in the permeate increased. In addition, the effects of feed composition and feed solution temperature on the pervaporation performances were also investigated. The permeation rate and water content in permeate at 25°C for a 90 wt % aqueous isopropanol solution through the CT‐d‐CA composite hollow‐fiber membrane with a 5‐cm air‐gap distance spun, 2 wt % chitosan dip‐coated system were 169.5 g/m² h and 98.9 wt %, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1562–1568, 2004     

Dynamic layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of organic–inorganic composite hollow fiber membranes

Multilayer membranes constructed layer‐by‐layer (LbL) is finding increasing importance in many separation applications. The efficient construction of LbL multilayer on to hollow fiber substrates may offer many new opportunities for industrial applications. An organic–inorganic composite hollow fiber membrane has been developed using a dynamic LbL self‐assembly. This poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethyleneimine) multilayer was dynamically assembled onto the inner surfaces of ceramic hollow fiber porous substrates pretreated by Dynasylan Ameo silane coupling agents. The hollow fibers were subsequently heat crosslinked to obtain stable permselective membranes. The formation of multilayers on the hollow fibers was characterized with a SEM, EDX, an electrokinetic analyzer and IR spectra. The effects of layer number, feed temperature and water content in the feed on the pervaporation performance have been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of LbL assembly of polymer building blocks onto ceramic hollow fiber porous substrates. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3176–3182, 2012     

Solvent treatment of CTA hollow fiber membrane and its pervaporation performance for organic/organic mixture

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) hollow fiber membrane used to separate methanol/methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by pervaporation (PV) has been prepared from CTA hollow fiber reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for desalination of brackish water with high salinity. Acetone was selected as a modification agent of CTA membrane. PV performance depended on the solvent concentration, the treatment time and modification temperature of CTA RO hollow fiber membrane soaked in the aqueous acetone. The results show that CTA hollow fiber membrane modified with the solvent has a superior performance both the separation factor and the permeate flux in the PV experiment conditions.     

中空纤维膜吸收烟气二氧化硫

本文综述了国内外用膜吸收法治理烟气二氧化硫的研究现状,对采用中空纤维膜吸收过程中的膜组件操作方式、吸收剂、膜材料以及工艺参数的选择进行了介绍,并应用双膜理论对中空纤维膜吸收二氧化硫过程中的各分传质系数和总传质系数进行了推导,初步探讨了建立膜吸收过程数学模型的方法。