电气化铁路弓网系统建模与仿真分析

研究电气化铁路受电弓一接触网结构系统优化建模问题,分析了接触线预弛度对弓网受流的影响.传统的弓网模型多采用模态振型叠加法进行求解,过程比较繁琐,且容易引起截断误差.针对上述问题,将接触网看作一个刚度不断变化的系统,与受电弓系统联立,给出了弓网运动方程,并提出采用Newmark方法进行直接积分求解.根据上述方法,使用ANSYS软件建立了弓网仿真模型,分析了预弛度对弓网受流质量的影响.仿真结果能够满足实际要求,可为接触网的设计提供参考.     

滑动电接触摩擦力的BP与RBF人工神经网络建模

在弓网系统中,受电弓滑板与接触网导线之间的摩擦力受机械、电气以及它们之间的交互作用影响。摩擦力与运行速度、接触电流以及受电弓滑板和接触网导线之间的压力载荷有着密切关系。通过对浸金属碳销（滑板）与铜盘（导线）的载流摩擦实验,得出在不同载流、速度以及载荷条件下的摩擦力特性规律。因摩擦力较难实现数学建模,故采用神经网络中应用最广的BP及RBF算法分别建立了以摩擦力作为输出,以接触压力、滑动速度和接触电流为输入的预测模型,并通过Matlab进行仿真与测试。结果表明：两种算法建立的预测模型均有较高的准确度及良好的泛化能力,为进一步波动载荷下弓网滑动电接触摩擦力预测建模的应用提供参考。     

高速列车弓网故障响应研究

弓网系统是牵引供电系统中重要组成部分,受电弓与接触线之间良好的动态性能是列车平稳受流的重要前提.由于列车速度的提高,弓网间耦合振动加剧,并直接导致弓网故障的发生.基于受电弓及接触网的结构动力学特性,建立了弓网垂向耦合振动系统模型,对弓网系统中受电弓连接件松动、接触线磨损、定位器失效等情况下的接触力响应进行了动力学仿真及分析,初步从动力学角度进行分类,为弓网接触力测控以及故障诊断打下基础.     

基于名义应力法的弹性链型接触网疲劳寿命预测

针对高速铁路弹性链型接触网进行接触线疲劳寿命预测分析.利用ANSYS,采用直接积分法对弓网耦合系统进行动态仿真,得到接触线的应力时程;运用雨流计数法得到离散的应力循环,采用应力修正算法得到平均应力为零的疲劳应力谱;通过简化方法估算获得材料S-N曲线,从而计算得到疲劳破坏次数;最终运用线性累积损伤理论预测接触线的疲劳寿命.对比分析接触线不同位置的疲劳寿命值,结果表明:接触线每跨疲劳寿命趋势一致;每跨在吊弦处和定位点处疲劳寿命较低,其中寿命最低值出现在左侧第一根吊弦处,疲劳寿命最低值为20 a左右.结果可为高速铁路弹性链型接触网接触线的实际施工维护和更换周期的确定提供参考.     

京沪高铁弓网系统动态接触仿真及预紧力优化

弓网接触状态直接影响电气化列车的受流性能,良好的弓网接触是高速列车安全运行的重要保证.采用Marc有限元软件及其子程序实现吊弦刚度的非线性特性模拟,并建立弓网动态接触的有限元模型,通过合理的单元类型的选用以及边界条件的定义进行仿真、分析和计算.对时速350 km/h列车和3组预紧力下的弓网接触关系进行仿真和分析,仿真计算得出较优的预紧力合理值.     

受电弓混合建模与弓网耦合振动分析

接触网、受电弓、列车行驶工况复杂多变,弓网耦合方程建立不全面,基于受电弓参数的弓网耦合振动分析有待进一步研究。将弓头柔性的理论建模建模与传统受电弓线性模型的实验建模结合,并将气动抬升力和车体振动模拟进弓网的非线性耦合模型。利用Newmark-β法求解响应后,基于受流质量性能判断指标,分析受电弓参数以及改进前后的弓网耦合模型在列车不同行驶速度下对弓网接触力的影响。结果表明:列车低速行驶时,模型改进前后的接触力仿真结果差异很小;列车高速行驶时,两者差异增大,非线性不容忽视。此外,仿真得出M₁,M₂,K₂,C₁是影响接触网系统与受电弓系统合理匹配的关键参数。     

