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以纤维素为基体,丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为接枝单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂,通过悬浮接枝聚合法制备出了纤维素基吸水吸油材料;考察了单体用量、引发剂用量、反应时间、反应温度及交联剂用量等因素对接枝聚合物的吸水、吸油性能的影响。结果表明:在单体与纤维素的质量比为3.0∶1.0,AM∶BMA的质量比为2.0∶1.0,相对于单体,引发剂质量分数为6.0%,交联剂质量分数为0.5%,分散剂质量分数为0.5%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h的条件下,得到纤维素-AM-BMA接枝共聚物,其吸油倍率为11.55 g/g,吸水倍率为23.51 g/g,聚合度为534.6。 相似文献
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以N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,研究了MBA与纤维素在离子液体中的接枝共聚反应。通过正交单因素实验,研究了反应时间、单体用量、反应温度、引发剂用量对接枝效果的影响。实验结果表明:当反应时间为2 h,单体与纤维素质量比为3∶1,反应温度为50℃,引发剂用量为0.05 g时,接枝效果最好。此条件下,MBA与纤维素的接枝率可达38.06%。 相似文献
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聚乙烯固相接枝马来酸酐的研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
研究了以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,二甲苯为界面剂,粉状聚乙烯(HDPE、LLDPE)固相接枝马来酸酐(MAH)的反应。讨论了反应温度、引发剂用量、单体用量和界面剂种类等对接枝反应的影响,并用红外光谱法证实了接枝反应。结果表明,PE固相接枝MAH反应对温度敏感,随温度升高,接枝率提高;在一定范围内,接枝率随引发剂用量、单体用量和搅拌转速、界面剂用量的增加而提高;界面剂用量虽少,但能促进BPO、MAH在PE上的反应。通过接枝反应可得到接枝率为9%左右的PE-g-MAH产物和接枝率为13%以上的LLDPE-g-MAH产物 相似文献
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以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在少量水存在下,研究了微晶纤维素(MCC)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝共聚的反应规律。考察了含水量、反应时间与温度、MMA单体和引发剂用量等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明,体系含水质量分数为50%左右,MMA用量为MCC质量的20%,过硫酸铵用量为MCC质量的10%,反应温度在80℃,反应时间为40min左右,可得到接枝率和接枝效率均较高的接枝共聚物。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析法(TGA)以及X射线衍射法(XRD)对合成的接枝共聚物进行了表征。 相似文献
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以球形纤维素珠体为原料,丙烯腈(AN)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,硝酸铈铵和过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,制备纤维素珠体-AN-AM接枝共聚物,并通过正交单因素实验,研究了反应温度、引发剂用量、单体用量、反应时间等因素对接枝效果的影响。实验结果表明:当反应温度为60℃,引发剂硝酸铈铵用量为20%,KPS用量为15%(引发剂与单体AN的质量百分比),单体AN浓度为0.75 mol/L,AM浓度为0.28 mol/L,硝酸浓度为0.14 mol/L,反应时间为3 h时,接枝效果最好。此条件下,AN、AM与纤维素的接枝率可达259.4%,接枝效率可达49.40%。 相似文献
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马来酸酐接枝乙烯—1—辛烯共聚物及其应用 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
采用熔融法制备了乙烯-1-门牌烯共聚物(POE)接枝马来酸酐(MAH),讨论了引发剂、单体、交联抑制剂用量对接枝率和凝胶率的影响。通过对不同引发剂双2,5、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、及自制复配引发剂的比较,发现采用自制复配引发剂并加入适量交联抑制剂可以在获得较高接枝率的同时,降低接枝产物的凝胶率,得到流动性好的无色或浅苋色的POE-g-MAH。接枝改性产物应用于氢氧化铝填充聚乙烯体系和超强超韧尼龙体系,均获得很好的效果。 相似文献
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聚苯乙烯- 甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的合成 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过氯甲基化反应在线型聚苯乙烯(PS)的苯环上定量地引入氯甲基(—CH2Cl),合成了氯甲基化聚苯乙烯大分子引发剂PS—CH2Cl,在氯化亚铜/α,α′-联二吡啶配合物(CuCl/bpy)催化下,以PS—CH2Cl引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合,合成了聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物。用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱证实了接枝共聚物的结构,测定了接枝共聚物中PMMA支链数目、接枝共聚物的支链长度、接枝率及接枝效率。结果表明,用这种方法制备的接枝共聚物相对分子质量分布较窄,接枝率可控,接枝效率高达92%~98%。 相似文献
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以马来酸酐(MAH)为单体、苯乙烯(St)为共单体、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,采用溶剂热法分别制备了苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)接枝物AS-g-MAH以及AS-g-(MAH-St).利用红外光谱对接枝物进行了结构表征,证明MAH已经成功接枝在AS链上.并用反式滴定法测定了接枝率,讨论了引发剂用量、马来酸酐用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物浓度和共单体用量对接枝率的影响.结果表明:随着引发剂用量的增加和反应时间的延长,接枝率先增大,然后趋于平稳;随着马来酸酐用量、反应温度和反应物浓度的增加,接枝率先增大后下降;共单体苯乙烯的加入对接枝率的提高有很大的促进作用. 相似文献
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Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps has been studied using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The effect of order of reactants addition on grafting was examined: three methods were studied. Addition of the pulp to a mixture of initiator and monomer (method A) resulted in more efficient grafting than the other two methods. The reaction produced more grafting at 50°C than at 30°C or at 40°C. The results showed that the monomer and initiator concentrations are the major factors influencing the grafting rate of acrylonitrile. Increasing the acrylonitrile or initiator concentration was accompanied by a substantial increase in graft yields. Increasing the initiator concentration is more effective on polymerization rate than the increase in monomer concentration. The extent of grafting of this monomer can best be controlled by reaction time. Water swelling of pulps significantly affected the grafting rate of acrylonitrile as well as the ceric consumption during grafting. The reactivity of bagasse pulp towards grafting of acrylonitrile is higher than that of wood pulp due to a more open structure of cellulose in bagasse pulp as well as the presence of some lignin which accelerates grafting. Ceric consumption during grafting depends on the nature of the pulp as well as the monomer and initiator concentrations, time, temperature, and the method of grafting. More Ce(IV) is consumed during grafting than during oxidation of the pulps under identical reaction conditions, due to homopolymer formation which accompanied grafting. The ceric consumption by bagasse during grafting or oxidation is somewhat greater than that consumed by wood pulp under similar reaction conditions. 相似文献
