Novel corona discharge treatment of cotton fabric with Cu and ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate coating of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabric by using corona discharge in two ways of pre-treatment and post-treatment. In pre-treatment method, cotton fabrics were modified by corona discharge before coating separately with nanoparticles. In post-treatment, cotton fabrics were coated separately with ZnO and Cu nanoparticles before treating by corona discharge. Self-cleaning properties of treated fabrics were determined by staining methylene blue dye. The antibacterial tests, Scanning electron microscopy and FTIR/ATR analysis were carried out to observe antibacterial performance, surface morphology and analyze the surface chemical structure, respectively. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and water droplet adsorption were used for the determination of metal ion content, and water adsorption. Results showed that by pre-treatment method of corona discharge, absorption of copper nanoparticles was increased, and self-cleaning effect and antibacterial performance of copper nanoparticles were higher than post-treatment. ZnO nanoparticles had highest self-cleaning and antibacterial effect by pre-treatment method. By post-treatment method, the photocatalyst activity of ZnO nanoparticles was decreased.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exhaustion on Cotton Fabric Simultaneously Using Laser Ablation Method

ABSTRACT

In this experimental research, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric using laser ablation method in the same bath. Also the effects of the size of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and antibacterial properties of silver NP-coated cotton fabric have been investigated experimentally. A pulsed laser beam was used for synthesis of Ag NPs on cotton fabric. Pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm wavelengths at 7 ns pulse width and different fluencies was employed to irradiate the Ag target in deionized water in the presence of cotton fabric. Four samples were prepared using different laser fluencies. The amount, size, morphology, and structure of produced NPs were studied using their spectrum in the range of UV to IR, and scanning electron microscopy methods. Fabrics were polluted by gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The colony counting method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of prepared cotton samples. Results show that laser ablation for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on cotton fabric is an inexpensive fast method for producing antibacterial fabrics.     

Development of antibacterial fabrics by treatment with Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

This paper deals with the antibacterial properties of nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics and woven cotton fabrics treated with the pad-dry-cure (PDC) and electrospray processes. Firstly, the surface modification of nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics was carried out to obtain their hydrophilicity by RF-plasma system using acrylic acid as the monomer. Subsequently, Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel and chemical reduction processes using titanium isopropoxide and silver nitrate as precursor were applied to the fabric samples by PDC and electrospray processes. The effect of different synthesis processes of the nanoparticles and various application processes on their antibacterial efficiency was investigated. After RF-plasma pretreatment, the absorbency properties of the fabric samples were measured. The antibacterial activity of fabric samples against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined qualitatively and quantitatively according to AATCC Method 147 and AATCC Method 100, respectively. The microstructural characteristics and surface morphology of the fabric samples were investigated by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR analyses. These results suggest that Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical reduction process imparted good and durable antibacterial activity to nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics and woven cotton fabrics for use in wall textiles.     

Single step green process for the preparation of antimicrobial nanotextiles by wet chemical and sonochemical methods

Abstract

In this work, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using Zanthoxylum rhesta plant’s fruit extract for the first time. The green synthesis and in situ deposition of AgNPs on cellulose fibers in cotton was carried out by wet and sonochemical methods. The AgNPs and AgNPs-deposited cotton fabrics were fully characterized. The crystallite size of particles obtained by both methods was around 37?nm and the hydrodynamic diameters were in the range of 69 to 184?nm and 75 to 111?nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed uniform deposition of the nanoparticles on cotton fabrics. The AgNPs-deposited cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli (E-coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. This work presents a significant advancement in the preparation of antimicrobial nanotextiles by a smart combination of green synthesis and in situ deposition approach.     

