活性染料R_f值和织物回潮率对轧染色差的影响

针对活性染料轧染存在前后色差问题,从染料的直接性、半制品的含潮率及固色碱液中染料的加入量等方面,探讨了活性染料轧染同一批次内前后色差产生的原因,提出除测定单只染料的比移值外,还应在处方确定后,测定染液中各染料的扩散是否同步,以判断拼色的合理性,选择比移值较大的染料;前处理烘干落布应采用大卷装加包布;固色时初开车染料的加入量与染色深度成近似线性关系。     

液体井矿盐在棉活性染料二浴法轧染中的应用

对液体井矿盐在棉织物活性染料二浴法轧染中的工艺应用做了一系列试验,结果显示,液体井矿盐用于棉织物活性染料二浴法轧染可完全代替工业食盐和元明粉,但不同型号的活性染料二浴法轧染效果区别较大,相同型号不同浓度的活性染料二浴法染色效果也可能有较大区别。     

活性染料轧染法的染液浓度平衡和染料选择

本文从活性染料的染色性能出发，对活性染料轧染法中轧槽染液浓度的平衡及减少前后色差的染料选择进行了探讨。重点讨论了染料类型，浓度，补充液的加成等对染色的影响。     

活性染料染色新技术(二)

活性染料湿短蒸染色 轧染是活性染料重要的染色方式之一,但通常在轧染工艺中,织物经过浸轧染液后都需要进行中间烘干,以利于后续汽蒸或焙烘固色时提高加工速度和减少染料水解,获得高的固色率和色牢度.     

活性染料连续轧染的仿样技术

活性染料连续轧染往往存在小样与大样,或放样与连续生产样之间的符样率低的问题.试验表明,选择使用亲和力较低而且相近的染料拼染,正确掌握大小样轧余率,统一大小样浸轧的时间,恰当把握始染液的冲淡率和固色液中的染液追加量,认真做好放样前的复样工作,是提高活性染料轧染仿样符样率的关键.     

双氰胺在涤棉混纺织物分散/活性染料同浴热溶固色法轧染工艺中的应用

在涤棉混纺织物分散/K型活性染料同浴热溶轧染工艺中,用双氰胺代替常规染液中的尿素,提高了活性染料的固色率,减少了碱剂的用量,提高了染液的稳定性,克服了应用尿素做助溶剂在焙烘时产生有毒烟雾污染环境、污染设备的弊病,染色成本则略有降低。     

活性染料染色综述和发展(下)

三、轧染工艺 (一)纯棉纺织品染色纯棉纺织品采用活性染料轧染工艺也很多。最常应用的是所谓一相法工艺,即将活性染料和固色碱剂配成染液后,浸轧、烘于和汽蒸(或焙烘)固色后,再经水洗、皂洗、水洗即可。活性染料可以选用多种品种,固色碱剂多半用碱性较弱的碱剂,例如小苏打等。另一种工艺,即所谓两相法工艺,染料     

灯芯绒活性染料轧染露底的起因与改善

灯芯绒活性染料连续轧染产生露底现象，是由于拼色染料直接性差异，在连续轧染的中间烘燥过程中产生不一致的泳移形成的。这种现象在绒类织物中更为突出，本文介绍了合理选择染料组合拼色，采用冷轧堆或湿蒸工艺等改善灯芯绒活性染料连续轧染露底的三种途径。     

活性染料轧烘轧蒸工艺的几个问题

在活性染料连续轧染生产中，经常会产生头尾色差、色光波动以及色牢度差等问题。染料的直接性是影响头尾色差的主要因素，可依据测试染料的直接性，计算轧槽染液的浓度，并确定追加和冲淡，制订改进措施；色泽波动的主要影响因素为轧槽液位、车速、预烘和固色；解决色牢度问题除仔细筛选染料外，还应采用湿摩擦牢度增进剂进行处理。     

柠檬酸对棉织物茶多酚轧染工艺的影响

在茶多酚染液中加入柠檬酸对棉织物进行轧染,研究了柠檬酸浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间对染色织物表观得色量和断裂强力的影响.结果表明,随着柠檬酸浓度增加、焙烘温度升高和焙烘时间延长,织物表观得色量提高,断裂强力下降.采用不同的权重可得到不同的轧染工艺条件.在染液中加入尿素进行强力改善后,织物断裂强力大幅提高.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the