一种基于模式组件的工作流管理系统构建方法

从描述流程控制特征的工作流模式出发,提出了一种基于工作流模式的工作流模型,给出了先将工作流模式映射到工作流模式组件,再构建基于模式组件的工作流管理系统的方法。     

Tutorial and Survey Articles: An introduction to Petri Nets

This paper describes the fundamental concepts and characteristics of Petri nets (PNs) that make them a significant tool for modeling and analyzing asynchronous systems with concurrent and parallel activities and follows the extensions that improved the implementation capabilities of the original PNs.

Their first and most relevant extension was time modeling, a vital aspect of system performances not considered in the original version. There are several possibilities for introducing time in PNs. Among them, a technique that associates time with places is presented in some detail. As PNs tend to become cumbersome and time consuming when large and complex systems are involved, a method for decomposing timed PNs of open queuing networks is reviewed here.

Though initially developed as an information/computer-based technique, PNs were immediately adopted in a variety of application areas, such as manufacturing, design, planning and control. Viewed through a more recently developed programming perspective, the ordinary PNs became “high level” PNs suitable for defining different data types and for applying hierarchical approaches.

It is expected that the robust theoretical basis of this tool coupled with its visual and flexibility features will continue to appeal to researchers and practitioners alike in a variety of domains and as a result will continue to evolve and expand.     

Supervision Based on Place Invariants: A Survey

The supervision based on place invariants (SBPI) is an efficient technique for the supervisory control of Petri nets. This paper reveals the significance of the SBPI based on a literature survey, applications, and an analysis of problems and supervisory settings that can be addressed using SBPI. Special attention is given to the various settings within which the problem can be formulated. Such settings can be distinguished based on the concurrency type, the type of controllability and observability, and the centralized or decentralized type of supervision. As we show, it is possible to approach the most general settings in a purely structural way, without resorting to reachability analysis. We begin by describing the SBPI problem and the literature methods that address this problem or are related to it. Then, we proceed to show classes of problems that can be reduced to the SBPI problem. In the SBPI, the specification is described as a system of inequalities that the Petri net marking must satisfy at any time. However, as we show, problems involving more general specifications can be approached in the SBPI setting, sometimes under additional assumptions, by performing net and/or specification transformations. Four of the specifications we will consider are logic constraints, language specifications, disjunctions of linear constraints, and liveness. We conclude with a presentation of possible applications of the SBPI approach to programming with semaphores, fault tolerance, and synchronic-distance based designs.     

Business process mining: An industrial application

Contemporary information systems (e.g., WfM, ERP, CRM, SCM, and B2B systems) record business events in so-called event logs. Business process mining takes these logs to discover process, control, data, organizational, and social structures. Although many researchers are developing new and more powerful process mining techniques and software vendors are incorporating these in their software, few of the more advanced process mining techniques have been tested on real-life processes. This paper describes the application of process mining in one of the provincial offices of the Dutch National Public Works Department, responsible for the construction and maintenance of the road and water infrastructure. Using a variety of process mining techniques, we analyzed the processing of invoices sent by the various subcontractors and suppliers from three different perspectives: (1) the process perspective, (2) the organizational perspective, and (3) the case perspective. For this purpose, we used some of the tools developed in the context of the ProM framework. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of process mining in general and our algorithms and tools in particular.     

基于对象Petri网的信息系统建模技术

针对复杂管理信息系统分析与建模的困难性,提出了一种基于Petri网和面向对象的建模技术,给出了对象Petri网系统OPN的形式化定义,具体介绍了用OPN进行信息系统建模分析的基本思路与方法,并通过一个典型的租赁管理系统建模对该方法进行了应用。     

一种基于Petri网的工作流模型分解方法

工作流网的模型化简是模型有效分析的前提.在了解了工作流网及T-组件网相关定义的基础上,对工作流网的结构化简方法进行了分析,提出了一种简洁有效的工作流网模型的自由选择子网分解算法,给出了算法的过程同时也给出了算法的时间复杂度分析.最后,在算法的应用方面,将所提出的模型分解方法与目前常用的工作流网结构化简方法相结合,不仅可以有效提高模型化简的效率,而且还可以在模型化简的同时进行基于业务实例子网的模型分析.     

