Scale-up analysis and development of gliding arc discharge facility for volatile organic compounds decomposition

The influences of inlet gas flow rate and reactor configuration on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decomposition efficiency in a traditional gliding arc (T-GA) facility are studied based on laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The ratio of the nozzle diameter and the shortest distance of two electrodes should be maintained in a suitable value range to guarantee the decomposition efficiency, which indicates simply enlarging the nozzle inner diameter is not a proper way to raise the T-GA treatment capacity in a fixed supply voltage condition. A developed gliding arc gas discharge (D-GA) reactor based on a modified gas feed system is proposed: small flow rate air goes through the bottom nozzle to process the GA evolution, and high flow rate contaminated gas goes frontal through the plasma region and decomposes. The performances of D-GA reactor in the decomposition of VOCs with relative high gas flow rate, including decomposition efficiency and specific energy consumption, are better than T-GA reactor. D-GA reactor also avoids the drawbacks of the increases of power system amount and electric power consumption in multi-electrode GA system.     

Synthesis of Mn-Al alloy nanoparticles by plasma arc discharge

Alloy nanoparticles in the Mn-Al system were prepared by the plasma arc discharge method. The influence of process parameters on the vaporization rate, composition, particle size, and magnetic properties of the as-produced nanoparticles was investigated. The Mn content was found to be higher in the nanoparticles than in the corresponding mother alloy, although the difference diminished with the reaction time. With increasing H₂ content in the reaction gas, both vaporization rate and particle size increased. With 30 at.% Mn, the average particle diameter in pure Ar was 35.2 nm, whereas that in an atmosphere with Ar:H₂ = 60:40 was 95.4 nm. With the addition of a small amount of carbon, ε-phase nanoparticles were synthesized. After heat treatment in a vacuum for 30 min at 400-600 °C, the nonmagnetic ε-phase was transformed into the ferromagnetic τ-phase and a very high coercivity of about 446 kA/m was achieved.     

镍纳米粉的阳极弧等离子体制备工艺条件与性能研究

为了研究阳极弧放电等离子体方法在制备镍纳米粉过程中电弧电流、气体压力等工艺参数对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响,寻求制备金属纳米粉的最佳工艺参数.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)、BET吸附等测试手段对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度分布、比表面积等性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:本法所制得的镍纳米粉的晶格结构为fcc结构.呈规则的球形链状分布,适当控制工艺参数就能制取粒径范围在20-100nm的金属纳米粉,在其他工艺参数不变条件下,气压升高或电弧电流增大,都会使粒度增大,产率增大.     

基底温度复合控制对化学气相沉积纳米金刚石薄膜的影响

采用自主研制的具有基底温度开-闭环复合自动控制系统的直流弧光放电PCVD设备,当开环流量不同时,在硬质合金基体表面分别进行了纳米金刚石薄膜制备研究。并采用SEM、XRD、激光Raman光谱仪对所制备薄膜的形貌、物相和品质进行了分析。研究结果表明,当开环流量从10→5→15→20mL/min变化时,所制备纳米金刚石薄膜的表面粗糙度及石墨成分会随之增加,金刚石晶粒转变为以(110)面生长为主,且尺寸增大;并加剧了硬质合金基体中Co相粘结剂向基体表面的扩散。温控中基底温度的波动(稳定性)是影响纳米金刚石薄膜生长性能的主要原因。     

基于脉冲等离子焊接快速成形工艺研究

为了提高快速成形零件的成形精度,采用脉冲等离子焊接快速成形方法,利用所建立的机器人快速成形系统,研究了峰值电流、焊接速度、占空比、送丝速度等工艺参数对成形轨迹宽高比的影响规律,并建立了快速成形轨迹间搭接模型以及层间高度的计算模型,分析了单道成形轨迹的宽高比对多道搭接表面平整度的影响规律.结果表明,选择宽高比较大的成形轨迹进行快速成形,有利于提高成形件的表面平整度,降低孔洞等缺陷的产生.合适的层间高度参数以及热输入量的控制能够有效地提高薄壁结构件的成形精度.     

Surface modifications of polymethylmetacrylate films using atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge plasma

In this paper, polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) films are modified using an atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in air. The DBD is generated in a plane-parallel reactor, which is driven by a μs pulse power supply with amplitude of up to 25 kV and repetition rate of 1 kHz, and the plasma generated shows homogeneous mode discharge characteristics verified by electrical measurements and light emission images with 0.5 ms exposure time. The treatment time ranging from 0 to 60 s and the discharge power density ranging from 11.62 to 30.83 W/m² are used to study the effects of discharge parameters on the surface treatment, and the surface properties of PMMA films are studied using contact angle and surface energy measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The study shows that, after the plasma treatment, the surface of PMMA film is etched, and oxygen-containing polar groups are introduced into the surface. These two processes can induce a remarkable decrease in water contact and a remarkable increase in surface energy, and the surface properties of PMMA films is improved accordingly. It is shown that the improvement of hydrophobicity depends on the discharge power density and treatment time, and there is a saturation treatment time at each discharge power density. Increasing discharge power density can induce more effective treatment of PMMA films, and less treatment time is needed to achieve the same level of surface treatment by increasing the discharge power density. Because more oxygen-containing polar groups are created and more obvious etching is occurred on the PMMA surface at higher discharge power density.     