Ag nanoparticles-coated cotton fabric for durable antibacterial activity: derived from phytic acid–Ag complex

Abstract

This study focuses on the preparation of functional cotton with high and durable antibacterial activity by in situ formation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) onto cotton fabric derived from phytic acid-Ag complex. The route can be divided into two simple steps, adsorption of silver ions onto cellulose matrix with phytic acid as a capture agent and subsequent reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag NPs by sodium borohydride. The successful deposition of Ag NPs on cotton fabric was verified by SEM, EDS and XPS. The bacterial reduction rate against E. coli and S. aureus for the as-treated fabrics was above 99%, even after 10 laundry cycles. The phytic acid was found of benefit to distribution and bonding of silver on the cotton fabric, which might lead to the enhancement of antibacterial property and durability against wash. This study may provide a green, novel and simple strategy to manufacture Ag-based antibacterial cotton for potential applications in textile industry.     

A novel multifunctional cotton fabric using ZrO2 NPs/urea/CTAB/MA/SHP: introducing flame retardant,photoactive and antibacterial properties

This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of producing multifunctional properties on cotton fabric using ZrO₂ nanoparticles along with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and urea. Maleic acid was also used as a cross-linking agent in the presence of sodium hypophosphite as the catalyst to stabilize fabric from creasing and nanoparticles on the fabric surface. The flame retardant properties of the treated samples were examined using char length and thermogravimetry analysis. The self-cleaning properties of treated cotton fabrics were also analyzed based on the discoloration of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation. The antibacterial activities of treated fabrics were examined against Escherichia coli through counting method. The surface of the treated cotton and microstructure of nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Introducing urea as a nitrogen source enhanced both the flame retardant and photoactivity of the nano-ZrO₂-treated fabric. Moreover, incorporating CTAB in the finishing formulation exhibited the satisfactory antibacterial properties on the treated fabrics.     

Antimicrobial finishing of cotton fabrics based on gamma irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol)/TiO2 nanocomposites

Synthesis of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties is of great interest for the development of textiles finishing, in general, and cotton fabric, in particular. In this work, TiO₂ nanoparticles at different concentrations were synthesized using nitric acid as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Cotton fabrics were first impregnated, to a pick-up of 100%, in colloidal solutions containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/TiO₂ nanocomposites. After that, the coated fabrics were exposed to gamma irradiation to produce TiO₂ nanoparticles stabilized in cross-linked CMC/PVA hydrogel. The formation of TiO₂ nanoparticles was confirmed by ultra violet/visible (UV/vis) and transmission electron microscopy, and the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles was determined using the dynamic light scattering. The surface morphology of the finished fabrics was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs revealed that TiO₂ nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of cotton fibers. The antibacterial activity of the treated fabrics loaded with TiO₂ nanoparticles was evaluated against Escherichia coli (Gram -ve) bacteria.     

In-situ synthesis of CuO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics using spark discharge method to fabricate antibacterial textile

In this research, the spark discharge method (SDM) was used for in-situ synthesis of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on cotton fabrics for producing antibacterial textile. Varieties of analytical techniques were applied for the characterization of both NPs and synthesized CuO NPs on cotton fabrics. The structural characterization of the particles was carried out by the X-ray powder diffraction method. Also, the morphological properties of treated cotton samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope. Particle size and size distribution were measured by dynamic light scattering apparatus. The results show that concentration of 100 ppm is enough for killing 10⁶ CFU/mL of bacteria. It is indicated that the synthesized CuO NPs are very strong against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Also, the durability of antibacterial efficiency after 15 times of washing was tested. The results confirm that the antibacterial fastness properties are significant and no colonies spread over agar plate after 15 cycles of washing. It was concluded that SDM for in-situ synthesize of nano-CuO on cotton fabrics in batch systems is very promising method.     

Studying the magnetic,antibacterial, and catalytic activity properties of DBD/iron oxide nanoparticle-treated cotton fabric

In this study, the cotton fabrics were modified with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Untreated and DBD-treated cotton fabrics were printed with magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles). Argon was used as the working gas. The crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic nature of printed fabrics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). The catalytic activity of the treated samples for wastewater treatment was studied. The effect of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of DBD-treated cotton fabric was also investigated. The results showed that DBD-treated samples can absorb more nanoparticles than untreated samples. The antibacterial activity of the DBD/γ-Fe₂O_3-treated samples, which was analyzed by the bacteria counting test, was increased considerably.     

