真空感应炉熔炼合金钢时用氮化物增氮的试验研究

分析了真空度、温度和氮化物成分对钢中氮溶解度影响,并在50 k真空感应炉对不同化学成分的合金钢(/%:0.06～0.36C、≤3.23Si、≤2.20Al、≤9.00Cr)进行3种氮化物-氮化硅、氮化锰和氮化铬的增氮试验。结果表明,气相中氮气分压对钢液中氮溶解度影响最大;钢中Ti、Cr提高氮溶解度和氮化物的收得率;增加C含量则降低氮溶解度和氮化物的收得率;钢中含有一定量的铝,可以显著提高氮化物的收得率。40 kPa氩气压力,1 600～1 650℃时在硅钢、结构钢和9%Cr钢中氮化硅、氮化锰、氮化铬的收得率分别为25%～30%、30%～50%、60%～100%。     

真空感应炉冶炼高纯净钢的方法

对真空感应炉冶炼高纯净钢的成分控制机理进行了分析研究,在此基础上,通过改进真空感应炉冶炼过程中功率、真空度及加料的工艺,使真空感应炉生产出成分为(质量分数)C:0.000 8%,O:0.001 4%,N:0.001 2%,Als:0.001 0%,S:0.000 9%,H:0.000 1%的高纯净钢,为新钢种的研发奠定了基础。     

真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼高氮马氏体不锈钢

研究了在真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼条件下氮在马氏体不锈钢0Cr16Ni5Mo中的溶解度,探讨了炉内保护气体种类、氮化铬铁加入量对钢中氮含量的影响.结果表明,炉内保护气体种类对钢中氮的溶解度有较大影响,氮化铬铁合金加入量对钢氮含量的影响因保护气体种类不同而异.     

非真空感应炉—电渣重熔冶炼高氮不锈钢的实验研究

采用非真空感应炉-电渣重熔炉进行了高氮不锈钢的冶炼实验,分析了电渣锭成分的均匀性,并对电渣锭的内外部质量进行了检测。采取合适的氮合金化和出钢工艺,较好地控制了钢锭凝固过程中的氮溢出问题,电渣锭成分均匀,内外部质量良好,可以满足用户的质量要求。     

氮含量对无镍奥氏体不锈钢平衡相转变的影响

高氮铬锰奥氏体不锈钢有着极为广泛的应用前景,然而氮含量对其相转变的影响尚不十分清晰。设计并冶炼了氮质量分数为0.02%～1.20%的试验钢,对各钢的平衡相转变进行了热力学计算,对δ铁素体和Cr₂N的形貌进行了观察。结果表明,钢中δ铁素体的最大析出量随着氮含量的升高而降低,当氮质量分数超过1.05%后,无δ铁素体析出。获得了试验钢加热时δ铁素体的析出温度与氮含量的关系式。随着氮含量的升高,试验钢在冷却时Cr₂N的析出温度逐渐升高,并获得了其定量关系式。在GN04钢中,1 200 ℃等温2 h后的δ铁素体主要沿三叉晶界分布。Cr₂N析出优先在晶界形成,然后朝着晶内发展。在相同等温条件下,试验钢中Cr₂N的析出量随着氮含量的升高而增大,且层片间距随之减小。     

氮含量和微量钛对20CrMnB钢淬透性的影响

本文研究了与电弧炉，平炉、转炉钢中氮含量相当的氮含量和微量钛对20CrMnB钢淬透性的影响。结果表明．随着钢中氮含量增加，其淬透性降低。用因子Cβ=3．43N—Ti来表达氮和钛对20CrMnB钢淬透性的综合影响。提出对于平炉．转炉冶炼的低氮20CrMnB钢，可用钛固定钢中氮；而对于电弧炉冶炼的高氮钢，宜采用铝和钛同时加入工艺。     

真空感应炉坩埚材质对Cr12钢纯净度的影响

研究和分析了10 kg真空感应炉Mg O和Ca O坩埚对所熔炼Cr12钢的纯净度影响.结果表明,采用Mg O坩埚进行真空冶炼,精炼真空度为50~100 Pa时,钢中w[O]达到最低,为0.002 79%,精炼真空度为5~10 Pa时,钢中w[N]达到最低,为0.001 8%;采用Ca O坩埚进行真空冶炼,精炼真空度为5~10 Pa时,钢中w[O]达到最低,为0.000 58%,钢中w[N]也达到最低,为0.001 5%.     

