旋转填充床内高黏介质脱除有机挥发组分过程强化

The removal of a volatile organic compound (VOC) from high viscous liquid was carried out in a rotating packed bed (RPB) in this study. The mixed liquid of syrup and acetone was used as simulated high viscous polymer solution with acetone as the volatile compound. The influence of the rotating speed of RPB, liquid viscosity, liquid flow rate, vacuum degree, and initial acetone content in the liquid on acetone removal efficiency was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal efficiency increased with increasing rotating speed and initial acetone content in the viscous liquid and decreased with increasing liquid viscosity and flow rate. It was also observed that acetone removal efficiency increased with an increasing vacuum degree and reached 58% at a vacuum degree of 0.1 MPa. By the comparison with a flash tank devolatilizer, it was found that acetone removal ef-ficiency in RPB increased by about 67%.     

Kinetic Correlation for the Hindered Diffusion of Proteins in a Porous Packing Column*

Abstract Hindered diffusion of proteins in a porous packing plays an important role in proteinchromatographic purification.The HETP method was adopted to analyze the influence of axialdispersion, film mass transfer and hindered diffosion in the porous packing employing a size-exclusionchromatography(SEC)process.The retention behavior with eight proteins of different relativemolecular mass was experimentally detected with a commercial SEC column.A correlation basedon the relative molecular mass of the proteins and the packing porosity was developed and used topredict the effective diffusion coefficient of a protein in the Porous packing.The predicted valuesof effective diffusion coefficient were very consistent with the experimental results with the averageerror of 8.6%.     

有机溶剂中树脂催化丙酮氰醇分解反应的动力学模型

Decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin is the first-step reaction for preparing (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (CPBA) by the one-pot method in organic media. Considering the compatibility of bio-catalysts with chemical catalysts and the successive operation in the bioreactor, anion exchange resin (D301) was used as catalyst for this reaction. External diffusion limitation was excluded by raising rotational speed to higher than 190r·min-1 in both solvents. Internal diffusion limitation was verified to be insignificant in this reaction system. The effect of acetone cyanohydrin concentration on the reaction was also investigated. An intrinsic kinetic model was proposed when the mass transfer limitation was excluded, and the average deviation of the model is 10.5%.     

基于多场协同理论的渗透蒸发传质模型

Toprovide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pervaporation procedure, a mass transfer model for pervaporation for binary mixtures was developed basedon the multi-fields synergy theory. This model used the mechanism of sorption-diffusion-desorption and introduced a diffusion coefficient, which was dependent on the feed concentration and temperature. Regarding the strong coupling effect in the mass transfer, the concentration distribution in membrane was predicted using the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory. The batch experiments and other experiments with constant composition-were conducted-using a modified chitosan pervaporatioffmembrane to separate tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）-water mixtures. The parameters of the mass transfer model were obtained from the flux of the experiments with a constant composition and the activity coefficients available through phase equilibrium equation, using the Willson equation in the feed side and the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory within the membrane The simulation results of the experiments .are in good agreement with the results, of the experiments.     

甲基二乙醇胺水溶液在改进的湿壁塔上吸收二氧化碳的动力学模型

To get more accurate kinetic data of the absorption of CO2 into aqueous solution of N-methyldiethanolamine, a wetted wall column was modified to more uniformly distribute the liquid on the column surface and gas in the absorbing chamber and change the length of the column. The average liquid film thickness and the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient were measured, and a correlation for the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number was obtained for the modified wetted wall column. The equilibrium concentrations in chemical reactions were calculated with a minor absolute error for calculating the rate constant more accurately. A mathematical model for the CO2 absorption was established based on the diffusional mass transfer accompanied with parallel reversible reactions, and the partial differential equation was solved by Laplace transform. An analytical expression for the concentration of carbon dioxide as a function of time and penetration depth in liquid film and the average interphase mass transfer rate was obtained. This model was also used to calculate the rate constant for a second-order reaction, which was in good agreement with reported data.     

有无静态混合器时的机械搅拌气升式环流反应器传递特性研究

The mechanically stirred internal loop airlift reactors equipped with or without static mixers are devised for intensification of gas-liquid mass transfer rate. The influences of superficial gas velocity, agitation or static mixers on gas hold-up, mixing time, liquid circulating velocity and volumetric mass transfer coefficient have been investigated with tap water and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that mechanical agitation is more efficacious than static mixer in highly viscous media for improving mass transfer in airlift reactors. The empirical correlation of volumetric mass transfer coefficient with apparent viscosity, and energy consumption for mechanical agitation and aeration is developed.     