Antimicrobial activity of nanosilver-coated socks fabrics against foot pathogens

Nanotechnology can be used in engineering-desired textile attributes, such as fabric softness and durability in fibres, yarns and fabrics. Nanocoating the surface of socks is one approach to the production of highly active surfaces with UV blocking, antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in this project was carried out chemically by wet reduction method (Ag-chem) and biologically by using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves (Ag-neem). The formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy, which revealed the surface plasmon resonance peak at 420?nm for Ag-chem and 430?nm for Ag-neem, and transmission electron microscopy, which showed nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes (～5–50?nm). Quantification of the prepared silver nanoparticles was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which revealed 0.044?M Ag⁺ and 0.042?M Ag⁺ ions in Ag-chem and Ag-neem, respectively. Coating of the socks fabrics (nylon and cotton) was carried out by exposing these fabrics to the prepared nanoparticle solutions on a gyratory shaker overnight. Antimicrobial activity of the Ag-chem and Ag-neem was carried out by performing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion test against Sarcina lutea, an odour-producing organism, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, organisms causing foot infections. P. aeruginosa and S. lutea were found to be most sensitive to either of the above preparations. Ag-chem was found to be more effective than Ag-neem. Nylon and cotton socks fabrics were coated with each of the above preparations. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanosilver-finished fabrics was checked by zone inhibition test, antibacterial test and wash fastness test. In both cases, coated nylon fabrics showed better antimicrobial activity than coated cotton fabrics. S. lutea and K. pneumoniae showed greater zones of inhibition than the other test organisms. Nylon fabric coated with Ag-chem and Ag-neem gave maximum reduction in viable count of all test organisms as compared to cotton fabrics. Higher reduction in the viable count of all test organisms was observed with Ag-chem-coated nylon fabrics. Thus, coating of the nylon socks fabric with silver nanoparticles can be used as an effective way to combat foot-borne pathogens and thereby reducing discomforts like foot odour, perspiration, complications due to diabetes, athlete’s foot, etc.     

Antibacterial effects of two Tunisian Eucalyptus leaf extracts on wool and cotton fabrics

The present work deals with the antibacterial properties of textile fabrics when treated with two Eucalyptus leaf extracts. Dried Eucalyptus leaves, i.e. E. odorata and E. cinerea species, were macerated in a mixture of acetone-water to obtain enriched tannins and flavonoids extracts. The thermal stability of these extracts was investigated by UV-spectrophotometry. The antibacterial effects of these tannins and flavonoids, once fixed on wool and cotton fabrics, were measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using the Agar diffusion method. Only woven fabrics treated with E. odorata extract displayed antibacterial properties that were more significant on wool than on cotton. The laundering durability of this treatment was also evaluated, demonstrating that the antibacterial properties decreased with the number of laundering cycles but more quickly on cotton than on wool fabrics.     

Influence of silver nanoparticles on the fabrics functions prepared by in-situ technique

The development of multifunctional fabrics is an important purpose for their application in many fields. This study provided a simple approach for innovative textile design by applying the optical properties of Plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles. The utilization of feasible technique to functionalize both semi-synthetic and synthetic fabrics namely viscose and acrylic fabric has been accomplished. Where, fabrics functions have been developed by in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into their surface using trisodium citrate as multifunctional agent (reductant, stabilizer, and linker). The silver NPs incorporated into fabrics has been characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanism of assembling Ag NPs in situ incorporated fabric matrix has been discussed. The influence of silver nanoparticles on the coloration, UV-protection, and antibacterial properties of the fabrics has also been examined. The overall results indicated that, the in situ Ag NPs-incorporated into fabrics has been applied as a colorant for both viscose and acrylic fabrics effectively beside the improvement for UV-blocking and anti-bacterial properties.     

