我国材料科学技术的重要进展

为了推动我国材料科学技术的发展，1996年11月在北京劳动大厦举行了一次跨行业、多学科交叉的综合性盛会──’96中国材料研讨会。从这次大型研讨会上，可以看到我国材料科学技术有相当大的发展，有的在前沿领域做出了高水平有影响的工作，有的开拓了交叉领域新的生长点。在以下一些领域内取得了比较重要的进展：半导体材料方面用MOCVD、MBE等方法制备了GaN单晶薄膜材料，并观测到了蓝、绿色光，制备出In（Ga）As／GaAs量子点多层结构，在国际上首次测到正人射的红光吸收。磁性材料方面纳米晶软磁材料、纳米晶交换耦合复合永磁材料、…     

纳米ZrO2在复合镀中的应用

对纳米ZrO2粉末在制备复合镀层中的应用及改善镀层性能的机理,包括制备高硬度、高耐磨、高温抗氧化、耐腐蚀和具有电化学活性等功能的复合镀层的最新进展以及纳米颗粒在改善镀层耐腐蚀性和增强镀层硬度等方面的可能机理,主要包括超细晶强化、硬质点弥散强化和高密度位错强化等进行了介绍.     

纳米晶粉末制备复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

本文研究了用机械合金化方法制备出Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｆｅ基纳米晶复合粉末，用常规粉末冶金工艺烧结出试样，测试了复合材料的常温摩擦磨损性能，并对其显微组织进行了分析，认为纳米晶的界面确实机改善Ｓｉ３Ｎ４与Ｆｅ的结合强度。     

Al2O3/TiC纳米复合刀具材料的力学性能与增韧强化机理

利用热压烧结工艺，制备成功Al2O3／TiC纳米复合陶瓷刀具材料。与同组分的微米级刀具材料相比，其断裂韧度和抗弯强度分别提高74．5％和23．5％。SEM观察表明，Al2O3／TiC纳米复合陶瓷刀具材料的断裂方式主要是穿晶断裂，材料的断口处存在大量的晶粒拔出。TEM观察到Al2O3／TiC纳米复合材料中有典型的内晶结构。     

新型纳米复合涂料获发明专利

日前，中科院金属研究所采用两步法纳米氧化物浓缩浆技术，制备出系列纳米复合涂料，其性能达到国外同类产品先进水平。目前，科研人员已研制出纳米复合飞机蒙皮聚氨酯涂料，纳米复合封孔涂料，抗紫外线、耐磨、光催化功能涂料等具有不同功能的纳米复合涂料。该成果荣获了2005年辽宁省惟一的技术发明一等奖，并获得了13项发明专利。     

新型纳米复合涂料获发明专利

中科院金属研究所采用两个不法纳米氧化物浓缩浆技术，制备出系列纳米复合涂料，其性能达到国外同类产品先进水平。目前，科研人员已研制出纳米复合飞机蒙此聚氨酯涂料，纳米复合封孔涂料，抗紫外线、耐磨、光催化功能涂料等具有不同功能的纳米复合涂料。该成果荣获了2005年辽宁省唯一的技术发明一等奖，并获得了13项发明专利。     

超声电沉积制备纳米金属陶瓷复合镀层工艺

基于超声电沉积复合作用,研究在金属表面获得纳米金属陶瓷复合镀层的基本工艺。通过试验研究了超声波对镀层中纳米陶瓷粒子的含量、分布以及基质金属晶粒的影响,一定条件下镀液中纳米粒子含量与镀层中纳米粒子含量的对应关系。通过超声和电沉积两种技术的有机结合,在常用金属表面获得由尺寸50nm以下的镍晶和纳米SiC粒子构成的纳米级金属陶瓷复合镀县。     

射流电铸快速成型纳米晶铜的组织与性能

采用射流电铸快速成型方法制备了纳米晶铜铸层,并用SEM、XRD等方法对纳米晶铜铸层表面形貌、微观组织结构以及晶粒大小进行了分析,对纳米晶铜铸层的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:在电铸电流密度为300 A·dm-2时,制备的纳米晶铜平均晶粒尺寸为47.4 nm,纳米晶铜铸层的抗拉强度为470 MPa,伸长率为14%,抗拉强度是粗晶铜的3.6倍.     

脉冲射流电铸纳米晶铜的组织与性能

采用射流电铸快速成型方法,在脉冲电流条件下制备了铜铸层,研究了脉冲电流频率和峰值电流密度对铜铸层表面形貌、微观组织结构、晶粒大小以及力学性能的影响。结果表明：在高电流密度下制备出的块体纳米晶铜,晶粒尺寸为32-65nm;提高脉冲电流频率和峰值电流密度有利于获得颗粒细小、表面平整的纳米晶铜铸层;制备的纳米晶铜最大抗拉强度高达590MPa,是普通粗晶铜的4．5倍,纳米晶铜的最大伸长率为10％．     

添加纳米MoS2镍-磷化学复合镀层的制备与微观形貌

运用化学复合镀技术制备出添加纳米MoS2的镍-磷复合镀层.研究了制备过程中镀液中分散剂种类、MoS2添加数量以及镀前试样表面粗糙度对复合镀层的影响.结果表明:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)可以很好地在镀液中分散纳米MoS2,镀液中添加纳米MoS2颗粒的最佳值是2.0 g/L;镀前试样表面粗糙度值过低不利于提高复合镀层中纳米MoS2的复合量.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.