苏州轨道交通5号线列车降弓拉弧问题分析

城市轨道交通线路弓网关系的稳定直接影响电客车的受流质量与设备安全。本文针对苏州轨道交通5号线列车库内静态调试过程中出现的一起降弓拉弧事件,通过建立数学模型,对电弧的伏安特性曲线与电弧能量进行了定性分析,为电客车降单弓不产生拉弧提供了理论依据。同时结合列车依次在降前、降后受电弓工况下辅助供电系统的运行逻辑,判断降后弓时的拉弧原因,并提出了有效的解决方案。     

一种跨座式单轨车弓网接触力检测系统

接触网和受电弓接触是否良好直接关系到列车的运行安全,而弓网接触力是衡量弓网受流质量和评价运行线路状况的重要指标.设计了一种跨座式单轨车弓网接触力检测系统,将光纤光栅应变计和温度计粘贴在受电弓的集电舟基板上,光栅解调仪将传感器的光信号转化为应变值发送给上位机,上位机对应变值数据处理得到弓网接触力.通过对集电舟的应力分析确定了光栅应变计最佳的粘贴位置,通过最小二乘拟合算法实现将集电舟应变值转换为弓网接触力;采用单轨车受电弓性能试验台对该系统进行标定,检测精度达到±5 N.该系统安装在跨坐式单轨车对重庆轨道交通3号线童家院子到鱼洞运行段进行弓网接触力检测,对运行线路状态评估.该测量系统具有可安装在运行车辆上,对受电弓结构影响小,可对弓网接触力实时监测的优点.     

基于ADASYN平衡数据的ISSA-KELM滑动电接触失效诊断

弓网滑动电接触的接触状态对电力机车的平稳运行有着直接的影响,为了判断一定工况条件下弓网滑动电接触是否失效,提出一种基于平衡数据集训练的改进麻雀算法优化核极限学习机失效诊断模型.首先,通过浸金属碳滑板与铜导线的对磨实验模拟机车运行,得到载流稳定系数与离线率随滑动速度、压力波动幅度、压力波动频率和接触电流的变化规律.其次,通过自适应综合过采样法对实验所得数据中的少数类样本进行扩充,将生成的平衡数据集用于训练核极限学习机失效诊断模型.同时,采用改进麻雀算法对模型的参数进行优化.针对基本麻雀算法存在的不足,将混沌镜向初始化策略、旋转搜索策略和柯西交叉变异策略应用于麻雀的位置更新,得到改进的麻雀算法.通过测试函数对其进行仿真测试,结果表明改进麻雀算法具有更好的稳定性和收敛精度.最后,通过将所提出模型与其他诊断模型进行对比,进一步表明了在不平衡数据集下该模型的有效性与改进算法的优越性.     

基于AVR单片机的弓网接触压力检测系统

弓网接触压力作为接触网的重要参数之一,对确保受流质量具有重要意义.针对供电段的实际情况,开发了一套采用AVR作为控制器的接触网弓网压力动态检测系统,实现了弓网压力的检测.设备的使用表明:系统运行稳定,检测效果好、测量数据准确,具有一定的应用前景.     

滑动电接触磨耗测控系统的研究

为了研究受电弓滑板和接触导线的摩擦磨损性能,研制了一台高性能滑动电接触磨耗试验机;其可以实现导线和滑板的均匀磨耗,可在一定范围内实现电流、载荷和速度等方面的单、多因素控制,实现对接触导线与滑板摩擦系数、滑板往复移动次数、接触导线与滑板磨耗量等的实时在线测量和数据储存,同时设计了基于LabVIEW的监测界面和数据处理系统。通过实验,分析了强电流对浸铜碳滑板摩擦磨损的影响,得出摩擦系数和磨耗率随电流的增大而增大的结论。     

高速受电弓非定常气动特性分析

为保证高速列车受电弓与接触网之间具有良好的接触特性,针对强烈气流干扰会引起受电弓振荡的问题,用脱体涡模拟(Detached Eddy Simulation,DES)方法研究高速列车受电弓在开、闭口运行条件下的非定常抬升、阻力特性.结果表明,开、闭口运行对受电弓气动特性的影响有较大不同,尤其对受电弓及其滑板的抬升力波动影响明显.开口运行时整弓和滑板的抬升力波动幅度明显大于闭口运行;而开、闭口运行对整弓和滑板气动阻力的大小与波动幅度的影响很小。     