一种基于Petri网的工作流模型分解方法

工作流网的模型化简是模型有效分析的前提。在了解了工作流网及T-组件网相关定义的基础上,对工作流网的结构化简方法进行了分析,提出了一种简洁有效的工作流网模型的自由选择子网分解算法,给出了算法的过程同时也给出了算法的时间复杂度分析。最后,在算法的应用方面,将所提出的模型分解方法与目前常用的工作流网结构化简方法相结合,不仅可以有效提高模型化简的效率,而且还可以在模型化简的同时进行基于业务实例子网的模型分析。     

Fluid Stochastic Petri Nets Augmented with Flush-out Arcs: Modelling and Analysis

Fluid(or Hybrid) Petri Nets are Petri net based models with two classesof places: discrete places that carry a natural number of distinctobjects (tokens), and fluid places that hold a positive amountof fluid, represented by a real number. With respect to previousformulations, the FSPN model presented in this paper, is augmentedwith a new primitive, called flush-out arc. A flush-out arc connectsa fluid place to a timed transition, and has the effect of instantaneouslyemptying the fluid place when the transition fires. The paperdiscusses the modeling power of the augmented formalism, andshows how the dynamics of the underlying stochastic process canbe analytically described by a set of integro-differential equations.A procedure is presented to automatically derive the solutionequations from the model specifications. The whole methodologyis illustrated by means of various examples.     

A Rule-Based Approach for Process Discovery: Dealing with Noise and Imbalance in Process Logs

Effective information systems require the existence of explicit process models. A completely specified process design needs to be developed in order to enact a given business process. This development is time consuming and often subjective and incomplete. We propose a method that constructs the process model from process log data, by determining the relations between process tasks. To predict these relations, we employ machine learning technique to induce rule sets. These rule sets are induced from simulated process log data generated by varying process characteristics such as noise and log size. Tests reveal that the induced rule sets have a high predictive accuracy on new data. The effects of noise and imbalance of execution priorities during the discovery of the relations between process tasks are also discussed. Knowing the causal, exclusive, and parallel relations, a process model expressed in the Petri net formalism can be built. We illustrate our approach with real world data in a case study.

基于频繁增长模式的工作流过程挖掘方法

工作流管理系统要求能够清楚地表达出业务过程的工作流设计,通常工作流设计非常费时且容易出现错误。过程挖掘的方法从已经发生的业务日志记录中提炼出工作流模型,能方便地设计工作流管理系统。本文提出利用FP-tree(频繁增长模式)方法挖掘过程模型,使之能够有效地解决含有噪音数据的过程挖掘问题。     

Design and Implementation of Discrete Event Control Systems: A Petri Net Based Hardware Approach

This paper presents a methodology for modeling and hardware implementation of discrete event control systems based on the formalism of Petri nets (PN). The control algorithm is initially specified as an executable PN specification which is subsequently compiled directly into a compact machine code and stored in commercially available programmable read only memory (PROM). As an implementation platform, a programmable Petri net based dedicated discrete event controller is proposed. The scalable architecture of the controller is optimized to process PN constructs of all possible classes. A remarkable feature of the proposed architecture is its ability to handle explicit concurrency. The controller exploits hardware-level parallelism to track multiple tokens (control threads) through the net. The performance of the architecture has been verified and benchmarked on the fabricated integrated circuit (IC) prototype of the controller.     

