基于C-B样条的三角形和四边形曲面生成

文章给出了基于C-B样条的由网格数据产生三角形和四边形曲面片的方法,C-B样条是由基底函数{sin t,cos t,t,1}导出的一种新型样条曲线,它可以克服现在正在使用的B样条和有理B样条为了满足数据网格的拓扑结构而增加多余的控制点,求导求积分复杂繁琐,阶数过高,从而讨论其连续拼接时增加了困难等缺点,如何将它推广成曲面就成为一个重要问题。作者利用边-顶点方法构造插值算子,再将这些算子进行凸性组合,将C-B样条曲线推广成三角形曲面片和四边形曲面片,它可以用于CAD的逆向工程中散乱数据的曲面重构。     

多形状参数的指数均匀B样条曲线曲面

论文构造了一类带多个形状参数的指数均匀B样条曲线曲面,它保持了指数均匀B样条曲线曲面的主要性质(如连续性、凸包性等).此类曲线在不改变控制顶点的情况下,通过改变其形状参数的取值,可以生成多条逼近于控制多边形的曲线,进而实现对曲线的整体或局部调控.此外,它还可以精确表示双曲线、悬链线等超越曲线.此类曲面是通过张量积的方法生成的,所以具有与曲线类似的性质.论文结尾给出了大量数值实例.     

带参数的二次三角多项式样条曲线

给出了带有参数λ的二次三角多项式样条曲线。与三次B样条曲线类似,曲线的每一段由相继的4个控制顶点生成。对于等距节点,在一般情形下,曲线达到了C1连续,而当λ=1时,曲线达到了C3连续。λ有明确的几何意义,λ越大,曲线越逼近控制多边形。还给出了用此种曲线表示椭圆和整圆的方法,在相同的控制顶点下,可生成一簇椭圆弧和圆弧。     

一种二元有理插值曲面的两个性质和点控制问题

文献[22]中已经构造了一种基于函数值的带参数的二元有理插值样条,它是分子为双四次、分母为双二次的有理样条。论文研究了该种二元有理插值样条的有界性,给出了插值的逼近表达式,讨论了插值曲面形状的点控制问题。在插值条件不变的情况下,插值区域内任一点插值函数的值可以根据设计的需要通过对参数的选取修改,从而达到插值曲面局部修改的目的。     

基于Kirov定理的带可控参数的多结点造型方法

基于Kirov定理,利用多结点样条函数,研究一类带有可控参数的曲线曲面造型方法。该方法是在普通的多结点样条中加入可控参数,通过调节这些参数可以控制插值曲线(面)在各型值点的切向量(切平面或法向量),从而达到满意的曲线(面)造型效果。该方法保持了多结点样条的基数型和局部性特点,特别是局部性使得可以只对插值曲线(面)作局部调整而不会影响整体,这有助于CAD或CAGD领域的工程人员去设计、调整曲线(面)的形状。     

一种(3,2)~1阶有理插值样条曲面及其凸性控制

本文构造了一种基于函数值的带形状参数的(3,2)1阶有理插值样条曲面,并研究该曲面中诸如边界插值、极限、解析和正则等性质.引入双八次九阶矩阵表示的凸性判别函数,推导了判定插值曲面凸性的充要条件.根据该条件给出数值实例,展示如何适当选取参数实现曲面的局部保凸控制.特别发现这种插值曲面的凸性在某些点处即使型值是凸的数据也是相对刚性的.     