SMA驱动丝的建模与仿真

研究SMA动力学优化模型,针对形状记忆合金(SMA)驱动丝具有强非线性、迟滞效应等特性,为设计SMA驱动丝的自适应结构,提出建立SMA驱动丝模型并提供高效的仿真方法。采用有限元软件实现了受轴向载荷的SMA驱动丝的仿真建模。对本构模型是根据自由能的一维热-力学耦合模型,可以同时复现形状记忆效应和超弹性。数值仿真能够引起材料相变的非均匀温度和应变分布。仿真结果表明,建立热-力学耦合模型,可为设计SMA驱动丝的自适应结构计算提供可靠依据。     

Contact force estimation and regulation in active pantographs: An algebraic observability approach

In this paper we extend our previous work concerning the regulation of the contact force in active train pantographs with wire‐actuators. In particular, we suggest a second‐order sliding mode based control scheme that avoids the direct measurement of the contact force, which is quite unpractical in real applications. The idea is to estimate the contact force using the measured displacements of the upper and lower pantograph frames. Unlike the contact force, the frames displacements can be measured accurately and reliably in practice. The estimation method, based on the algebraic observability theory, entails the use of real‐time sliding‐mode differentiators. It makes use explicitly of the mechanical characteristics of the upper frame only. The considered second‐order sliding mode control scheme also includes proper linear compensating cascade filters devoted to cope with the de‐stabilizing effects of the resonant wire actuator. We show that such a control scheme can be effectively combined with the given contact force estimation method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

A new arc detection method based on fuzzy logic using S-transform for pantograph–catenary systems

pantograph–catenary system is one of the critical components used in electrical trains. It ensures the transmission of the electrical energy to the train taken from the substation that is required for electrical trains. The condition monitoring and early diagnosis for pantograph–catenary systems are very important in terms of rail transport disruption. In this study, a new method is proposed for arc detection in the pantograph–catenary system based signal processing and S-transform. Arc detection and condition monitoring were achieved by using current signals received from a real pantograph–catenary system. Firstly, model based current data for pantograph–catenary system is obtained from Mayr arc model. The method with S-transform is developed by using this current data. Noises on the current signal are eliminated by applying a low pass filter to the current signal. The peak values of the noiseless signals are determined by taking absolute values of these signals in a certain frequency range. After the data of the peak points has been normalized, a new signal will be obtained by combining these points via a linear interpolation method. The frequency-time analysis was realized by applying S-transform on the signal obtained from peak values. Feature extraction that obtained by S-matrix was used in the fuzzy system. The current signal is detected the contdition as healthy or faulty by using the outputs of the fuzzy system. Furthermore the real-time processing of the proposed method is examined by applying to the current signal received from a locomotive.     

Contact force regulation in wire-actuated pantographs via variable structure control and frequency-domain techniques

One of the main problems in high-speed-train transportation systems is related to the current collection quality, that can dramatically decrease because of oscillations of the pantograph-catenary system. This problem has been addressed by means of active pantographs. In this paper we present some results about the possible implementation of variable structure control (VSC) techniques on a wire actuated symmetric pantograph. Such an actuator was suggested in the literature as a viable solution to building an active pantograph by modifying a passive pantograph currently used by Italian Railways. The use of VSC with sliding modes was considered in order to cope with the system uncertainties due to the overhead suspended catenary. Recent results about the frequency-based analysis of VSC systems featuring second-order sliding modes are exploited to avoid the performance-destroying effect of the resonant wire actuator and to get a continuous control force without using observers. We show by simulations that the contact force results are very close to the desired set-point also in the presence of measurement noise.     

PHiL pantograph testing via FE-based catenary model with absorbing boundaries

This paper presents an innovative power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) development platform for railway pantograph testing. A novel real-time-capable finite-element catenary model is proposed in a train-fixed moving-coordinate formulation combined with an efficient absorbing boundary layer to accurately depict railway catenary dynamics in the region around the pantograph contact point. The complex catenary dynamics is accurately and efficiently modeled, including nonlinear effects like dropper slackening, and a model-predictive impedance controller realizes the task of accurately emulating the virtual catenary dynamics on a real-world pantograph test rig.