An Economical Dyeing Process for Cotton and Wool Fabrics and Improvement their Antibacterial Properties and UV protection

Environmental, economic concerns, and prolonged human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation have created an increasing demand for natural dyestuff. A study on the cotton and wool fabrics functionality to achieve UV protection and antibacterial properties was carried out by aqueous extract of barberry roots and red onion skin as the natural dyes. The alkaloid berberine extracted from the fruits of Berberis vulgaris and flavonoids and anthocyanin from red onion skin (Alliumcepa L) are natural dyes with antibacterial activity, UV protection and available as waste materials. The properties of dyed wool and cotton fabrics with these two natural dyes and two dyeing methods (exhaustion and ultrasonic) such as their color fastness, color intensity, and antibacterial efficacy ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were investigated in this research. The results confirmed that the high level of antibacterial activity and (UPF) values of dyed wool fabrics with barberry roots and red onion skin and they are more than the dyed cotton fabrics in the same condition and has better result with the ultrasonic method. So by combining two dyestuff and ultrasonic method, on cotton dyeing, the level of antibacterial activity and UPF value increased.     

改性活性棉织物的纳米银原位组装抗菌整理

为实现纳米银在棉织物上的定向原位组装,以及纳米银抗菌纺织品的绿色、简便、高效、可循环的加工工艺,通过对棉织物进行氧化处理并接枝"核-壳"结构的改性聚酰胺超支化聚合物,制备了具有主动捕捉银离子、还原银离子、控制纳米银粒径、固着纳米银功能的活性棉织物。利用改性活性棉织物进行纳米银原位组装,对整理后的棉织物进行了表征,测试了其抗菌性能及耐洗性。结果表明:通过氧化、接枝处理能够将聚合物接枝到棉织物上,并且棉织物的活性改性处理对织物的力学性能影响不大。改性后的活性棉织物能够进行连续加工整理,整理过程实现零排放。整理后的棉织物纤维表面分布着大量5~25 nm的纳米银颗粒,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率均在99.9%以上,且具有优异的耐洗牢度。     

Plasma sputtering as a novel method for improving fastness and antibacterial properties of dyed cotton fabrics

Improving the fastness properties and antibacterial activity of dyed cotton samples is the main goal of this research work. First, cotton fabrics were dyed with various types of dyestuffs such as direct, vat, and reactive. Then, prepared samples were sputtered using plasma sputtering system for 15?s by silver and copper. In this study, we have used a DC magnetron sputtering system for deposition of metal nanolayer on the surface of samples. Samples were placed on the anode. The cathode particles were scattered by attacking active ions, radicals, and electrons. After plasma treatment, the reflection factor of sputtered samples was measured using reflective spectrophotometer. Also wash and light fastness properties of both sputtered and non-sputtered samples were compared according to ISO standards. The antibacterial efficiency was determined by bacterial counting test. The antibacterial properties of the fabrics were connected with the presence of metal on their surface. Silver or copper particles were deposited on the surface of cotton samples, and the antibacterial activity has been developed, through incorporation of metal nanoparticles on fabric surfaces. The results show that sputtering technique can be a novel method for improving the fastness properties of dyed cotton samples.     

In situ synthesis and exhaustion of nano TiO2 on fabric samples using laser ablation method

Abstract

In this research work, TiO₂ nanoparticles were in situ synthesized on cotton fabrics using laser ablation method. For producing the TiO₂ nanoparticles, the Ti plate were irradiated with Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at 1064?nm in deionized water medium. Simultaneously, the cotton samples were placed near Ti plate in ablation container. Laser fluence was 1, 2 and 3?J/cm² for samples 1–3 to make nanoparticles with different sizes. The morphology and size of prepared nano particles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmition electron microscope (TEM). The concentration, structure and crystalinity of synthesized nano TiO₂ was studied using absorption spectrophotometry and X-Ray diffraction method. The morphology changes of cotton samples after laser ablation and in situ synthesizing the TiO₂ nanoparticles was compared using SEM. The hydrophilicity changes of cotton were determined by water absorption time method. Finally the cotton samples were stained by one ml of diluted methylene blue and the color changes of samples after daylight irradiation were studied with reflective spectrophotometry. Results show that, by increasing the laser fluence, the concentration and size of synthesized TiO₂ nano particles increases. The self-cleaning and photocatalytic activity increases by increasing the concentration of TiO₂ nanoparticles.     

