Pr0.3TbxDy0.7-xFe1.9Ti0.1合金结构和磁致伸缩

采用电弧熔炼方法制备了Pr0.3TbxDy0.7-xFe1.9Ti0.1(x=0.18～0.21)合金,对样品进行不同条件退火处理,并测量了其磁性能。结果表明:退火前样品都有杂相,并且第二相很大程度上影响样品磁致伸缩;700℃,6d退火处理没有有效消除杂相,样品磁致伸缩没有明显得到改善;而900℃,3d退火处理有效地消除了样品的杂相,尤其是x=0.21的样品,几乎呈现完美的单一的MgCu2型Laves相,磁化强度和磁致伸缩系数均有所增加,当磁场为900kA/m时该样品磁致伸缩系数达到了1.12×10-3。     

Effects of carbon on Pr0.15Tb0.30Dy0.55Fe1.85 compound

The structure, Curie temperature and magnetostriction of Pr0.15Tb0.30Dy0.55Fe1.85Cx (x=0-0.1) compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, a vibrating sample magnetometer and a standard strain technique.All the samples show entirely MgCu2-type Laves phase structure.The lattice parameter and Curie temperature increase with C content increasing.The magnetostriction at high magnetic field shows maximum value at x=0.05.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption in the Zr(Al0.1Fe0.9)2 intermetallic compound

Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of hydrogen absorption in Zr(Al_0.1Fe_0.9)₂ were investigated at pressures up to 80 atm of H₂ and temperatures between 248 K and 270 K. The heat and entropy of formation of the Zr(Al_0.1Fe_0.9)₂ hydride are estimated to be −24.7 kJ/(mole H₂) and −120 J/(K^*mole H₂), respectively. Small, well-defined samples were utilized for the kinetic research. The experimental kinetic data fit a shrinking core (sc) model, in accord with a visual examination of partly hydrided samples. The pressure dependence of the rate constants indicates an interface-controlled phase transition as the hydride formation rate-determining step. The activation energy for the hydriding process is estimated from Arrhenius plots of the reaction rates to be 0.30 eV/H atom. The kinetic data are discussed in view of similar results for additional intermetallic compounds.     

钒掺杂Cd0.9Mn0.1Te晶体生长与深能级缺陷研究

CdMnTe(碲锰镉)材料作为新一代的半导体材料,在核辐射探测领域具有很高的应用价值。本文采用Te溶液垂直布里奇曼法生长Cd0.9Mn0.1Te: V晶体,研究其光电性能及深能级缺陷的分布。紫外-可见-近红外光谱分析表明晶锭中部和尾部的禁带宽度分别为1.602 eV和1.598 eV。光致发光谱中,晶体的(D0,X)峰形尖锐,半峰宽较小,表明缺陷或杂质含量低,晶体质量好。室温I-V测试晶锭中部和尾部晶体电阻率分别为2.85×1010 Ω?cm和9.54×109 Ω?cm,漏电流分别为3 nA和8.5 nA。霍尔测试表明晶体导电类型为n型。通过热激电流谱研究了Cd0.9Mn0.1Te: V晶体中缺陷的能级和浓度,其中晶锭中部和尾部样品中源于Te反位(Te2+ Cd)的深施主能级(EDD)的值分别为0.90 eV和0.812 eV。并且深施主能级EDD使费米能级位于禁带中央,从而使晶体呈现高电阻率。     

纳米晶SmCo_(8.9)Si_(0.9)永磁合金相变特征及其磁性能变化研究

首次制备出具有高稳定性的Sm Co_(8.9)Si_(0.9)纳米晶合金,进而系统研究了亚稳相Sm Co_(8.9)Si_(0.9)的相变特征及相应的磁性能变化规律。发现添加元素Si可以有效提高过饱和固溶体亚稳相SmCo_(9.8)的稳定性,随着热处理温度的升高,SmCo_(8.9)Si_(0.9)纳米晶合金由SmCo_(9.8)(H)结构的单相转变为Sm_2Co_(17)(H)和Co(fcc)相,且伴随相变,矫顽力提高。其机理源于析出的细小Co相造成钉扎机制增强。进一步升高热处理温度,Sm_2Co_(17)(H)相转变为Sm_2Co_(17)(R)相,同时晶粒长大明显且晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,导致磁性能下降。     

Tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of spray formed Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys after two-stage aging treatment

1 Introduction Ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys have been widely used in the aerospace industry, traffic department and other areas because of high strength, light density and other excellent properties[1,2]. During the past decades, increased effo…     

Tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of spray formed All 0.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys after two-stage aging treatment

Based on the investigation of the tensile properties of spray formed ultra-high strength Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys, the high-cycle fatigue properties under different theoretical stress concentration factors were investigated, the fatigue fracture surfaces and microstructures were observed, and the fatigue mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength of spray formed Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys can reach up to 730-740 MPa, and the elongation is about 8%-10% under the condition of two-stage aging treatment. For the stress ratio is 0.1, the maximum stress for 107 cycles is over 400 MPa and 120 MPa, when the theoretical stress concentration factor is 1 and 3, respectively.     

新型复合贮氢合金Zr_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)(Ni,Co,Mn,V)_(2.1)的制备与电化学性能

采用熔铸方法制备母合金Zr0 .9Ti0 .1(Ni,Co ,Mn ,V) 2 .1,进而在母合金基础上添加吸氢剂B ,利用球磨制得 4种复合贮氢合金。X射线衍射结果表明 ,随着球磨时间的增加 ,复合合金由晶态转化为非晶态 ;电化学测试结果表明 ,复合合金经过 1～ 2次球磨就能完全活化 ,具有很好的活化性能 ;在 6 0mA/g电流下 ,复合贮氢合金C和D的稳定容量均可达到 44 0mA·h/ g左右 ,比母合金高出 80mA·h/ g ;但随着球磨时间的延长 ,所得的复合合金容量比铸态母合金的还低 ;在 30 0mA/g电流下 ,复合合金D具有较好的循环稳定性 ,经过 2 0 0次循环后其容量仅衰减 3 %。     

Effect of Pr addition on microstrcture and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy

To improve the strength, hardness and heat resistance of Mg-6Al-1Zn(AZ61) alloy, the effects of Pr addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 alloy were investigated at room and elevated temperatures by means of Brinell hardness measurement, optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and DNS100 electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the microstructures of Pr-containing AZ61 alloys were refined, with primary β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed homogeneously. When the addition of Pr is up to 1.2wt.%, the β phase becomes fi ner, and new needle-like or short-rod shaped Al11Pr3 phase and blocky AlPr phase appear. As a result, optimal tensile properties are obtained. However, greater than 1.2wt.% Pr addition leads to poorer mechanical properties due to the aggregation of the needle-like phase and large size of grains. The present research fi ndings provide a new way for strengthening of magnesium alloys at room and elevated temperatures, and a method of producing thermally-stable AZ61 magnesium alloy.     

尖晶石型LiCo0．05Ni0．05Mn1．9O3．9F0．1的合成与表征

以阴阳离子复合掺杂为基础，采用超声共沉淀法、Pechini法和高温固相法合成尖晶石型掺杂锰酸锂前驱体，使用3段热处理方式，即650℃预烧、780℃烧结、550℃回火制备得到掺杂尖晶石LiCo0．05Ni0．05Mn1.9O3．9F0.1。通过化学容量分析测定Mn含量和平均价态，用粒度分布、电镜扫描（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、电化学性能测试对产物进行表征。结果表明产物的Mn含量和平均价态与理论值吻合。3种合成方法相比，超声共沉淀法产物的粒径最窄，比表面积最小（14919cm^2／cm^3），晶型完整，衍射强度最大，结晶性能最佳，晶格常数为0．821nm，晶粒尺寸为57．48nm：经装配电池电化学性能测定，超声共沉淀法产物的比容量更高，循环性能更稳定，经30次循环后容量衰减仅7．2％。     