基于面向对象Petri网的工作流建模及性能分析

工作流技术作为一种过程建模和过程管理的核心技术,在计算机应用领域获得了迅速的发展。介绍了工作流技术;提出了将面向对象建模技术融入Petri网模型所形成的面向对象Petri网,并讨论了建立基于面向对象Petri网的工作流模型的步骤;运用面向对象Petri网建立了某制造企业的产品方案处理流程的工作流模型,并运用性能等价公式对工作流模型的性能进行了分析。     

基于Petri网的网上股票交易系统模拟与验证

给出了基于时序Petri网下的网上证券交易系统,其模型过于复杂。由于Petri网本身很强的模拟能力,本文用P/T_系统,模拟了证券交易所的网上证券交易系统,进而用S-不变等方法对其进行了验证。     

基于面向对象Petri网的工作流建模及性能分析

工作流技术作为一种过程建模和过程管理的核心技术，在计算机应用领域获得了迅速的发展。介绍了工作流技术；提出了将面向对象建模技术融入Petri网模型所形成的面向对象Petri网，并讨论了建立基于面向对象Petri网的工作流模型的步骤；运用面向对象Petri网建立了某制造企业的产品方案处理流程的工作流模型，并运用性能等价公式对工作流模型的性能进行了分析。     

结合Petri网和Pi演算的协同业务过程建模

协同业务过程使组织业务过程同其他组织的业务过程间进行交互和协作,以形成相对稳定的过程视图,从而满足共同的商业目标。为确保过程模型的正确性,采用形式化方法对协同业务过程进行建模变得越来越重要。将Petri网和Pi演算进行交叉应用,提出了一种协同业务过程的建模方法。该方法采取关注点分离的原则,一方面,从控制流角度,针对协同业务过程面向流的特点,提出公共视图,使用Petri网直观描述参与协同组织的业务过程的静态结构和状态转换;另一方面,从交互角度,针对协同业务过程面向协作的特点,提出协作视图,使用Pi演算描述业务过程间的交互。为建立Petri网和Pi演算间的关联,提出了进程标号迁移系统。与传统的业务过程建模方法相比,该方法能有效支持协同业务过程具有的个性化特征。     

基于Petri网的混合动态系统接口层设计方法及其在热连轧中的应用

接口的设计是整个混合动态系统实现的关键。模拟模块化的思想，提出了基于Ｐｅｔｒｉ网转换器的实现方法，并且设计了热连轧过程从数值到符号的转换接口，为下一步实现实时调度奠定了基础。     

TFC-Reducing:一种基于属性语义距离和规则的文本型形式背景约简方法

形式概念分析作为数据分析和知识处理的形式化工具,可以有效的从海量文本数据中挖掘出人们感兴趣的知识,受到许多研究人员的推崇.形式概念分析的前提条件是必须有一个纯净、良好定义的形式背景.从文本中直接提取特征词,利用文本-特征词形成的文本型形式背景(Textual Formal Context TFC)是一个高度稀疏的二维表,带有很多的噪音信息,严重影响形式概念分析的建格效率以及概念格的结构.因此找到一种有效的文本型形式背景约简方法很有必要.本文综合考虑文本型形式背景的本质特征,从属性语义距离和数学原理出发,提出了一种文本型形式背景的约简方法TFC-Reducing,并给出文本型形式背景约简的评价方法--信息损失熵和语义覆盖度.     

Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Distributed Systems: An Approach by Partially Stochastic Petri Nets

We address the problem of alarm correlation in large distributed systems. The key idea is to make use of the concurrence of events in order to separate and simplify the state estimation in a faulty system. Petri nets and their causality semantics are used to model concurrency. Special partially stochastic Petri nets are developed, that establish some kind of equivalence between concurrence and independence. The diagnosis problem is defined as the computation of the most likely history of the net given a sequence of observed alarms. Solutions are provided in four contexts, with a gradual complexity on the structure of observations.     

人事档案管理系统及其时间Petri网工作流模型

该文介绍了分布式企业人事档案管理系统,用时间Petri网表示了档案管理系统的工作流模型,讨论了与时间有关和操作概率分布不同的工作流模型的性质,并对基本模型进行时序分析。利用线性时间推理规则,在线性时间复杂度内解决时间推理问题。并根据给出的系统每个操作的概率,求出了在不同时间区间内系统处理不同事件的概率分布。进而对系统进行分析。