In situ synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on plasma treated cotton fabric utilizing durable antibacterial activity

In this research work, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were in situ synthesized by the sonochemical method at room temperature on both untreated and plasma pre-treated cotton woven fabric. Air plasma was used for pre-functionalization of cotton fabric. And the effect of plasma pre-functionalization on the adhesion properties between ZnO nanoparticles and the cotton surface were studied.

The results show that nanoparticles with average sizes of 20–90 nm with different morphologies have been created on the surface of samples. Characterization studies were carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductive coupled plasma (ICP). The antibacterial activities of the fabrics were assessed by the colonies count method. The results show that the finished fabric demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the antibacterial test. The wash fastness of both untreated and plasma pre-treated samples after 30 times of washing was investigated. The results showed that the parameters of plasma reactor play a very important role in improving the antibacterial durability.     

用无机纳米粒子制备耐久性抗菌棉织物的研究进展

为有效地解决无机纳米粒子制备的抗菌棉织物耐久性能不佳的问题,提高无机纳米粒子的整理技术,对黏结剂结合棉织物表面无机纳米粒子耐久抗菌性能的最新研究进展进行综述,介绍了抗菌耐久性的评价方法、黏结剂固化无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的后整理方法等,并分析了耐久性,对影响耐久性的因素以及抗菌效率、抗菌效率下降趋势和洗涤过程中无机纳米粒子的损失进行了阐述与分析。指出:氨基和巯基基团可与无机纳米粒子形成配位键,有效地将无机纳米粒子固定在棉织物表面上;微波辐射和超声波可应用于增强无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的黏附力。     

一步法原位生成纳米Ag-ZnO复合整理棉织物

为了实现对纺织品的多功能化整理,本文以棉织物为研究对象,利用端氨基超支化聚合物HBP-NH2通过微波法在织物中一步原位控制生成了纳米Ag-ZnO,研究了整理后棉织物的抗菌和抗紫外性能等。结果表明：HBP-NH2具有多重作用,能够同时与Ag+和Zn2+反应控制生成纳米Ag和纳米ZnO。利用不同浓度整理液整理棉织物,可以获得不同纳米Ag和纳米ZnO含量的棉织物。XRD、XPS和SEM分析表明纳米纳米Ag和纳米ZnO成功整理到棉织物中,粒径为30～120nm。纳米Ag-ZnO复合整理棉织物同时赋予了其优异的抗菌和抗紫外性能,整理后的棉织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率均达到了99.99%。另外,复合整理还能改善纳米Ag整理对棉织物白度的影响。     

新型纳米银抗菌棉织物的制备及其性能检测

利用纤维素大分子自身的还原性和分散性,原位还原硝酸银溶液,制备得到了纳米银抗菌棉织物。采用紫外一可见分光光度计（UV-vis）、原子吸收光谱（AAS）、分光仪等测试了反应时间对棉织物表面银负载量和织物色差的影响,并进一步评价了所得纳米银棉织物的抗菌活性以及其细胞毒性。结果表明,处理后织物在422nm处存在光吸收峰,说明织物表面沉积颗粒为纳米银粒子,且均匀分布在织物纤维表面;当反应时间由10min延长至50min时,织物表面银粒子负载量由0．6890mg／g增加至1．3561mg／g,而织物颜色由原来的白色逐渐变为浅黄色。抗菌活性测试表明,纳米银抗菌棉织物具有优良的抗菌效果及耐洗涤性能,经20次循环洗涤后,其对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率仍分别高达98．5％和94．3％。细胞毒性测试表明,此抗菌织物对小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞为低毒性材料,细胞相容性较好。