快淬Fe81Ga19合金薄带的相结构和磁致伸缩

采用熔体快淬法制备Fe81Ga19合金薄带,研究薄带试样的相结构和磁致伸缩性能.XRD和M-TG结果表明,快淬态Fe81Ga19合金基体为Fe(Ga)无序固溶体相,并有微量非对称结构的DO3相析出,且薄带厚度方向[100]择优取向.当测量磁场垂直带面时,薄带试样沿带长方向的饱和磁致伸缩达-1830×10-6.Fe81Ga19合金薄带的巨磁致伸缩与其大的形状各向异性、熔体快淬时合金内部形成的非对称结构的DO3相及薄带厚度方向[100]择优取向相关.     

时效温度对CuCr0.9合金组织与性能的影响

将CuCr0.9合金进行一定的变形和时效处理,分析其硬度和导电率变化,并通过显微组织分析,探讨时效温度对CuCr0.9合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,CuCr0.9合金在40%变形后,400℃及以下时效时难以充分再结晶,基体残留变形组织,而500℃以上时效时,晶粒会出现长大现象,450～500℃为理想时效区间,其硬度和导电率也达到较好的配合。透射电镜分析结果表明,此时晶内存在较高密度位错,提高了材料的硬度,而Cr相以共格形式析出,对材料的硬度和导电率均有较大的贡献。40%变形,475℃下时效2 h,硬度可达到137 HV0.1,导电率达到87%IACS。     

Effects of Pr on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt alloys

The effects of Pr on the structure and magnetic properties of PrxFe60.5-xPt39.5 alloys （x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5） were investigated. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the phase transition temperature of FePt based alloys from disordered face-centered-cubic to ordered face-centered-tetragonal cubic decreases with the increase in Pr concentration. Pr plays the role of a grain refiner and it can enhance the exchange coupling between soft magnetic phase and hard magnetic phase. The results indicate that the replacement of Fe by Pr can significantly improve the remanence and coercivity of the Fe60.5Pt39.5 alloy. These results can be explained on the basis of phase transformation and microstructure. Both the remanence ratio and coercivity of the FePt based alloy as a function of the Pr content are increased by the optimum addition of 0.5 at.% Pr.     

硼添加对Fe-Ga合金相结构和磁致伸缩的影响

研究了（Fe0．81Ga0．19）100-xBx（x=0-20）合金的相组成和磁致伸缩特性．结果表明：x=1时,铸态合金由A2（bccFe（Ga））相和Fe2B相组成;x=5,10,15,20时,为A2相、L12（α—Fe3Ga）相和Fe2B相组成．800℃保温3h油淬后,当x=1,5时,为修正的DO3（Fe3Ga）相和Fe2B相组成;x=10,15,20时,为修正的D03相、L12相和Fe2B相组成．加入B元素后铸态合金的饱和磁致伸缩系数λs在x=1和10处出现峰值;油淬后随着B含量增加,合金的磁致伸缩系数先增大后减小,其中x=10合金的λs比相应油淬Fe81Ga19合金的λs增加了80％．油淬态合金,随B含量添加,析出Fe2B相,导致Fe-Ga合金基体中修正的D03相的Ga含量相应提高,磁致伸缩提高;随着B含量的进一步增加,合金中出现了过多的Fe2B相和L12相,磁致伸缩下降．     

