黑豆皮红色素提取及影响其稳定性因素分析

试验研究了黑豆皮红色素的最佳提取条件及光、pH值、温度、氧化剂、还原剂、金属离子、糖类、氨基酸等因素对其稳定性的影响。结果表明，黑豆皮红色素最佳提取工艺是：95％乙醇与0．1％HCl按1：2混合作提取剂，物料与提取剂比为1：40(g：mL)，温度70℃，浸提时间100min。Ca^2 、Cu^2 、Zn^2 对此色素有增色作用；Fe^3 对其有破坏作用；该色素对光、氧化剂、还原剂不稳定；低温下相对稳定；氨基酸对它的破坏作用很大；糖、酸也有不同程度的影响。     

仙人掌绿色素的提取及稳定性研究

研究了墨西哥"米邦塔"仙人掌绿色素的提取工艺及光、热、微波、碳水化合物、常见的金属离子、有机酸和防腐剂等因素对仙人掌绿色素的影响,并研究了该色素的耐酸碱性、耐氧化性和耐还原性.结果表明:以无水乙醇为提取剂、料液比为2∶5、60℃条件下浸提40min,进行2次浸提效果最佳,且微波对浸提有一定的促进作用;该色素在中性和近中性溶液中相对稳定,有两个吸收峰分别在410nm和670nm处;对光、热、氧化剂敏感,对弱还原剂较稳定;在部分碳水化合物、有机酸、食盐、防腐剂溶液中不稳定;在金属离子中,除Na 、K 、Mg2 外,大多数金属离子对该色素无不良影响.     

黑布林皮中花青素的提取工艺优化及稳定性研究

以国产黑布林皮干粉为原料,采用正交试验对黑布林皮中的花青素提取工艺进行优化,确定了适宜的提取工艺条件为：75％乙醇溶液、pH2．5、浸提温度50℃、浸提时间60min、料液比1：5,可得最大花青素提取率为539．66mg／100g。此外,对提取产物的稳定性研究的结果表明：黑布林皮花青素可与常用的食品基质配伍,对热、酸及常见的金属离子都有较好的稳定性,金属离子对该色素影响较小,而Fe^3＋使色素稳定性下降。     

黑豆色素的提取及其理化性质的研究

对黑豆色素的提取及稳定性进行了研究，确定了较好的提取方法。提取剂：盐酸；提取温度：60℃左右；提取率：17．36％(按黑豆皮干重计)。对黑豆色素的稳定性研究表明：该色素对热、还原剂、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠以及部分金属离子较稳定，对光和氧化剂不稳定。     

石榴皮原花青素的微波提取工艺及其稳定性研究

采用微波法提取野生石榴皮中的原花青素,同时考察光照、温度、金属离子、PH及食品添加剂对原花青素稳定性的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验得出微波提取石榴皮原花青素的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度80％、料液比1：50、提取温度65℃、微波功率500W、提取时间120s、提取2次,原花青素的得率为2．62％。稳定性研究表明,光照条件下色素稳定性较差;高温对色素有降解作用,60℃以下稳定性良好;pH值为5时色素稳定性好;金属离子Cu^2＋和Al^3＋对原花青素的稳定性影响显著;苯甲酸对原花青素稳定性影响显著。     

薯莨色素的提取以及稳定性研究

本文对从薯莨中提取薯莨色素的方法进行了优选，得到了提取的最佳工艺：70％丙酮溶液为提取剂，溶质和溶剂比1：5，60℃水浴中浸提3h。并且对提取的薯莨色素的pH、光照、温度和金属离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究，结果表明，薯莨色素较长时间的光照对其稳定性有影响，适宜避光保存；在70℃以下、酸碱为中性的条件下性质稳定；Fe^2＋和Zn^2＋对其稳定性的影响不大，但是Ti^4＋对其影响很大。     

天然水溶性火棘色素在不同环境条件下的稳定性研究

本文主要研究了火棘色素在不同环境下的稳定性，实验结果表明：天然火棘色素颜色鲜亮，在溶液酸度为pH3左右时对光较稳定，在温度低于90℃火棘色素基本上是稳定的，此外大多数的金属离子对其无影响，但是对Cu^2 、Fe^3 较敏感。此外防腐剂对火棘色素的稳定性影响不显著，而碳水化合物可以增强火棘色素的稳定性。     

超级黑糯玉米色素提取及稳定性研究

本研究探讨了超级黑糯玉米色素的最佳提取条件和色素的稳定性。结果表明,以95%乙醇与0.1mol/L HCl作混合提取剂,料液比1:10,在60℃下浸提120min,浸提3 次效果最佳。超级黑糯玉米色素光、热稳定性好;蔗糖和葡萄糖对色素的影响不大,但氧化剂和还原剂皆不利于色素稳定性的保持;金属离子Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+ 对色素影响很小,Fe3+ 对色素有显著影响。     

超声波辅助提取黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性的研究

运用超声波辅助技术提取黑糯玉米芯色素，研究了pH、光照、温度、氧化剂、还原刺、金属离子、共存物质对黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性的影响，并与相同条件下常规提取的黑糯王米芯色素进行比较。结果表明：光照、温度对两种方法提取出的色素无显著性影响；过氧化氢、亚硫酸钠、维生素C溶液对黑糯玉米芯色素影响较大；金属离子中的Fe^2＋、Fe^2＋、Sn^2＋对黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性影响较大，食品中常用的葡萄糖、蔗糖对色素有一定的降解作用；防腐剂苯甲酸钠对色素有一定的降解作用，且浓度越大，影响越大。柠檬酸、苹果酸、可溶性淀粉对色素溶液有增色作用；超声波辅助提取的色素和常规法提取的色素的稳定性基本一致。     

R362菌株产黑色素提取及稳定性研究

通过液体培养R362菌株,提取其产生的黑色素,并研究酸度、温度、光照、碳水化合物、氧化剂、还原剂、金属离子对色素稳定性的影响。结果表明:该色素的最大吸收峰为390nm,在碱性条件下较稳定,在酸性条件下易褪色;热、光、碳水化合物对色素稳定性无影响,色素对H2O2和Na2SO3较敏感;几种常见的金属离子(除Fe3 )对色素色泽无影响。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the