真空感应炉充氩冶炼高氮Cr-Mn-Mo-Cu奥氏体不锈钢

用 2 5kg真空感应炉在Ar气压力 (0 4 0～ 0 4 5 )× 10 5Pa下进行成分 (% )为 0 0 10～ 0 0 4 7C ,16 0 4～ 19 72Cr,6 39～ 15 31Mn ,1 83～ 3 2 9Mo ,0 2 5～ 1 4 4Cu ,0 2 4～ 0 4 6N的奥氏体不锈钢的熔炼试验 ,研究炉内压力、合金成分、添加氮化物类型和熔化停留时间对钢中氮含量和氮的回收率的影响。试验结果表明 ,加入氮化锰的增氮效果和氮的回收率均优于粒状氮化铬和氮化铬 氮化锰的混合物 ;随钢中合金元素的增加 ,氮的活度系数降低 ,钢中氮含量和氮的回收率明显提高。     

430Ti冶炼工艺的研究

本文阐述了制作彩色显像管销钉用材,Al、N含量极低的430Ti钢的冶炼工艺。低N低Al的真空铬是冶炼该钢较为理想的铬料,并在真空感应炉中提纯,以降低其氧量。在提纯时将铬量配至19％是合理的。在真空感应矿中冶炼430Ti钢时,待钢液脱氧良好时加入J-Ti,有利于提高和稳定Ti的收得率,确保游离Ti的含量。在高真空,较低温度的条件下,通过较长时间的精炼,由于Ti与N结合成TiN并充分上浮,可使铜液中的N量降低至0.91％以下。     

感应炉生产铬锰氮铸件实践

铬锰氮钢铸件的制造常因钢中含氮（N）使铸件产生气孔。本文介绍了应用感应炉冶炼铬现锰氮时，通过严格冶炼工艺措施，较发的防止铸件出气孔缺陷的经验。     

���͸ߵ������������������Ч������

In order to research the effect of nitrogen absorption with blowing N2 and adding FeCrN alloy to the liquid steel, the nick-free high nitrogen stainless steel (17Cr12Mn2Mo) was smelted on the 50kg vacuum induction melting furnace by changing the nitrogen pressure, temperature and adding FeCrN alloy. The result was compared to the theoretical calculation. The results show, stainless steel with certain nitrogen content can be smelted through changing nitrogen pressure and temperature, and the effect of increasing nitrogen pressure is much better than changing temperature, when the nitrogen pressure is up to 0??65MPa, the actual result is equal to the theoretical calculation; the effect of adding FeCrN alloy is better than increasing nitrogen press and controlling temperature, and the actual result is higher than the theoretical calculation.     

High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels Manufactured by Nitrogen Gas Alloying and Adding Nitrided Ferroalloys

 A simple and feasible method for the production of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels involves nitrogen gas alloying and adding nitrided ferroalloys under normal atmospheric conditions. Alloying by nitrogen gas bubbling in Fe Cr Mn Mo series alloys was carried out in MoSi2 resistance furnace and air induction furnace under normal atmospheric conditions. The results showed that nitrogen alloying could be accelerated by increasing nitrogen gas flow rate, prolonging residence time of bubbles, increasing gas/molten steel interfaces, and decreasing the sulphur and oxygen contents in molten steel. Nitrogen content of 069% in 18Cr18Mn was obtained using air induction furnace by bubbling of nitrogen gas from porous plug. In addition, the nickel free, high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels with sound and compact macrostructure had been produced in the laboratory using vacuum induction furnace and electroslag remelting furnace under nitrogen atmosphere by the addition of nitrided alloy with the maximum nitrogen content of 081%. Pores were observed in the ingots obtained by melting and casting in vacuum induction furnace with the addition of nitrided ferroalloys and under nitrogen atmosphere. After electroslag remelting of the cast ingots, they were all sound and were free of pores. The yield of nitrogen increased with the decrease of melting rate in the ESR process. Due to electroslag remelting under nitrogen atmosphere and the consequential addition of aluminum as deoxidizer to the slag, the loss of manganese decreased obviously. There existed mainly irregular Al2O3 inclusions and MnS inclusions in ESR ingots, and the size of most of the inclusions was less than 5 μm. After homogenization of the hot rolled plate at 1 150 ℃×1 h followed by water quenching, the microstructure consisted of homogeneous austenite.     