用能量优化方法构造N边域曲面

本文以物理变形模型基础，利用二次优化方法构造Ｎ边域曲面，得到满足Ｎ条边界曲线约束的以Ｂ样条表示的曲面。用该法生成的Ｂ样条曲面不仅精确地符合Ｎ条边界曲线约束，而且其幂次不高于各边界曲线，因而比一般方法更具有实用价值。文中详细地阐述了该法的基本思路和实现方法，并给出了应用实例。     

B样条轴映射模型的构造方法

将轴变形方法引入B样条造型,以促进多肢物体如人体的建模。基本轴映射模型主要针对简单形体造型。为方便用户操作,它将B样条曲面的表面关键点分组映射至轴线上,而关键点被用来定义和操纵轴线及曲面的形状。为适应复杂的造型需求,将基本轴映射模型组合为复合轴映射模型,定义了模型间的连接关系和过渡曲面。测试表明,B样条轴映射模型可以实现简易、直观的多肢物体实时交互造型,并具有通用性和复用性。     

八心圆弧拟合椭圆误差的理论解析及最优解

在数控加工领域,由于加工刀具一般采用的是球刀,因此在加工非圆的曲面时采用的是用圆弧拟合的方法转换成圆弧加工,理论拟合精度决定了加工误差;圆弧拟合椭圆有无数解,针对八心圆弧拟合椭圆没有准确的误差算法导致拟合椭圆的精度较模糊这一问题,根据图形学理论提出了等差拟合弧的概念,确定了八心圆弧拟合椭圆的定解区间,导出了拟合椭圆的八心圆弧法向误差超越方程解析式,并用二分法求解,在AutoCAD环境下应用Visual LISP语言编程,求解出根据法向误差确定八心圆弧拟合椭圆的最小误差带,从而确定八心圆弧拟合椭圆的最优解,使八心圆弧是否可以拟合给定形状公差的椭圆有了准确的判断依据.     

基于NURBS的PDE曲面构造法研究及应用

由非均匀有理Ｂ样条曲线曲面给定边界条件，用偏微分方程来构造曲面，以参数“ａ”控制其整体形状，本文分析其思路原理及过程，并列举了在ＣＡＤ上的应用，最后分析了优缺点。     

CE-Bézier曲面光滑拼接的研究与实现

针对CE-Bézier曲面造型中复杂曲面难以用单一曲面来表示的问题,通过分析CE-Bézier曲线的唯一性,提出了一种新的CE-Bézier曲面的光滑拼接技术。首先,在分析第1类CE-Bézier曲线基函数及其端点性质的基础上,对第1类CE-Bézier曲线的唯一性进行了研究,得出了对于同一条第1类CE-Bézier曲线可以有很多组不相同的控制顶点和形状参数与之对应的结论;其次,利用该结论进一步给出了两相邻第1类CE-Bézier曲面片间G1光滑拼接的一般几何条件,并通过合理地选取形状参数,进一步简化了该曲面的G1拼接条件;最后,给出了第1类CE-Bézier曲面光滑拼接的几何造型实例。实例结果表明,该方法简单、直观、易实现,有效地增强了CE-Bézier方法表达复杂曲线曲面的能力,可广泛地应用于工程复杂曲面的造型系统中。     

基于“广义形体分析法”的高职图学课程改革探索与实现

"广义形体分析法"是"工程图学"课程改革的一种探索性创新思维方法,它将课程核心内容整体分解为几何元素、几何结构、功能组合、零件装配、知识与技能等5个块元。介绍了基于"广义形体分析法"的高职"工程图学"课程改革方案及其实现关键,进行了改革的初步探索和实践,取得了较好的成效。实践结果表明,该方法能有效提升图学基础与应用的教学效果,有助于职业快速适应、逻辑思维形成及创新能力提升。     

正交完备U系统及其在CAGD中的应用

引入一类L2[0,1]的正交完备分片k次多项式系统(称为U系统),U系统能实现对分段k次多项式的有限精确表达。基于U系统这一特点,给出了参数曲线、参数曲面图组的U谱信息转换算法,进而用于几何信息的分析与综合,并引入一个不变量——“能量”,利用它可以进行几何图组的分类。这一方法能在信息安全及模式识别等方面有实用价值。     