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两亲性接枝共聚物PVA-g-PBA的合成与表征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以过硫酸钾 (KPS)为引发剂 ,将丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)接枝到聚乙烯醇 (PVA)上 ,制得两亲性接枝共聚物 PVA-g-PBA。用红外光谱、X射线衍射表征了接枝物 ,研究了引发剂浓度、单体浓度及反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率和接枝效率和接枝率对共聚物吸水性能的影响。结果表明在水介质中 ,氮气保护下 ,70℃时 ,以过硫酸钾 (KPS)为引发剂 ,将丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)接枝到聚乙烯醇 (PVA)上 ,[PVA]为 2 .5× 1 0 -4mol/ L,[BA]为 0 .63 mol/ L、[KPS]为 5 .5 5× 1 0 -4时 ,反应 5 h,能获得较高 CM、G和 Ge的接枝物。接枝物的接枝率越高 ,吸水率越低 ,吸水 1 0 h达平衡 ,最大平衡吸水率为 1 88.8%。 相似文献
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Sodium alginate (SA) was graft‐copolymerized with methyl methacrylate in an alkali aqueous solution with potassium ditelluratoargentate(III) (DTA) as the initiator. Graft copolymers with both a high grafting efficiency (>90%) and a high percentage of grafting were obtained, which indicated that the DTA–SA redox pair was an efficient initiator for this grafting. The grafting parameters, including total conversion, grafting efficiency, and percentage grafting, were evaluated comparatively. The dependence of these parameters on temperature and time, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and SA backbone concentration was also investigated. The overall activation energy of this grafting was calculated as 37.50 kJ/mol. Proof of grafting was obtained from gravimetric analysis and IR spectra. A tentative mechanism involving a two‐step, single‐electron‐transfer process of DTA is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation of grafting. Some basic properties of the grafted copolymer were studied by instrumental analyses, including thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1688–1694, 2005 相似文献
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To prepare super water absorbent hydrogels of wood cellulose fibers, poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) was copolymerized onto softwood sulfite pulp fibers using free radical initiator followed by alkaline hydrolysis. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) was used as the free radical initiator. Effects of various parameters such as fiber concentration, monomer/pulp (M/pulp) ratio, CAN concentration, and reaction time on the grafting yield and on other grafting parameters were investigated. The graft conversion was the same from low to medium fiber concentration. The amount of initiator required was found to be independent of fiber concentration to achieve maximum grafting yield. Different fiber fractions (classified based on their length) have no effect on the grafting yield. The evidence of graft copolymerization was determined by using ATR‐IR spectroscopy. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that grafting takes place both in amorphous and crystalline regions of cellulose fibers and the decrease in crystallinity of the grafted fibers with an increase in grafting yield was confirmed. The surface morphology of the PMA‐g‐cellulose was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water retention value of the hydrolyzed grafted pulp was determined based on a centrifugation technique. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
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The grafting of acrylamide onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using hydrogen peroxide as the redox initiator was investigated. Benzyl alcohol was found to be the favorite medium for this grafting. Maximum graft yield (7.6%) was reached at 95°C; the graft yield decreased at higher temperatures, and finally grafting was inhibited at 120°C. The effect of monomer and initiator concentration on grafting was also studied. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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采用溶液法制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。采用单因素及正交实验方法研究了单体、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量及引发剂加入工艺等因素对产物接枝率的影响。结果表明,各因素对聚丙烯接枝率都有一定的影响,马来酸酐及二甲苯的用量对聚丙烯接枝率影响最大,当马来酸酐、二甲苯与聚丙烯之间比例为0.1/2/1时,聚丙烯的接枝率最大,接枝率可达4.36%。 相似文献
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黄原胶与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在氮气保护下,研究了黄原胶与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚反应。考察了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对接枝率及接枝效率的影响,探讨了过硫酸铵引发黄原胶接枝丙烯酰胺共聚反应的基本规律。采用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射对接枝共聚物的结构进行研究,用热重分析法表征了产物的热性能,并初步探讨了接枝机理。结果表明,过硫酸铵能有效地引发黄原胶与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚反应,并且接枝率和接枝效率随单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度的变化出现极大值,随反应时间的延长不断上升,直至基本不变。 相似文献