面向项目绩效评价的软件过程改进模型与决策支持研究

在探讨项目绩效与过程改进关系基础上,分析了传统的模型驱动的软件过程改进模型的不足,论述了项目绩效驱动的过程改进的理论框架。为实现该框架,建立了面向项目绩效的过程改进决策支持系统逻辑模型,并提出了持续绩效评价及过程改进的软件项目开发策略。     

基于单元度量的项目估计方法

为了充分利用组织的历史项目统计数据,同时避免代码行估计和功能点估计的主要缺点,提出了一种基于单元度量的项目估计方法。定义了该方法需要使用的测量项以及测量项的采集方法,介绍了使用指示器进行数据分析以及调整估计因子以提高估计准确度的方法,介绍了使用项目的操作过程数来对项目的规模、工作量等进行估计的方法,并使用来自于载人航天工程的30个实际项目的测量数据对该方法进行了验证,实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确度和一致性。     

Translating the impact of knowledge management into knowledge‐based innovation: The neglected and mediating role of knowledge‐worker satisfaction

The purpose of knowledge management is innovation. However, this study proposes that the existence of knowledge management in the knowledge‐worker's work environment can nurture the overall satisfaction of knowledge worker. As the ultimate purpose of knowledge management is innovation performance, therefore, the satisfaction of knowledge worker as an outcome of knowledge management should be greater innovation performance. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of satisfaction of knowledge worker between knowledge management and innovation. The study collected the data from 306 knowledge workers (engineers and managers) of software houses from Pakistan. The SmartPLS 3 Version 2.7 software that uses the PLS‐SEM (Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modelling) technique was used. The results indicate that satisfaction of knowledge worker mediates between two knowledge management processes (knowledge creation and knowledge sharing) and innovation significantly. However, it does not mediate between knowledge utilization and innovation significantly.     

The impact of absorptive capacity,exploration, and exploitation on individual creativity: Moderating effect of subjective well-being

This study proposes a new individual creativity model divided into seven main constructs: creative self-efficacy, individual knowledge, IT support, individual absorptive capacity, exploration, exploitation, and individual creativity. We assumed that creative self-efficacy, individual knowledge, and IT support positively affect individual creativity through the mediating effect of individual absorptive capacity, exploration, and exploitation. Additionally, we examined the moderating effects of subjective well-being by dividing the sample into a high subjective well-being group and a low subjective well-being group. After collecting 706 valid questionnaires from IT companies in South Korea, we applied a structural equation modeling technique to analyze the data. Empirical results reveal the following: (1) creative self-efficacy, individual knowledge, and IT support influence individual creativity through individual absorptive capacity, exploration, exploitation; and (2) subjective well-being moderates the relationship between the two constructs of the research model.     

基于活动分解和ECA规则的软件过程建模

软件过程由多个活动组成,活动可以分解成子活动,活动间的关系包括静态关系和动态关系。提出基于活动分解和．ECA规则的过程建模。通过活动分解对软件过程的静态部分进行建模,描述活动与子活动之间的关系;通过ECA规则描述活动之间的动态时序关系,即描述触发活动的事件和内部条件,给过程的调整和动态变化带来了方便,增强了其适应变化的能力。     

再生企业过程绩效评价软件的指标选择方法

针对再生企业过程绩效评价软件缺乏合理模型和科学方法论指导绩效指标选择的现状,从绩效指标选择应与企业战略保持一致的原则出发,提出基于模糊覆盖集的再生企业过程绩效指标选择模型,并在平衡计分卡思想的指导下将此模型与企业战略及绩效指标进行关联,得到实例化且考虑战略一致性的再生企业过程绩效指标选择模型,并针对该模型给出了求解策略。最后,结合实际案例阐述了新方法的应用。     

Perceived absorptive capacity of individual users in performance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) usage: The case for Korean firms

We examined the effect of absorptive capacity of users on their use of ERP in a Korean context. The three components considered were understanding, assimilating, and applying ERP knowledge. We found that the capacities of users to assimilate and apply the knowledge had both direct and indirect effects on its value. The users’ ability to understand ERP knowledge was found to influence its performance by their assimilating and applying the knowledge. We also found that organizational support moderated the relationship between their absorptive capacity and performance.     

基于力控组态软件的远程过程控制实验系统设计

描述了一种基于力控组态软件的远程过程控制实验系统,实现对过程控制装置中的水箱液位控制和锅炉温度控制。实验者可以利用Internet网络远程操作实验,具有选择不同的实验项目、选择不同的控制规律、实时数据显示与存储、动画显示等功能。实验测试表明远程过程控制实验系统能够满足实际需要,具有显示直观与操作简单等功能。     

The impact of social information system governance,utilization, and capabilities on absorptive capacity and innovation: A case of Austrian SMEs

The study aims to understand the influence of social information systems (SIS) on absorptive capacity (AC) and innovation in Austrian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For this purpose, a framework was developed and empirically tested using a nationwide, mixed-mode survey on a random sample of 138 SMEs of knowledge-intensive industries. The results show that the backbone of SIS utilization is SIS governance. SIS capabilities mediate the positive effects of SIS utilization on AC components, which build on each other and mediate the positive effects of SIS capabilities on innovation. Our findings provide a number of useful implications for research and industry.     