竖直流动皂膜中解吸导致的Marangoni对流观察

In gas-liquid mass transfer processes,Marangoni convection may occur due to the surface tension gradient produced by mass transfer near the interface.With a falling soap film tunnel and the Schlieren optical method,the Marangoni convection patterns along the film surface were observed directly in the desorption process of acetone from the falling soap film.The Schlieren images showed the regular roll convection in the thin falling soap film during the acetone desorption.The hydraulic characteristics were determined experimentally by measuring the variation of acetone concentration in the film and the surface tension of the soap liquid.The results show that the acetone concentration gradient vertical to the falling direction is very small because the thickness of the soap film is in the order of 10^-6 m.The variation of acetone concentration along the falling film is large,so there is a significant surface tension gradient,resulting in the Marangoni roll convection.The experimental results and a qualitative analysis may be helpful to understand the mechanism of Marangoni convection near the interface in the mass transfer.     

搅拌式有限氧补偿条件下乳状液中多不饱和脂肪酸氧化模型

The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in emulsion with stirring and limited oxygen compensation was studied. A mathematical model of diffusion-oxidation was developed considering the mass transfer resistance of a gas-liquid boundary, the resistance of the boundary layer from the emulsifier membrane, and the autocatalytic-type autoxidation reaction of PUFA. The dynamic mass transfer coefficient of the emulsifier membrane, k0, was introduced. The model was verified by comparing the predictions of the model with the experi- mental data. The results indicated that the model was in good agreement with the oxygen diffusion and linoleic acid oxidation in the emulsion, and showed good applicability in the prediction of the effect of the emulsifier type on the oxidation of PUFA in the emulsion. It indicated that the oxidation of PUFA in emulsions, with stirring and limited oxygen compensation from the atmosphere, was controlled mostly by mass transfer resistance from the emulsifier membrane.     

第三分散相液滴增强气体吸收的一维非稳态非均相传质模型

A model for one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous mass transfer was developed based on Danckwerts’ surface renewal theory in order to describe the mass transfer enhancement of absorption process for a slightly soluble gas in a gas-liquid-liquid system. The model accounts for the mass transfer resistance within the dispersed phase and the effect of emulsion viscosity on mass transfer. An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained by Laplace domain transformation. The absorption rates of carbon dioxide in the dodecane-in-water and castor oil-in-water systems were measured in a thermostatic reactor, and the enhancement factors were calculated at different volume fractions of dispersed phase and stirrer speeds. The model predictions agree well with the experi-mental data.     

基于单气泡非稳膜机理的相际传质模型

A gas-liquid mass transfer model based on an unsteady state film mechanism applied to a single bubble is presented. The mathematical model was solved using Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution of concentration profile in terms of the radial position r and time t. The dynamic mass transfer flux was deduced and the influence of the bubble size was also determined. A mathematical method for deducing the average mass transfer flux directly from the Laplace transformed concentration is presented. Its accuracy is verified by comparing the numerical results with those from the indirect method. The influences of the model parameters, namely, the bubble size R, liquid film thickness δ, and the surface renewal constant s on the average mass transfer flux were investigated. The proposed model is useful for a better understanding of the mass transfer mechanism and an optimum design of gas-liquid contact equipment.     

旋转填充床中伴有可逆反应的气液传质

应用CO2-MDEA气液吸收体系,对旋转填充床中伴有可逆反应的气液传质过程进行了定量的模型研究。在所有反应都可逆的情况下,根据Higbie渗透理论建立了旋转床中CO2-MDEA体系的扩散-反应传质模型。通过模型对传质过程的定量描述以及实验结果对模型的验证,超重力旋转床的强化作用可进一步被揭示为:由于不断更新的液膜使得可溶性气体在液膜内形成较大的浓度梯度,从而极大地增大了传质系数,强化了传质;旋转床的强化作用是在动态的传质过程中完成的,液膜的寿命越短则传质系数越大。在不同转速、温度、MDEA浓度和气液流量条件下进行了实验,本文模型的模拟值和实验结果吻合较好。     

用渗滤法从桑白皮中浸取桑根酮的动力学模型

研究了用渗滤法从桑白皮中浸取药用成分桑根酮C、D的动力学,并建立了渗滤过程中的传质模型.通过多参数拟合得到高浓度下桑根酮C、D在丙酮和桑白皮纤维间的浸取等温线,以及在渗滤过程中的内扩散系数及液膜传质系数,并关联了渗滤过程中液膜传质系数和流速的关系.结果显示,本文所建立的传质模型较好地反映了渗滤操作中的传质过程.     