均匀化热处理对易切削Zn-10Al-1.0Cu-0.1Bi-0.1Sn变形合金组织与性能的影响

对自行研制的易切削Zn-10Al-1.0Cu-0.1Bi-0.1Sn变形合金铸态样品进行均匀化热处理,并采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜分析、钻削试验等手段,研究了热处理对该合金显微组织与力学性能和切削性能的影响。结果表明,试验合金铸态组织中存在较严重的枝晶偏析及非平衡共晶组织,经均匀化退火后,枝晶偏析和非平衡β+η共晶组织基本消除,组织分布更加均匀;其中经360℃保温12 h炉冷热处理后合金的抗拉强度降低,伸长率升高53.94%,塑性明显提高,有利于后续的热塑性加工;均匀化热处理对合金的切削性能影响不大。     

球磨改性处理对Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金相结构及储氢性能的影响

系统研究了Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5储氢合金经不同时间（t=0min，10min，30min，60min）球磨改性处理后对其相结构及储氢性能的影响。结构分析表明，Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金在球磨改性处理前后均由单一的六方结构的C14型Laves相组成；随着球磨时间的延长，合金粉的平均粒度减小，并出现了部分团聚现象。储氢性能测试表明，铸态合金经4次吸放氢循环后活化，室温最大吸氢量和有效放氢量分别为209．3ml／g和157．6ml／g，放氢率为75．3％；随着球磨时间的延长，合金的活化性能得到改善，室温最大吸氢量和有效放氢量均先升后降，且都在球磨30min时达到相应最高值231．4ml／g和203．8ml／g，放氢率达到88．1％。由此可见，适当的球磨改性处理能有效地改善Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金的综合储氢性能。     

铜模吸铸法制备Fe-Nd-Al-B-Dy合金的结构和磁性能

为了进一步改善Fe-Nd-Al-B非晶合金的非晶形成能力和磁性能,研究添加Dy元素对此体系合金的显微结构、磁性能以及晶化行为的影响.利用铜模吸铸法制备厚度为1mm的片状(Fe0.51Nd0.35Al0.10b0.40)100-xDyX(x=0,1,3,6)合金.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC),振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究Dy对该系列合金非晶形成能力、磁性能和晶化行为的影响.结果表明,添加少量Dy元素使得合金Fe-Nd-Al-B-Dy的磁性能各项指标大幅度提高,得到较好的硬磁性.然而,当进一步提高Dy含量到6%时,合金呈现顺磁性.Fe-Nd-Al-B-Dy系合金晶化后,磁性能会发生很大转变,其中具有较好硬磁性的(Fe0.51Nd0.35Al0.10B0.04)99Dy1合金在完全晶化后呈现为顺磁性.     

Ni含量对Cu-xNi-3Ti-0.1Zr合金组织和性能的影响

采用真空熔炼并经均匀化退火、热轧、固溶、冷轧和时效处理工艺制备Cu-xNi-3Ti-0.1Zr(x=2、4、6)合金,通过X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜对合金的析出相进行表征和分析。结果表明,Ni的加入能够显著提高合金的导电率,且对其硬度的影响也同样显著。Ni在Cu-xNi-3Ti-0.1Zr合金中主要以CuNiTi相存在;Ni的加入导致合金中大量CuNiTi相的析出,降低了基体中Ti的固溶度,使合金的晶格畸变程度降低,从而提高了合金的导电率。但随着Ti的析出,Ti对合金的强化效果减弱,从而导致合金的硬度降低。在本试验工艺下,Cu-xNi-3Ti-0.1Zr(x=2、4、6)合金在500 ℃时效的峰值硬度分别为295、231、201 HV0.5。     

时效工艺对Cu-1．0Ni-0．25Si-0．1Zn合金组织和性能的影响

研究时效温度和时间对Cu-1．0Ni-0．25Si-0．1Zn合金组织和性能的影响，以及冷变形对该合金时效后性能的影响。合金经850℃固溶、450℃时效处理后，第二相呈弥散分布，并可获得较高的显微硬度及导电率。通过该合金在450℃时效过程中的导电率变化和根据导电率与新相的转变量之间的关系计算出了时效过程中新相的转变比率。从而确定了该温度下时效的Avrami相变动力学方程及导电率方程。