Effects of substrate temperature on tin-doped indium oxide films deposited by dc arc discharge ion plating

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on glass substrate at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 120 °C by the dc arc discharge ion plating technique. The electrical properties and crystallinity of ITO films were investigated. The resistivity of ITO films decreased with the increase of the substrate temperature in deposition, mostly due to increase in Hall mobility above 90 °C. The resistivity of ITO film obtained at temperature 120 °C was 1.33×10⁻⁴ Ω cm. The ITO films crystallized at the substrate temperature higher than 90 °C and the grain size estimated from the (2 2 2) peak in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate became large with the increase of the substrate temperature. That the Hall mobility increased with the increase of the substrate temperature was speculated to be due to the increase of the grain size in the direction parallel to the surface.     

真空开关电弧等离子体特性诊断技术研究进展

阐述了真空电弧等离子体特性诊断的重要意义,列举了常用的诊断方法及其工作原理,综述了近年来国内外关于真空电弧等离子体特性诊断方面的实验研究进展。     

Control of the energy of ion flow affecting electrically insulated surface in plasma processing reactor based on a beam plasma discharge

We compare two ways to control the distribution function of ions on the isolated structure which is treated in a plasma reactor based on beam plasma discharge. In the first case, the periodic pulse voltage is applied to the substrate holder. The calculation of currents and voltages on the surface in contact with the plasma in a simple empirical model has been performed; the comparison of results of calculation and experiment is presented. In the latter case, the pulsed voltage is applied to the discharge collector, thus modulating the plasma potential. The comparison shows that the second method provides more efficient control of the distribution function of ions, acting on the treated substrate.     

基于机器学习的薄板等离子弧搭接焊的熔深预测

在等离子弧搭接焊中,搭接焊接头的焊缝熔深是评价焊接质量的关键指标之一,而焊接过程中的热输入信息和熔池图像信息都与焊缝熔深有密切关系。本文通过建立304L不锈钢薄板等离子弧搭接焊数据采集系统,利用LabVIEW实时检测电信息,采用视觉传感技术实时获取薄板等离子弧搭接焊过程中的熔池图像,并通过图像处理方法获得熔池的几何参数信息,结合焊接工艺参数,选择峰值电流、峰值电压、焊接速度、离子气流量、保护气流量、熔池宽度和熔池后端长度作为输入量,焊缝熔深作为输出量,建立了基于支持向量机回归和BP神经网络的熔深预测模型。实验验证表明,采用径向基函数的支持向量机回归模型可以有效地对焊缝熔深进行预测,并具有很好的泛化能力,可为进一步实现在线优化焊接工艺参数提供依据。     

Hydrogen effect on refining of Mo metal by Ar-H2 plasma arc melting

The refining effect of Ar/Ar-H₂ plasma arc melting (PAM) was investigated and the purity of Mo metals was evaluated by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS). Most impurities in the Mo metals except for W were removed by Ar/Ar-H₂ PAM down to a few mass ppm levels, and the purities of respective Mo metals refined by Ar/Ar-20%H₂ PAM were improved up to 4N(99.9943%) and 5N(99.9996%). It is also found that Ar-H₂ PAM provides excellent decarburization, deoxidation, and denitrogenization. This confirmed that the refining effect is chemically induced by activated hydrogen atoms during Ar-H₂ PAM.     

Pyrolysis/gasification of biomass for synthetic fuel production using a hybrid gas-water stabilized plasma torch

An experimental plasma-chemical reactor equipped with a novel hybrid gas-water stabilized torch is available at IPP Prague for the innovative and environmentally friendly plasma treatment of waste streams with a view to their sustainable energetic and chemical valorization and to a reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases. Gasification/pyrolysis of biomass was experimentally studied using crushed wood as a model substance. The experimental results demonstrate homogeneous heating of the reactor volume and proper mixing of plasma with treated material in spite of the low plasma mass flow rate and constricted plasma jet. The conditions within the reactor ensure complete destruction of the tested substance. The economical viability, environmental performance and safety of biofuels/hydrogen produced from syngas resulting from the plasma-thermochemical gasification of a very broad range of second generation biomass feedstock will be investigated. The performance of several types of plasma torches and of possible combinations of torches will be compared. The final biofuels will be tested in the existing Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) test stands.