Effects of anxiety levels on learning performance and gaming performance in digital game‐based learning

Anxiety plays an influential role in foreign language learning. However, a lack of attention was paid to examining the effects of anxiety levels on learning performance and gaming performance in digital game‐based learning. To this end, this study developed a game‐based English learning system and investigated how different levels of anxiety affected learners' learning performance and gaming performance. A quasi‐experiment was conducted in an elementary school. The results showed that high‐anxiety learners performed worse than low‐anxiety learners in speaking, word/sentence match, and overall learning performance. However, they performed similarly in listening performance. Moreover, the results showed that high‐ and low‐anxiety learners demonstrated a similar level of gaming performance. A subsequent analysis showed that significant correlations existed between learning performance and gaming performance for learners with high anxiety whereas such positive correlations were rarely found for learners with low anxiety, indicating that high‐anxiety learners' learning performance could be fostered by their gaming performance. The findings suggested that digital game‐based learning was particularly beneficial to high‐anxiety learners, whose gaming performance was a facilitative factor of their learning performance.     

基于代数的软件过程建模系统的设计与实现

软件过程建模的主要目的是建立组织内软件开发过程的模型,使得软件开发过程在整个组织内获得一致的理解,进而提高软件开发效率和改进软件生产质量.软件过程建模语言一方面要易于理解、具有较强的表达能力,同时也要易于分析和验证,以保证所要描述的软件过程的正确性.介绍了基于代数的软件过程建模系统ASPMS的设计和实现,该系统提供了图形化的建模表示方式,而该图形化表示方式具有基于多元π演算的形式化语义,从而较好地平衡了建模语言的易于理解、具有较强的表达能力和易于分析和验证这一矛盾的内在要求.     

Factors affecting the quality of software project management: an empirical study based on the Capability Maturity Model

Rigorous project management can help raise a software product development process from an initial, immature stage that is unstable and unrepeatable to an optimized maturity level characterized by continuous improvement and innovation. Goals and actions related to a repeatable project management process have been outlined in the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. The CMM provides good guidelines for initiating software process improvement particularly in the project management area; however, the successful implementation of the CMM guidelines is often not accomplished without significant organizational change involving increased emphasis on change management, teams and employee empowerment. This paper is empirically based on observations, surveys, and interviews of project team managers and project team members in a large, multinational organiplanning, change management, quality management, team work, and process control. Findings presented in this paper are correlated with the CMM guidelines as well as organizational factors that were found to enable or impede the successful deployment of various aspects of a project management improvement plan. The role of education and training in process and quality techniques as well as project management tools that support group work is also examined. This paper provides some insight into the issues faced by organizations based on traditional hierarchy or matrix management as they attempt to move into a more process-driven, quality-oriented development environment. As organizations move towards global markets they need increased emphasis on quality, value, teams, standards and global project management strategies based on structured guidelines to handle process flow within and between projects, departments, organizations, and national boundaries.     

Performance Alignment Work: How software developers experience the continuous adaptation of team performance in Lean and Agile environments

ContextCompanies increasingly strive to adapt to market and ecosystem changes in real time. Gauging and understanding team performance in such changing environments present a major challenge.ObjectiveThis paper aims to understand how software developers experience the continuous adaptation of performance in a modern, highly volatile environment using Lean and Agile software development methodology. This understanding can be used as a basis for guiding formation and maintenance of high-performing teams, to inform performance improvement initiatives, and to improve working conditions for software developers.MethodA qualitative multiple-case study using thematic interviews was conducted with 16 experienced practitioners in five organisations.ResultsWe generated a grounded theory, Performance Alignment Work, showing how software developers experience performance. We found 33 major categories of performance factors and relationships between the factors. A cross-case comparison revealed similarities and differences between different kinds and different sizes of organisations.ConclusionsBased on our study, software teams are engaged in a constant cycle of interpreting their own performance and negotiating its alignment with other stakeholders. While differences across organisational sizes exist, a common set of performance experiences is present despite differences in context variables. Enhancing performance experiences requires integration of soft factors, such as communication, team spirit, team identity, and values, into the overall development process. Our findings suggest a view of software development and software team performance that centres around behavioural and social sciences.     