超纯奥氏体不锈钢005Cr25Ni20冶炼工艺研究

005Cr25Ni20钢(%:24～26Cr、19～22Ni)要求C、P、S、Si等杂质元素含量低-(%):≤0.010C、≤0.010S、≤0.010P、≤0.15Si,因此采用3 t真空感应炉+真空自耗重熔炉冶炼工艺。通过采用优质纯铁(%:0.009C、0.035Si、0.001 2S、0.004 5P)、高纯铬铁(%:0.010～0.021C、0.11～0.13Si、0.002 5～0.005 0S、0.001 5～0.005 0P)和Ni板(Ni≥99%),真空感应炉熔炼时加A1、金属Ca、Ni-Mg脱氧,全程计算机控制真空自耗重熔速度,该钢成品化学成分为(%):0.005～0.007C、0.33～0.34Mn、0.03～0.04Si、0.001～0.002S、0.004～0.005P、24.34～24.62Cr、21.20～21.25Ni,达到技术要求,钢中氧含量为(12～22)×10^-6,低于电渣重熔钢的氧含量-(30～80)×10^-6。     

气体增氮法冶炼钒氮微合金钢

从理论上分析了钢液增氮的热力学、动力学影响因素,进行了BOF＋RH双联吹氮冶炼钒氮钢试验。结果表明,转炉底吹、RH喷吹均能有效增加钢液氮含量。RH真空度两段式控制既能满足控氢要求又能实现钢液搬出时较高的氮含量。BOF＋RH双联吹氮气工艺可以不加含氮合金冶炼钒氮微合金钢。     

Production of Nitrogen-Bearing Stainless Steel by Injecting Nitrogen Gas

 To replace nickel-based stainless steel, a nitrogen-bearing stainless steel was produced to lower the production cost stemming from the shortage of nickel recourses. Thermodynamic model to calculate the saturated nitrogen content in the stainless steel was developed and the model was validated by experimental measurements performed with a high temperature induction furnace. Nitrogen gas under constant pressure was injected into the molten steel with a top lance. Thus, the nitrogen was transferred to the molten stainless steel. The effects of chemical composition, temperature, superficial active elements and nitrogen flow rate on the transfer of nitrogen to the steel were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the dissolution rate of nitrogen in the molten steel increases with a higher temperature and larger nitrogen flow rate but decreases significantly with an increase in the content of surface-active elements. Alloying elements such as chromium and manganese having a negative interaction coefficient can increase the dissolution of nitrogen in the molten steel. It was also proposed that the primary factor affecting the final saturated nitrogen content is temperature rather than the dissolved oxygen content.     

Effect of protected electroslag remelting on cleanliness of G20CrNi2Mo bearing steel

To meet the high cleanliness requirements of bearing steel used in high-speed railway trains, a new production process combining vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting (ESR) was used to produce G20CrNi2Mo bearing steel. To investigate the effect of remelting on the cleanliness of the steel, two kinds of G20CrNi2Mo steels were prepared using an ESR furnace with and without high-purity argon protection. The results show that the G20CrNi2Mo electrodes smelted using a vacuum induction furnace have very high cleanliness 0.010[P%]–0.004[S%]–0.0012[O%]–0.0041[N%]). Unprotected ESR leads to an increased oxygen content, while protected ESR prevents any increase in oxygen content. Both protected and unprotected ESR results in significant desulphurisation, with desulphurisation rates reaching over 50%. The protected ESR process removes Al₂O₃–SiO₂–MnO inclusions, and the remaining inclusions in the steel can be divided into two categories, Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃–MnS.     

氩直流辉光等离子体钢液脱氮的研究

用25 kg真空感应炉对0.02%C钢液进行氩直流(DC)辉光等离子体条件的脱氮实验,研究了氩辉光等离子体对钢液脱氮动力学的影响。结果表明,氩辉光等离子体钢液脱氮速度和脱氮效果明显优于真空钢液脱氮,当钢液氧含量为180×10^-6,在氩辉光等离子体下钢液中氮含量可降至9×10^-6。氩辉光等离子体对钢液的脱氮效果体现在界面化学反应上,提供了加速脱氮反应的动力学条件。     

真空感应熔炼含铝钢的脱氧规律

 通过热力学分析研究了用氧化钙坩埚熔炼含铝钢时熔炼温度、真空度和钢液铝含量与氧化钙分解向钢液增氧的关系。在25 kg真空感应炉中分别用电熔镁砂和氧化钙砂捣打坩埚熔炼含铝钢,在10~50 Pa真空度下,镁砂坩埚表现出强烈的供氧倾向,全氧含量随着钢中铝烧损量的增加而增加;而氧化钙坩埚不向钢液供氧。随着钢液中Al2O3夹杂被氧化钙坩埚吸收同化,全氧的质量分数逐渐下降至3×10-6。