毛细管中泰勒流液侧传质特性及其强化机理的CFD模拟

采用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法,研究了圆管中泰勒流的液侧传质特性,分析了泰勒气泡上局部传质特性,并研究了气泡上升速度、液膜长度和液栓长度对液膜处和气泡半球帽处平均传质系数的影响。结果表明,泰勒气泡表面局部传质系数存在3个峰值,液膜处的平均传质系数随气泡上升速度增大显著增大,随液膜长度增大而减小,而半球帽处的平均传质系数随气泡速度和液膜长度的增大变化较小,即膜接触时间增加时,液膜处的传质系数降低,而半球帽处传质系数变化较小。另外,引入场协同原则对单元胞内速度场和浓度场进行分析,解释了局部传质特性及强化机理。最后,给出了分别预测短和长膜接触时间下泰勒流液侧体积传质系数的关联式,该式在较宽的管径尺度范围（0.25～3 mm）内的预测误差在±20%以内。     

Efficient capture of carbon dioxide with novel mass‐transfer intensification device using ionic liquids

A novel mass‐transfer intensified approach for CO₂ capture with ionic liquids (ILs) using rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor was presented. This new approach combined the advantages of RPB as a high mass‐transfer intensification device for viscous system and IL as a novel, environmentally benign CO₂ capture media with high thermal stability and extremely low volatility. Amino‐functionalized IL (2‐hydroxyethyl)‐trimethyl‐ammonium (S)?2‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid salt ([Choline][Pro]) was synthesized to perform experimental examination of CO₂ capture by chemical absorption. In RPB, it took only 0.2 s to reach 0.2 mol CO₂/mol IL at 293 K, indicating that RPB was kinetically favorable to absorption of CO₂ in IL because of its efficient mass‐transfer intensification. The effects of operation parameters on CO₂ removal efficiency and IL absorbent capacity were studied. In addition, a model based on penetration theory was proposed to explore the mechanism of gas–liquid mass transfer of ILs system in RPB. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2957–2965, 2013     

聚合物搅拌脱挥设备及其CFD模拟研究进展

综述了聚合物搅拌脱挥设备的开发进展,分析了设备开发过程存在的关键问题。指出卧式脱挥设备中的流动特性、混合特性、成膜特性以及表面更新特性等是强化传质的关键因素,具有自清洁搅拌特性的高效卧式脱挥设备是装备开发与研究的主要方向。阐述了计算流体力学(CFD)在研究高黏流体卧式搅拌设备内传递过程机理中的应用。基于网格重叠技术的有限元方法和基于动网格的有限体积方法可以解决复杂几何结构的桨叶和翅片、双轴的旋转运动以及啮合机构非常小的间隙等难题。借助于CFD中VOF多相流模型可以精确地追踪气液相界面,模拟反应器中的成膜过程和表面更新特性,进而可以深入分析设备中的传质过程,为高效聚合物脱挥设备的优化与设计提供了新的思路。     

超重力旋转填充床氧解吸过程的数值模拟

基于旋转填充床流体流动的可视化结果,建立了超重力旋转填充床气液传质过程的数学模型,模拟氮气解吸水中溶解氧的传质过程。模拟结果表明,缩短液相停留时间、提高液相扩散系数都能增大液相传质分系数k_L;总体积传质系数K_La随超重力因子的增加而增大、随温度的上升而增大、随气相流率的增加略有下降、随液相流率的增加明显增大;空腔区传质贡献率随空腔区的增大而增大,随超重力因子的增大而减小;且短暂的停留时间是超重力旋转填充床对传质过程强化的本质原因。模型较好地符合文献的实验数据,误差在±16%以内。     

Experimental researches on mass and heat transfer in new typical cross-flow rotating packed bed

New typical cross-flow Rotating Packed Bed(RPB)called multi-pulverizing RPB was manufactured.There is enough void in multi-pulverizing RPB,where liquid easily flows and is repeatedly pulverized by light packing,which decreases the material consumed,lightens the weight,and compacts the structure.Mass and heat transfer property in the new type PRB were studied by two experimental models.In the mass transfer model,the axial fan pumping gas press is only 100 Pa,mass transfer coefficient and volumetric mass transfer coefficient are similar to countercurrent RPB,which are an order quantity lager than that in the conventional packed tower.In the heat transfer experiment,the axial fan pumping gas press is only 120 Pa;volumetric heatwhich especially suits the treatment of large gas flow and lower gas pressure drop.     

红霉素在大孔树脂上的吸附动力学研究

采用液膜及孔内扩散模型,模拟不同温度和不同红霉素(EM)初始浓度条件下,大孔吸附树脂HZ816及XAD16吸附红霉素的动态吸附曲线,并获得液膜传质及孔内扩散系数;考察了温度及溶质浓度对红霉素在两种树脂中吸附动力学的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内,红霉素在HZ816和XAD16两种树脂上的吸附平衡数据满足Langmuir吸附等温线方程,液膜及孔内扩散模型能较好地描述红霉素在两种树脂上的吸附动力学,同时,模型拟合得到的液膜传质系数随着温度的升高而增大,随着初始浓度的增大而增大,孔内扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大,随着初始浓度的增大而减小.