曲线插值的一种具有还圆性的细分方法

传统的线性四点插值细分方法不能表示圆等非多项式曲线,为了解决这种问题,基于几何特性提出了一种带有一个参数的四点插值型曲线细分方法。细分过程中,过相邻三插值点作圆,过相邻二插值点的圆弧有两个中点,将其加权平均得到新插值点,文中给出了插值公式和算法描述。所给方法具有还圆性,可以实现保凸性。实例分析对比了本方法与多种细分方法的差异,说明本方法是有效的,当参数取值较小时,曲线靠近控制多边形。     

Generation of on-axis and off-axis conic surfaces of revolution by applying a tubular tool

A new technique, fabrication of aspherical ultraprecise surfaces using a tube, is applied to the generation of conic surfaces of revolution, which also demonstrates that it is possible to generate different kinds of surfaces with the same tube. Surfaces are considered that are generated with the same tube with an elliptical edge but with different off-axis distances and different angles between the tube and the surface. Subsequently it is shown that the generated surface is always a radial section of a conic surface. In addition it is proven that the shape of the generated conic surface is independent of the off-axis distance. With each elliptical tube edge a range of different conic surfaces can be made depending on the angle between tube and surface. The more the tube edge resembles a circle, the larger will be the range of different surfaces. For each tube an angle between the tube and the surface exists at which it generates an on- or off-axis part of a semi-ellipsoid. Finally, an optimization technique is presented for the determination of the best combination of process-determining parameters for the generation of a certain conic surface.     

NURBS曲面的过渡曲面生成

曲面过渡是几何造型的关键技术之一，本文提出的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面的过渡曲面生成方法，能够处理曲面内具有不同连续性的情况，解决了ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面的等半径，变半径过渡及三面过渡问题，并在超人ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统中实现。     

Improved neural network model for reverse engineering

While conventional engineering transforms engineering concepts into real parts, in reverse engineering real parts are transformed into engineering models. The construction of a surface from three-dimensional (3D) measuring data points is an important problem in reverse engineering. This paper presents a reconstruction method for the sculptured surfaces from the 3D measuring data points. The surface reconstruction scheme is presented based on a neural network. The reconstruction of the existing surfaces is realized by training the network. A series of measuring points from existing sculptured surfaces is used as a training set. Once the neural network has been trained, it serves as a geometric model to generate all the points that are needed. However, the learning rate for the neural network is relatively slow, and the learning accuracy is often unacceptably low. In this paper, to improve the performance of the neural network, a pre-processor is proposed before the input layer. The pre-processor maps the input into the larger space by generating a set of linearly independent values. The effect of the pre-processor is to increase modelling accuracy, and reduce learning time. Based on this method, experimental results are given to show that the reconstructed surfaces are faithful to the original data points. The proposed scheme is useful for regular or irregular digitized data.     

组合体及其形体分析法的基本理论问题探讨

传统工程制图教材关于组合体及其形体分析法的有关理论存在不足之处,本文在阐述组合体概念特有属性的基础上,探讨了叠加体的分解与组合、切割体的形成及虚体补合等涉及的各种表面连接关系。     

An element implementation of the boundary face method for 3D potential problems

This work presents a new implementation of the boundary face method (BFM) with shape functions from surface elements on the geometry directly like the boundary element method (BEM). The conventional BEM uses the standard elements for boundary integration and approximation of the geometry, and thus introduces errors in geometry. In this paper, the BFM is implemented directly based on the boundary representation data structure (B-rep) that is used in most CAD packages for geometry modeling. Each bounding surface of geometry model is represented as parametric form by the geometric map between the parametric space and the physical space. Both boundary integration and variable approximation are performed in the parametric space. The integrand quantities are calculated directly from the faces rather than from elements, and thus no geometric error will be introduced. The approximation scheme in the parametric space based on the surface element is discussed. In order to deal with thin and slender structures, an adaptive integration scheme has been developed. An adaptive method for generating surface elements has also been developed. We have developed an interface between BFM and UG-NX(R). Numerical examples involving complicated geometries have demonstrated that the integration of BFM and UG-NX(R) is successful. Some examples have also revealed that the BFM possesses higher accuracy and is less sensitive to the coarseness of the mesh than the BEM.