The role of creation mode and social networking mode in knowledge creation performance: Mediation effect of creation process

This study proposes and empirically examines a research model that incorporates the knowledge creation mode and social networking mode to describe knowledge creation performance. The mediation effect of the knowledge creation process is explored in terms of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (SECI). The data collected from the manufacturing and service industries in Taiwan were analyzed. The goal-driven mode and web topology are found to be significantly associated with product or service creation primarily because of the creation efficacy aspect. The SECI with web topology has a mediation function when the goal-driven mode is adopted. Implications and suggestions are also provided.     

基于软件再生理论的分布式自适应性能监控系统设计

软件再生理论认为,计算系统运行过程中的系统资源损耗是影响系统性能的主要因素。设计一个性能监控系统,通过采集和分析资源使用情况,适时释放被损耗的资源可以有效保证系统的持续高性能。监控系统采用C/S模式以减轻监控端的负载,保证监控端的轻量级,同时实现对监控端的异步监控;基于自组织映射网络对数据的分析,实现对监控端监控参数的自适应调节;提供多种数学模型对系统性能变化进行分析和预测;设计了简单有效的决策方法支持系统的重启控制;最后通过实验证明自适应采集策略有效减少了数据采集和传输量,保证了监控端的轻量级、低负载,尽可能地降低了监控系统本身对被监控系统的影响。     

Object‐process based graphics recognition class library: principles and applications

We have developed a Graphics Class Library (GCL) for graphics recognition using the object‐process methodology and object‐oriented implementation. The purpose of the library is to supply generic code for graphics recognition algorithms to be used as ready made and easily extendible components in future systems. The library consists of reusable classes of graphic objects that appear in engineering drawings as well as in other classes of line drawings. A generic integrated graphics recognition algorithm is at the basis of the library, serving useful standard operations required for graphics recognition applications. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of a graph‐oriented computer‐assisted project‐based learning environment on argumentation skills

The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to explore how seventh graders in a suburban school in the United States developed argumentation skills and science knowledge in a project‐based learning environment that incorporated a graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application. A total of 54 students (three classes) comprised this treatment condition and were engaged in a project‐based learning environment that incorporated a graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application, whereas a total of 57 students (three classes) comprised the control condition and were engaged in a project‐based learning environment without this graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application. Verbal collaborative argumentation was recorded and the students' post essays were collected. A random effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted and a significant difference in science knowledge about alternative energies between conditions was observed. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted and there was a significant difference in counterargument and rebuttal skills between conditions. A qualitative analysis was conducted to examine how the graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application supported students' development of argumentation skills and affected the quality of collaborative argumentation. The difference in argumentation structure and quality of argumentation between conditions might explain a difference in science knowledge as well counterargument and rebuttal skills (argumentation) between both conditions. This study concluded that a project‐based learning environment incorporating a graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application was effective in improving students' science knowledge and developing their scientific argumentation skills.     

The effect of transaction costs on the decision to replace 'off-the-shelf' software: the role of software diffusion and infusion

This study examines the extent to which software diffusion and infusion affect the decision to replace ‘off‐the‐shelf’ software, using the example of spreadsheet software. Transaction cost economics motivates the propositions that higher levels of software diffusion and higher levels of software infusion act as disincentives on the firm’s decision to upgrade or change off‐the‐shelf software. Our focus on software diffusion and infusion extends previous research that only examined hardware infusion and diffusion. Results from the study, using a survey, newsgroups and interviews, generally support the propositions and show that the more software is diffused and infused into a firm, the less likely it is to be changed or upgraded. More specifically, the results also show that, while software infusion acts directly to reduce the likelihood of software replacement, software diffusion only affects it indirectly through its effect on infusion.     

Formal methods applied to high‐performance computing software design: a case study of MPI one‐sided communication‐based locking

There is a growing need to address the complexity of verifying the numerous concurrent protocols employed in the high‐performance computing software. Today's approaches for verification consist of testing detailed implementations of these protocols. Unfortunately, this approach can seldom show the absence of bugs, and often results in serious bugs escaping into the deployed software. An approach called Model Checking has been demonstrated to be eminently helpful in debugging these protocols early in the software life cycle by offering the ability to represent and exhaustively analyze simplified formal protocol models. The effectiveness of model checking has yet to be adequately demonstrated in high‐performance computing. This paper presents a case study of a concurrent protocol that was thought to be sufficiently well tested, but proved to contain two very non‐obvious deadlocks in them. These bugs were automatically detected through model checking. The protocol models in which these bugs were detected were also easy to create. Recent work in our group demonstrates that even this tedium of model creation can be eliminated by employing dynamic source‐code‐level analysis methods. Our case study comes from the important domain of Message Passing Interface (MPI)‐based programming, which is universally employed for simulating and predicting anything from the structural integrity of combustion chambers to the path of hurricanes. We argue that model checking must be taught as well as used widely within HPC, given this and similar success stories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.